A neotype for Eucephalobus striatus (Bastian, 1865) Thorne, 1937 (Nematoda) and redescription of the species from topotypes and their progeny

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Anderson ◽  
D. J. Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Excretory Pore ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Value Differences ◽  
Spicule Length ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Female Tail

The dimensions and morphology of the progeny of five female topotypes of Eucephalobus striatus cultures on agar ranged more widely than in previous descriptions. Specimens from agar were usually longer and wider than topotypes from soil, had shorter tails of more variable shape, a smaller anal body width-tail length ratio, the ovary was often not flexed, and the deirids and excretory pore were usually more posterior. First-generation larvae developed slowly on agar, requiring at least a month to become adult. Adult females from agar were devoid of sperms and did not usually reproduce, and their gonads differed from those of impregnated, fecund specimens from soil. The bifurcate labial probolae and duplex lips in all specimens and the variability of the female tail showed that they were close to Cephalobus persegnis Bastian, 1865. Length and shape of the postuterine sac, length of the gubernaculum compared with spicule length, and the position where the incisures ended on the female tail were the most reliable characters for species identification but of doubtful generic value. Differences in the stoma, including an undescribed region between the cheilostom and prostom, are discussed and illustrated.

Steinernema loci sp. n. and Steinernema thanhi sp. n. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) from Vietnam

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Moens ◽  
Ngoc Chau Nguyen ◽  
Ke Long Phan
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Spicule Length ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Total Body

AbstractTwo new species of Steinernema (Rhabditida), Steinernema loci sp. n. and S. thanhi sp. n., were isolated from beach soil in Thanhhoa and Hatinh provinces in the northern part of Vietnam. A combination of morphological, morphometric and rDNA-RFLP features indicated the distinctness of both species from other Steinernema spp. Diagnostic characters of Steinernema loci sp. n. include: total body length (896-1072 μm), distance from anterior end to excretory pore (EP = 71-86 μm), tail length (66-83 μm), lateral field in mid-body with eight ridges (nine distinct lines) and rounded, broad and smooth anterior end of the third stage infective juvenile; first generation males were characterised by body width, spicule length and the ratio spicule length : anal body width (SW). Diagnostic characters of Steinernema thanhi sp. n. third stage infective juveniles include: total body length (720-960 μm), EP (68-84 μm), tail length (52-72 μm), lateral field in mid-body with eight ridges (nine distinct lines) and rounded, broad and smooth anterior end. Spicule length, ratio SW and arrangement of genital papillae characterised the first generation males.

Studies on the morphology of Macrolaimus arboreus Truskova & Eroshenko, 1977 (Rhabditida: Chambersiellidae) from Iran

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Shokoohi ◽  
Hadi Panahi ◽  
Hendrika Fourie ◽  
Joaquín Abolafia
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Excretory Pore ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Female Tail ◽  
Length Measurements

Summary A population of Macrolaimus arboreus was collected from the rhizosphere of pine in Iran. This population of M. arboreus is characterised by the body length, 800-1010 μm in females, lip region with six seta-like papillae directed anteriad, stoma nearly as long as wide (9-11 × 7 μm), with cheilostom slightly longer than gymnostom and cheilorhabdia and gymnorhabdia well-developed, pharyngeal corpus 1.8-2.0 times the isthmus length, with slightly swollen metacorpus, excretory pore located at isthmus level, female reproductive system monodelphic-prodelphic reflexed with short post-vulval uterine sac, female tail conical (57-67 μm, c = 13.7-15.0, c′ = 3.5-3.8), ending in an acute tip which is weakly curved dorsad, and phasmids at 54-60% of tail length. Measurements and illustrations, including SEM, are provided.

