THE NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF GRASSHOPPERS: II. EFFECTS OF PLANT PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND EXTRACTS OF BRAN ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND SURVIVAL OF THE GRASSHOPPERS MELANOPLUS BIVITTATUS (SAY) AND CAMNULA PELLUCIDA (SCUDDER)

Nymphs of the grasshopper Camnula pellucida (Scudder) were reared successfully to the adult stage on the chemically defined synthetic diet used for Melano-plus bivittatus (Say). Effects of wheat-germ oil, two fractions of wheat-germ oil (neutral lipid fraction and phospholipid fraction), and lecithins on growth, development, and survival of M. bivittutus and C. pellucida were studied. Experiments showing enhanced growth and development of both these species of grasshoppers, after the addition of phospholipid fraction of wheat-germ oil in the synthetic diet, were confirmed by incorporating commercially available phospholipids, as phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl inositol (which are constituents of wheat-germ oil), in the synthetic diet. As growth could occur on diets lacking special gustatory substances but containing only essential nutrients, the apparent improvements in growth and development of nymphs on diets containing phospholipids were attributed to enhanced palatability of the diet. The effects of higher moisture rontent available because of the use of different-sized cages for rearing were also demonstrated on both the species of grasshoppers. Higher relative humidity available in small plastic dishes improved growth and development of M. bivittatus nymphs, but these factors did not show any apparent effects on growth and development of C. pellucida nymphs. Ether extract of bran did not improve growth of either species, but ethanol extract of ether-extracted bran and ether-and-ethanol-extracted bran improved growth of both the species to a great extent. M. bivittatus could eat and grow from firat-instar nymphs to the adult stage on bran, whereas C. pellucida. nymphs could not grow and survive on bran alone. Behavioral differences of the two species of grasshoppers were discussed.

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THE EFFECTS OF WHEAT GERM OIL AND LINOLEIC ACID ON GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF THE HOUSE CRICKET

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z62-032 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 371-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Claude Ritchot ◽

J. E. McFarlane

Keyword(s):

Linoleic Acid ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Wheat Germ ◽

Acheta Domesticus ◽

Wheat Germ Oil ◽

House Cricket ◽

Growth And Reproduction

Lipid other than sterol improves the growth and development of nymphs of Acheta domesticus (L.), as shown by the effect of adding wheat germ oil and linoleic acid to the diet. Such lipid is also necessary for reproduction: the effect appears to be on the male, but may also be on the female.

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PLANT PHOSPHOLIPIDS AS FEEDING STIMULANTS FOR GRASSHOPPERS

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z63-067 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 931-935 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

A. J. Thorsteinson ◽

J. K. Nayar

Keyword(s):

Wheat Germ ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽

Feeding Stimulants ◽

Wheat Germ Oil ◽

Chromatographic Techniques

Plant phospholipids were isolated from wheat germ oil by chromatographic techniques. The lecithins and phosphatidyl inositol were shown to evoke striking feeding activity from older nymphs and adults of the two species of grasshoppers, Melanoplus bivittatus (Say) and Camnula pellucida (Scudder). This feeding activity was much more pronounced in the male nymphs than in the female nymphs.

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Fish oil plus wheat germ oil have no prominent effect on homocysteine levels and nutritional indices in hemodialysis patients

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000604 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Hadeer Zakaria ◽

Tarek M. Mostafa ◽

Gamal A. El-Azab ◽

Nagy AH Sayed-Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Wheat Germ ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Nutritional Indices ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Wheat Germ Oil ◽

Serum Homocysteine

Abstract. Background: Elevated homocysteine levels and malnutrition are frequently detected in hemodialysis patients and are believed to exacerbate cardiovascular comorbidities. Omega-3 fatty acids have been postulated to lower homocysteine levels by up-regulating metabolic enzymes and improving substrate availability for homocysteine degradation. Additionally, it has been suggested that prevention of folate depletion by vitamin E consumption decreases homocysteine levels. However, data on the effect of omega-3 fatty acids and/or vitamin E on homocysteine levels and nutritional status have been inconclusive. Therefore, this study was planned to examine the effect of combined supplementation of fish oil, as a source of omega-3 fatty acids, with wheat germ oil, as a source of vitamin E, on homocysteine and nutritional indices in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-six hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to two equally-sized groups; a supplemented group who received 3000 mg/day of fish oil [1053 mg omega-3 fatty acids] plus 300 mg/day of wheat germ oil [0.765 mg vitamin E], and a matched placebo group who received placebo capsules for 4 months. Serum homocysteine and different nutritional indices were measured before and after the intervention. Results: Twenty patients in each group completed the study. At the end of the study, there were no significant changes in homocysteine levels and in the nutritional indices neither in the supplemented nor in the placebo-control groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Fish oil and wheat germ oil combination did not produce significant effects on serum homocysteine levels and nutritional indices of hemodialysis patients.

