Environmental factors affecting reproduction and development in ascidians and other protochordates

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R Bates
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Larval Settlement ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nitric Oxide Signaling ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Sexual And Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

Protochordate reproduction and development are influenced by many kinds of environmental factors. For example, spawning, sexual and asexual reproduction, larval behaviour, and life-cycle transitions (metamorphosis) are key processes known to be affected by environmental factors. This review must be restricted primarily to only one group of protochordates, the ascidians or "sea squirts", because information on the reproductive ecology of hemichordates and cephalochordates is limited to only a few studies. Topics discussed in the present review include (i) environmental factors that regulate larval settlement, (ii) how pelagic embryos avoid damage to DNA caused by UV radiation, (iii) the effect of water temperature and food availability on sexual reproduction in colonial ascidians, (iv) environmental regulation of asexual budding, (v) environmental regulation of metamorphosis, and (vi) the possible role of the environment in the evolution of direct-developing ascidians. A novel role for HSP90 and nitric oxide signaling in the integration of environmental factors with cell signaling pathways in ascidians is discussed near the end of this review. Throughout this review, the multiple roles of environmental stress on ascidian reproduction and development are emphasized.

Role of infrastructure and other environmental factors affecting the distribution of alien plants in the Tatra Mts

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Medvecká ◽  
Mária Zaliberová ◽  
Jana Májeková ◽  
Dušan Senko ◽  
Ivan Jarolímek
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tatra Mts

A review of the factors affecting sunlight inactivation of micro-organisms in waste stabilisation ponds: preliminary results for enterococci

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. Bolton ◽  
N. J. Cromar ◽  
P. Hallsworth ◽  
H. J. Fallowfield
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Solar Disinfection ◽  
Waste Stabilisation Ponds ◽  
Turbid Waters ◽  
Micro Organisms

Waste stabilisation ponds (WSP) are efficient, cost-effective methods of treating wastewater in rural and remote communities in Australia. It is recognised that sunlight plays a significant role in their disinfection, however, due to the poor penetration of light in turbid waters it has been hypothesised that other mechanisms may also contribute to disinfection in WSPs. To date, studies have reported various and conflicting results with regards to the relative contributions of UVA, UVB, PAR and environmental factors including pH, DO and photo-sensitisers on micro-organism disinfection. Initially we investigated the role of these environmental factors on the solar disinfection of enterococci in buffered distilled water to control for potential confounding factors within the wastewater. Die-off rate constants were measured, in sterile buffered distilled water at varying pH and dissolved oxygen concentrations, for enterococci irradiated with UVA and UVB. Enterococci were found to be predominantly inactivated by UVB (p < 0.001), however, UVA was also observed to increase inactivation rates relative to the dark control (p < 0.001). DO and pH were found to have no effect on inactivation rate when enterococci were irradiated with UVB (p > 0.05), however, when irradiated with UVA, both DO and pH were observed to further increase inactivation rates (p < 0.01).

scholarly journals Nurses’ experiences of the role of organizational and environmental factors in the development of love of the profession: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery ◽  
Shahnaz Bolandian-Bafghi ◽  
Mitra Zandi
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Conventional Content Analysis

Abstract Background Love of the profession has significant relationship with nurses’ job motivation and care quality. However, there is limited information about organizational and environmental factors affecting LOP among nurses. Aim This study aimed at exploring nurses’ experiences of the role of organizational and environmental factors in the development of Love of the profession. Methods This qualitative study was conducted in 2020–2021 using the conventional content analysis approach. Participants were Fifteen Iranian nurses with deep Love of the profession, nursing instructors, and nursing managers purposefully selected from different healthcare and academic settings in seven large cities of Iran. Data were gathered via semi-structured interviews and were analyzed via the conventional content analysis method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Results Organizational and environmental factors affecting the development of Love of the profession were grouped into three main categories, The social context of the profession (with two subcategories), family support (with two subcategories), and organizational health (with four subcategories). Subcategories were respectively historical context of the profession, the evolving context, emotional family support, instrumental family support, quality of interpersonal relationships in the organization, level of organizational justice, level of authority delegation to nurses, and level of organizational support. Conclusions Different organizational and environmental factors can affect nurses’ Love of the profession development. Improving public image of nursing, providing nurses with stronger support, improving organizational climate, and strengthening interpersonal relationships in healthcare settings are recommended to develop nurses’ Love of the profession.

DETERMINANTS OF VARIATION IN ADULT BODY HEIGHT

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARRI SILVENTOINEN
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Childhood Environment ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Final body height is achieved as the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this article is to review past studies on body height that have followed different scientific traditions. In modern Western societies, about 20% of variation in body height is due to environmental variation. In poorer environments, this proportion is probably larger, with lower heritability of body height as well as larger socioeconomic body height differences. The role of childhood environment is seen in the increase in body height during the 20th century simultaneously with the increase in the standard of living. The most important non-genetic factors affecting growth and adult body height are nutrition and diseases. Short stature is associated with poorer education and lower social position in adulthood. This is mainly due to family background, but other environmental factors in childhood also contribute to this association. Body height is a good indicator of childhood living conditions, not only in developing countries but also in modern Western societies. Future studies combining different scientific traditions in auxology are needed to create a more holistic view of body height.

A response surface study on the role of some environmental factors affecting the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panayotis Kalathenos ◽  
József Baranyi ◽  
Jane P. Sutherland ◽  
Terry A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Surface Study

scholarly journals Sensors and Measurements for Unmanned Systems: An Overview

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1518
Author(s):  
Eulalia Balestrieri ◽  
Pasquale Daponte ◽  
Luca De Vito ◽  
Francesco Lamonaca
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Unmanned Systems ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Application Range ◽  
Unmanned System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Physical Quantities

The advance of technology has enabled the development of unmanned systems/vehicles used in the air, on the ground or on/in the water. The application range for these systems is continuously increasing, and unmanned platforms continue to be the subject of numerous studies and research contributions. This paper deals with the role of sensors and measurements in ensuring that unmanned systems work properly, meet the requirements of the target application, provide and increase their navigation capabilities, and suitably monitor and gain information on several physical quantities in the environment around them. Unmanned system types and the critical environmental factors affecting their performance are discussed. The measurements that these kinds of vehicles can carry out are presented and discussed, while also describing the most frequently used on-board sensor technologies, as well as their advantages and limitations. The paper provides some examples of sensor specifications related to some current applications, as well as describing the recent research contributions in the field.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

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