Steinernema ashiuense sp. n. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Japan

Nematology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long K. Phan ◽  
Shuhei Takemoto ◽  
Kazuyoshi Futai
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Excretory Pore ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rdna Sequence ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Spicule Length

Abstract Steinernema ashiuense sp. n. was collected by a Galleria baiting method from grassland along the riverbank of the Yura river, near the Ashiu Research Forest Station of Kyoto University. The new species is characterised by an infective juvenile body length of 768 (720-800) μm, lateral field with five equally developed ridges (i.e., six lines or incisures), head smooth lacking horn-like structures, excretory pore located at level of middle of pharynx, hyaline portion short (ca one-third of tail length). Males have 50-65 μm long, broad, slightly yellowish spicules; spicule length / spicule width = 4 (3.5-4.4), and two subventral and one subdorsal pair of genital papillae in the postcloacal region. The analysis of ITS-rDNA sequence placed S. ashiuense sp. n. in the 'feltiae-kraussei-oregonense' group in the clade containing S. robustispiculum and S. monticolum. It can be distinguished from these species by morphological characters of the infective juveniles and males.

Two new insect-associated tylenchids, Sychnotylenchus hibisci n. sp. and Neoditylenchus xiphydriae n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Anguinidae), from Japan

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Natsumi Kanzaki ◽  
Hisashi Kajimura ◽  
Hayato Masuya ◽  
Mitsuteru Akiba ◽  
Taisuke Ekino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Tail ◽  
Spicule Length ◽  
Female Tail ◽  
Tail Shape ◽  
Tail Tip

Summary We isolated two tylenchid species belonging to the Sychnotylenchinae, Sychnotylenchus hibisci n. sp. and Neoditylenchus xiphydriae n. sp., from the bark beetle Ernoporus corpulentus and wood wasp Xiphydria ogasawarai, respectively. Sychnotylenchus hibisci n. sp. is characterised by its moderately stout body in both male and female, gubernaculum to spicule length ratio of one-third or less, crustaformeria structure composed of four columns with six large, rounded cells, and a broad female tail with a rounded terminus. The new species is closely related to S. ulmi, with which it shares body shape and gubernaculum to spicule length ratio, but is distinguished by the female tail shape and several morphometric values. Neoditylenchus xiphydriae n. sp. is characterised by its oval to leaf-shaped male bursa, male tail tip reaching the distal end of, and protruding beyond the bursa, a long post-vulval uterine sac (PUS), and a conical female tail with a narrowly rounded terminus. The species is typologically similar to N. pinophilus but is distinguished by its male spicule shape, gubernaculum to spicule length ratio, and longer PUS. Phylogenetically, the Sychnotylenchinae belongs under the Anguinidae (superfamily Sphaerularioidea) and is closely related to several Ditylenchus, Neotylenchus, Neomisticius, and Ficotylus species.

Growth and development of Strongyloides venezuelensis Brumpt, 1934 in the albino rat

Parasitology ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guta Wertheim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Strongyloides Venezuelensis ◽  
The Difference

Growth and development of S. venezuelensis in percutaneously infected albino rats was studied and compared with S. ratti. The development of S. venezuelensis was found to last longer than that of S. ratti, the difference resulting mainly from the longer sojourn of the L3 larvae in skin and lungs. The growth rate was found to differ in each developmental stage, being higher in L4 than in L3 larvae. The adult females continued to increase in size for 6–7 days postexposure. The increase in body width, oesophagus length and tail length was found to be allometric bradyauxetic.

Description of Metarhabditis giennensis sp. n. (Nematoda, Rhabditida, Rhabditidae) from decaying wood of a riverbank forest in the southern Iberian Peninsula

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4652 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOAQUÍN ABOLAFIA ◽  
REYES PEÑA-SANTIAGO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Excretory Pore ◽  
Nerve Ring ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Transverse Striation ◽  
Female Tail ◽  
Decaying Wood ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the genus Metarhabditis, M. giennensis sp. n., collected from a riverbank poplar forest in the southern Iberian Peninsula, is described and illustrated, including SEM observations. The new species is characterized by its 1.01–1.16 mm long body in females and 0.77–0.98 in males, cuticle with very fine transverse striation, lip region 9–14 µm broad and consisting of six swollen rounded lips fused in pairs, stoma 14–25 µm long with tubular gymno-promesostegostom, pharynx with slightly swollen metacorpus and slender isthmus, nerve ring, excretory pore and deirids located at isthmus level, female reproductive system didelphic-amphidelphic, vulva equatorial (V = 49–50), female rectum length 1.2–1.7 times the anal body width, female tail conical-elongate with acute tip (123–199 µm, c = 5.8–8.2, c’ = 8.2–11.1), male tail conical (34–56 µm, c = 15.5–25.7, c’ = 2.4–3.5), bursa leptoderan, 32–41 µm long spicules with rounded and ventrally bent manubrium, and 17–20 µm long gubernaculum. An updated list of species of the genus and a key for their identification are also provided. [Zoobank URL: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7EBAC9DB-A148-4A1A-97E5-3B796D0839BF] 