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Utilization of wheat germ oil and wheat bran fiber as fat replacer for the development of low‐fat beef patties

Food Science & Nutrition ◽

10.1002/fsn3.1988 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anam Khalid ◽

Muhammad Sohaib ◽

Muhammad Tahir Nadeem ◽

Farhan Saeed ◽

Ali Imran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wheat Bran ◽

Wheat Germ ◽

Wheat Germ Oil ◽

Low Fat ◽

Fat Replacer ◽

Beef Patties

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FT-IR spectroscopy based investigation of stability in wheat germ oil body emulsions as affected by general processing treatments

Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization ◽

10.1007/s11694-021-00897-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rabia Güneş ◽

İbrahim Gülseren

Keyword(s):

Ir Spectroscopy ◽

Wheat Germ ◽

Oil Body ◽

Wheat Germ Oil ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ft Ir Spectroscopy

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Effects of Rocket Seed Oil, Wheat Germ Oil, and Their Mixture on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Digestibility, Redox Status, and Meat Fatty Acid Profile of Growing Rabbits

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11070662 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 662

Author(s):

Sabrin Abdelrahman Morshedy ◽

Ahmed M. Abdelmodather ◽

Mohamed M. Basyony ◽

Soliman A. Zahran ◽

Mohamed A. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Wheat Germ ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Feed Utilization ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Control Group ◽

Wheat Germ Oil

Vegetable oils are a source of natural antioxidants, including tocopherols, sterols, phenolic compounds, coenzymes, and polyunsaturated fatty acids that provide nutritional value, organoleptic properties, and significantly delay or prevent lipid oxidation. Eighty-four V-line rabbits at 5 weeks of age with an initial body weight (BW) of 535.60 ± 13.48 g were assigned randomly to four experimental groups (seven replicates in each group with three rabbits each). The first group served as a control and received 0.3 mL/kg BW of distilled water (CON), while the second and third groups received 0.3 mL/kg BW of rocket seed oil (RSO) and wheat germ oil (WGO), respectively. The fourth group received a mixture of oils consisting of 0.15 mL of RSO and 0.15 mL of WGO/kg BW (MOs). The experiment lasted 7 weeks. The study investigated the effects of RSO, WGO, and their mixture on growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidant status, and immune response of growing rabbits. The results indicated that the rabbits that were administered orally with RSO and WGO or their mixture had higher (p ≤ 0.05) final BW, weight gain, and average daily gain when compared to the control group. In addition, the feed conversion ratio improved significantly with RSO, WGO, and MOs treatments. Different oil treatments improved nutrient digestibility, nutritive value, and nitrogen balance. Moreover, the rabbits that received RSO, WGO, and their mixture had an improvement the meat fatty acid composition compared to the control rabbits. Oral administration of RSO, WGO, and their mixture significantly improved serum protein fractions, decreased blood urea nitrogen, and had a positive effect on serum total lipids, HDL-c, and LDL-c. Furthermore, the treatments of RSO, WGO, and MOs had a significant improvement in the antioxidative status and immune response.

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A PROPOSED MODIFICATION OF EMMERIE'S IRON-DIPYRIDYL METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE TOCOPHEROL CONTENT OF OILS

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr40b-050 ◽

1940 ◽

Vol 18b (12) ◽

pp. 405-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

W. E. Parker ◽

W. D. McFarlane

Keyword(s):

Sulphuric Acid ◽

Wheat Germ ◽

Tocopherol Content ◽

Wheat Germ Oil ◽

Other Substances ◽

Ether Solution ◽

Proposed Modification ◽

Petrol Ether

By treating a petrol ether solution of wheat-germ oil with 85% sulphuric acid, centrifuging, and washing the supernatant petrol ether with dilute alkali, carotenoids and other substances that interfere with the iron-dipyridyl method for determining tocopherol are removed. Tocopherol is not affected by the treatment. The tocopherol content of the solution is finally determined by a modification of Emmerie's method.

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