Mate retention in Giant Canada Geese

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2766-2768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis G. Raveling
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Branta Canadensis ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
Mate Retention ◽  
Branta Canadensis Maxima ◽  
Breeding Seasons

Of 73 pairs of Giant Canada Geese (Branta canadensis maxima) in which both members of the pair were marked with individually identifiable neckbands, 68 (93%) remained together for as long as both members were alive or retained their markers. Collectively, these data represent 183 years of pair histories (sum of pairs × years of records). One pair that had raised a brood in the summer they were captured and marked separated during the next breeding season; neither re-paired with another bird, and then they rejoined the following autumn and remained together for five consecutive breeding seasons (and winters). Members of four (5.5%) pairs obtained new mates while their former mates were still alive. Of 17 surviving members of pairs in which the mate died (or disappeared) over winter, 15 (88%) re-paired. Data on reproductive success of 4 of these new pairs were not obtained, but 10 of 11 of the other new pairs successfully reared broods.

scholarly journals Divorce in Canada Geese (Branta canadensis): frequency, causes, and consequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Michael R. Conover ◽  
Jonathan B. Dinkins
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
The Other ◽  
Branta Canadensis ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Direct Fitness ◽  
Pair Bonds

Most Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) form lifelong pair bonds (same-mate geese), but some pairs break apart and the geese mate with new partners while their former mates are still alive (divorcees). Over 25 years, we assessed lifelong reproduction of 160 collared Canada Geese that nested for multiple years in New Haven County, Connecticut. We examined whether same-mate geese and divorcee geese differed from each other prior to or after the divorce. Fifteen percent of females and 18% of males divorced during their lifetimes. Divorces were more frequent in pairs that produced fewer hatchlings during their prior nesting year. Most divorcees that nested again did so on their former nesting territories. Replacement partners of divorcees averaged younger and had fewer years of nesting experience than the divorcees’ prior mate. Usually after a divorce, one divorcee of each former pair nested immediately while the other skipped one or more years before nesting again. Under such circumstances, the partner able to nest immediately can increase its direct fitness by finding a new partner and nesting rather than foregoing the opportunity to nest that year. During their first nesting year after the divorce, the reproductive success of divorcees and same-mate geese were similar.

“Data for the Problem of Evolution in Man. V. On the Correlation between Duration of Life and the Number of Offspring”

1901 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 458-479
Author(s):  
M. Beeton ◽  
G. U. Yule ◽  
Karl Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Similar Statement ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Darwinian Theory ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Biennial Plants ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Breeding Seasons

According to the Darwinian theory of evolution the members of a community less fitted to their environment are removed by death. But this process of natural selection would not permanently modify a race, if the members thus removed were able before death to propagate their species in average numbers. It then becomes an important question to ascertain how far duration of life is related to fertility. In the case of many insects death can interfere only with their single chance of offspring; they live or not for their one breeding season only. A similar statement holds good with regard to annual and biennial plants. In such cases there might still be a correlation between duration of life and fertility, but it would be of the indirect character, which we actually find in the case of men and women living beyond sixty years of age—a long life means better physique and better physique increased fertility. On the other hand, there is a direct correlation of fertility and duration of life in the case of those animals which generally survive a number of breeding seasons, and it is this correlation which we had at first in view when investigating the influence of duration of life on fertility in man. The discovery of the indirect factor in the correlation referred to above was therefore a point of much interest. For it seems to show that the physique fittest to survive is really the physique which is in itself (and independently of the duration of life) most fecund.

The costs of raising nidifugous offspring: brood rearing by giant Canada geese (Branta canadensis maxima)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Seddon ◽  
Thomas D. Nudds
Keyword(s):  
Brood Size ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Branta Canadensis ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Predator Detection ◽  
Brood Rearing ◽  
Competing Hypotheses ◽  
Branta Canadensis Maxima ◽  
Time Spent Feeding

Competing hypotheses that have been advanced to explain the phenomenon of posthatch brood mixing by waterfowl can be distinguished by whether they assume that adults experience costs in rearing nidifugous offspring. To test this, time budget data were collected for giant Canada geese (Branta canadensis maxima) at Cambridge, Ontario, in 1990. Breeding adults with broods devoted more time to vigilance (p = 0.001) and less time to feeding (p = 0.001) than adults that hatched clutches but were without broods, suggesting a cost to rearing nidifugous young. However, as goslings matured, parents allocated less time to vigilance (p < 0.001) and more time to locomotion (p = 0.005), and time spent feeding did not change (p = 0.336). In addition, brood size did not affect the time parents allocated to vigilance (p = 0.543) or feeding (p = 0.727), suggesting that caring for additional young has negligible effects on parents. Goslings were selective about the adult with which they associated (they were positioned closer to females than to males), but neither brood size nor brood age affected the feeding time of goslings (p = 0.94 and 0.76, respectively) or time spent vigilant (p = 0.22 and 0.69, respectively), suggesting that goslings gained no obvious advantage from greater foraging opportunities or better predator detection by congregating in larger broods.

scholarly journals Reproductive Success and Survival in Relation to Experience During the First Two Years in Canada Geese

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis G. Raveling ◽  
James S. Sedinger ◽  
Devin S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Branta Canadensis ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Family Associations ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract We studied the relationship between family associations of immature Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) and their reproductive success as 2-year-olds and survival to three years. A higher proportion of immature Canada Geese associated with family members survived to breeding age and were more successful in reproducing in their first potential year of sexual maturity (age 2) than were geese that were not in family associations. These results illustrate the benefits of prolonged parental care outweighing costs to parents and the probable influence of family association on future successful breeding. Many reproductive failures of vertebrates with complex social organization may be related to experience during maturation.