Steinernema huense sp. n., a new entomopathogenic nematode (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) from Vietnam

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 761-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Long Phan ◽  
Zdeněk Mráček ◽  
Vladimír Půža ◽  
Jiří Nermut ◽  
Andrea Jarošová
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Symbiotic Bacterium ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Spicule Length ◽  
Short Body

A new entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema huense sp. n., belonging to the carpocapsae group, was recovered in Bach Ma National Park (Thua Thien Hue province) Vietnam. Steinernema huense sp. n. infective juveniles are characterised by short body length of 527 (444-571) μm, distance from anterior end to excretory pore of 43 (38-46) μm, anterior end to end of pharynx of 116 (103-129) μm; tail length of 50 (43-56) μm, D% = 37 (34-39) and E% = 85 (79-93), H% = 44 (39-52) and in having six ridges (i.e., seven lines) in the lateral field. For first generation males, the diagnostic characters include the spicule length of 67 (60-72) μm; D% = 48 (41-61); SW% = 195 (168-238) and GS% = 76 (68-81). Both generations possess a minute filamentous mucron, which can be rudimentary in the first generation, and 23 genital papillae. Spicules are finely curved, brownish and slender with a prominent rostrum. First generation females have a non-protruding, symmetrical vulva, with double flapped epiptygma. The tail of mature females is obese with a short conical tip (peg) lacking minute protuberances, and post-anal swelling not developed. The new species is further characterised by sequences of ITS and D2-D3 regions of the ribosomal DNA. According to molecular data, the symbiotic bacterium of S. huense sp. n. is closely related to Xenorhabdus stockiae.

scholarly journals First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne marylandi on Turfgrasses in Israel

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Oka ◽  
G. Karssen ◽  
M. Mor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Excretory Pore ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
The United States ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Dorsal Gland

In a turfgrass nursery in Arava, Israel, a population of root-knot nematodes was isolated from poorly growing Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) with symptoms of foliar chlorosis and roots with very small, smooth galls and protruding egg masses. The isolated population (genus Meloidogyne) included females and second-stage juveniles, whereas no males were observed. Measurements and morphological observations of 20 second-stage juveniles (body length = 423 ± 13 μm, dorsal gland orifice from stylet base = 2.6 ± 0.4 μm, tail length = 63 ± 3 μm, hyaline tail length = 12.4 ± 0.9 μm and hemizonid posterior to excretory pore) and 10 adult females (stylet length = 12.5 ± 0.7 μm, dorsal gland orifice from stylet base = 3.3 ± 0.5 μm, excretory pore to head end = 11.9 ± 1.3 μm and perineal patterns rounded to ovoid with coarse striae) conformed to the description of Meloidogyne marylandi Jepson and Golden (3). Additionally, the identification was confirmed when females and second-stage juveniles were compared with available paratype slides. The isozymes malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) and esterase (EC 3.1.1.1) of young, adult females were also different from those of other described root-knot nematode species, including M. graminis, a taxon closely related to M. marylandi (4). M. marylandi was discovered and described from Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers) in Maryland in 1987. Outside the United States, it has only been isolated from Zoysia matrella in Japan (1,2,3). In host range tests with different turfgrasses, stolons with roots were inoculated after 1 week with 500 second-stage juveniles per plant and 6 weeks later, the produced egg-masses where counted. These tests showed that this root-knot nematode isolate reproduced on Z. japonica and Pennisetum clandestinum, while no egg masses were observed on the roots of Dactyloctenium australe, Paspalum vaginatum, and Stenotaphrum secundatum. Additionally, some cereals grown from seeds were tested. Wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and bristle oat (Avena strigosa) were infested with this nematode, while oat (A. sativa) was not. Although the origin of this root-knot nematode in Israel is unknown, it could have been distributed throughout the country with commercial turfgrass. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. marylandi in Israel and outside the United States and Japan. References: (1) M. Araki. Jpn. J. Nematol. 22:49, 1992. (2) A. M. Golden. J. Nematol. 21:453, 1989. (3) S. B. Jepson and A. M. Golden. Pages 263–265 in: Identification of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne species). CAB International, Wallingford, U.K., 1987. (4) G. Karssen. The plant-parasitic nematode genus, Meloidogyne Göldi, 1892 (Tylenchida) in Europe. Brill, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2002.

A new entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema tielingense n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), from north China

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ma ◽  
Shulong Chen ◽  
Xiuhua Li ◽  
Richou Han ◽  
Hari Bahadur Khatri-Chhetri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Excretory Pore ◽  
First Generation ◽  
North China ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Steinernema was isolated from shrub soils in Liaoning province during a survey for entomopathogenic nematodes in north China. This nematode was obtained by the insect-baiting technique using last instar larvae of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). This new species is described herein as S. tielingense n. sp. It belongs to the ‘feltiae-kraussei-oregonense’ group and is characterised by infective third-stage juvenile (IJ) with a body length of 915 (824-979) μm, distance from head to excretory pore of 69 (64-73) μm, tail length of 81 (74-85) μm, ratio E=88 (85-94)%, lateral field with eight ridges at mid-body, first generation male spicule 88 (79-98) μm and gubernaculum 61 (49-70) μm long, and first generation female with a vulval protrusion and ratio D=41 (32-49)%. The new species distinctly differs from the related species S. kraussei, S. silvaticum, S. oregonense and S. cholashanense in the different number of ridges in the lateral fields and hyaline tail length as % of total tail length of IJ and male body length and distance from head to excretory pore. Cross hybridisation tests showed that these species were reproductively isolated. The sequences analyses of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and D2-D3 regions of the ribosomal DNA confirm this to be a new species.

Heterorhabditis pakistanensen. sp. (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) a new entomopathogenic nematode from Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Shahina ◽  
K.A. Tabassum ◽  
J. Salma ◽  
G. Mehreen ◽  
R. Knoetze
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Excretory Pore ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Its Region ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Spicule Length ◽  
The Right

AbstractA new entomopathogenic nematode species ofHeterorhabditis, described asH. pakistanensen. sp., was isolated from soil samples around the roots of grass at Malir, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. The new species is characterized morphologically by features of males: body size 819 μm (720–1013 μm), D% ((distance from anterior end to excretory pore divided by pharynx length) × 100) 119 (110–126), SW% ((spicule length divided by anal body diameter) × 100) 156 (144–191), GS% ((gubernaculum length divided by spicule length) × 100) 58 (48–65) and variations in the number of bursal papillae of the terminal group: 8th and 9th papillae sometimes absent on both sides, sometimes eight papillae present on the right side whereas six papillae present on the left side. On the right side the arrangement of papillae is 1 + 2 + 3 + 2 whereas on the left side it is 1 + 2 + 3. The hermaphrodite has a prominent post-anal swelling and a conoid tail 82 μm (64–95 μm) long with a pointed terminus. Hermaphrodites ofH. pakistanensen. sp. can be distinguished from all species ofHeterorhabditisexceptH. downesiby having a mucronate tail. Infective juveniles have a medium-sized body (581 μm (558–624 μm)), long pharynx (117 μm (113–125 μm)), ensheathed tail (99 μm (95–110 μm)) and E% ((distance from anterior end to excretory pore divided by tail length) × 100) 100 (95–107). The new species can be distinguished from all species ofHeterorhabditisby the absence of the 7th, 8th and 9th bursal papillae.Heterorhabditis pakistanenseis further characterized by the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the D2D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene. The closest speciesH. indica, H. gerrardi, H. amazonensisandH. noenieputensisbeing separated by 9, 7, 66 and 15 bp, respectively, in the ITS region. Molecular phylogenetic trees based on sequences of ITS rDNA, D2D3 regions and the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene support the description ofH. pakistanenseas a new species.

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