The effect of season on the ovulation rates of Merino and crossbreed ewes in Western Australia

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (38) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
HE Fels ◽  
HG Neil ◽  
IG Ralph ◽  
RJ Suiter
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Teaser Rams

Five experiments involving Merino and Border Leicester X Merino crossbred ewes were carried out to investigate the effect of season on ovulation and ovulation rate in the Western Australian agricultural areas. In one experiment, involving Murray Merinos only, effects of body weight and of introduction of teaser rams were also investigated. In 1966 the breeding season began in January for Murray Merinos, but in 1966-67 some ewes had already ovulated in December. Introduction of teaser rams in early December made teased ewes ovulate sooner than unteased ewes. The number of ovulations per ewe ovulating increased during the breeding season, reaching peaks of 1.8 eggs per ewe ovulating in April and early May 1966, and 1.6 eggs per ewe ovulating in February 1967. Supplementary feeding hastened the onset of the breeding season and tended to increase ovulation rate. Peppin Merinos showed a low incidence of ovulation, which was ascribed to their very poor body condition. The Border Leicester X Merino crossbred ewes began their breeding season in March in one experiment, but more than half the ewes had already ovulated in December in the other experiment, perhaps because they were much heavier. Both group's showed marked increases in ovulation rate as their breeding seasons progressed.

scholarly journals Evidence for use of both capital and income breeding strategies in the mangrove tree crab, Aratus pisonii

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jade Carver ◽  
Morgan Meidell ◽  
Zachary J. Cannizzo ◽  
Blaine D. Griffen
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Income Breeding ◽  
Aratus Pisonii ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Capital And Income Breeding

AbstractTwo common strategies organisms use to finance reproduction are capital breeding (using energy stored prior to reproduction) and income breeding (using energy gathered during the reproductive period). Understanding which of these two strategies a species uses can help in predicting its population dynamics and how it will respond to environmental change. Brachyuran crabs have historically been considered capital breeders as a group, but recent evidence has challenged this assumption. Here, we focus on the mangrove tree crab, Aratus pisonii, and examine its breeding strategy on the Atlantic Florida coast. We collected crabs during and after their breeding season (March–October) and dissected them to discern how energy was stored and utilized for reproduction. We found patterns of reproduction and energy storage that are consistent with both the use of stored energy (capital) and energy acquired (income) during the breeding season. We also found that energy acquisition and storage patterns that supported reproduction were influenced by unequal tidal patterns associated with the syzygy tide inequality cycle. Contrary to previous assumptions for crabs, we suggest that species of crab that produce multiple clutches of eggs during long breeding seasons (many tropical and subtropical species) may commonly use income breeding strategies.

Quo Vadis Tyrannosaurus?: The Future of Dinosaur Studies

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Chure
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The Other ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quo Vadis

“Although I work a lot with fossils in my own research on fishes, I do not care to be called a paleontologist; and I am turned off by many aspects of the public-relations hoopla surrounding paleontology, especially dinosaurs…. One could easily argue that the schools' fascination with dinosaurs might also detract from the other aspects of earth science and biological science and, in the end, weaken paleontology's image as an activity for hard-nosed grown-ups.”K.S. Thomson, 1985: p. 73“Let dinosaurs be dinosaurs. Let the Dinosauria stand proudly alone, a Class by itself. They merit it. And let us squarely face the dinosaurness of birds and the birdness of the Dinosauria. When the Canada geese honk their way northward, we can say: “The dinosaurs are migrating, it must be spring!”R.T. Bakker, 1986: p. 462It is a now oft-repeated statement that we are in the Second Golden Age of dinosaur studies. This may at first seem to be yet another overstatement by dinosaur fanatics; in fact, it is substantiated on a number of fronts. Research activity is certainly at an all-time high, with resident dinosaur researchers on every continent (except Antarctica) and dinosaurs known from every continent (including Antarctica). This activity has resulted in a spate of discoveries, including not only new genera and species, but entirely new types of dinosaurs, such as the segnosaurs. Well-known groups are producing surprises, such as armored sauropods and sauropods bearing tail clubs. Good specimens of previously named genera are revealing unsuspected structural features that almost defy explanation, as in the skull of Oviraptor. However, dinosaur studies extend far beyond the traditional emphasis on dinosaur morphology, and encompass paleobiogeography, paleoecology, taphonomy, physiology, tracks, eggs, histology, and extinction, among others. In some cases, several of these studies can be applied to a single taxon or locality to give us a fairly detailed understanding of the paleobiology of some species.

scholarly journals Weather conditions explain reproductive success and advancement of the breeding season in Western Capercaillie ( Tetrao urogallus )

Ibis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Coppes ◽  
Jim‐Lino Kämmerle ◽  
Karl‐Eugen Schroth ◽  
Veronika Braunisch ◽  
Rudi Suchant
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Tetrao Urogallus
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