The morphology and cytochemistry of the blood leukocytes of Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempi)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1336-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Samuel Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Bright Field Microscopy ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase Activity

Blood leukocytes of Lepidochelys kempi were examined by bright-field microscopy and cytochemistry for the determination of glycogen, lipids, and several hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes. Mature large and small eosinophils and small lymphocytes were the principle leukocytes encountered; basophils were rarely seen, and neutrophils and monocytes were not demonstrated. The large eosinophils contained two types of granules and demonstrated periodic acid – Schiff (PAS) reactivity and some sudanophilia. The large eosinophils also possessed alkaline phosphatase, myeloperoxidase, adenosine triphosphatase, and some nonspecific esterase activity. The small eosinophils demonstrated acid phosphatase. No reactivity for β-glucuronidase, aryl-sulfatase, or for the oxidative enzymes, succinate, lactate, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases, or cytochrome oxidase, occurred in the large or small eosinophils. Small lymphocytes contained a few PAS-positive granules or intracellular particles; some nonspecific esterase activity but no reactivity for other hydrolytic or oxidative enzymes or for neutral lipids was observed.

The blood leukocytes of Bufo marinus: a light, phase-contrast, and histochemical study

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1445-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Samuel Cannon ◽  
H. W. Sampson ◽  
E. D. Kapes
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Blood leukocytes of Bufo marinus were studied by light and phase-contrast microscopy and histochemical techniques for the localization of glycogen, lipids, several basic proteins, and a number of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes. The hydrolytic enzymes occurred in varying amounts in neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes; neutrophils were the only leukocytes to demonstrate alkaline phosphatase activity, while β-glucuronidase was only seen in lymphocytes, and aryl-sulfatase was not observed in any leukocytes. Periodic acid – Schiff (PAS) positive granules also occurred in varying amounts in leukocytes. Slight lipid activity was only seen in neutrophils, while arginine, and (or) lysine, and tyrosine reactivity was only observed in eosinophils. The appearance and histochemical reactivity of acid phosphatase granules in neutrophils corresponded closely with the appearance and number of specific neutrophilic granules seen in Wright–Giemsa preparations and with the PAS-positive granules. Small lymphocytes were myeloperoxidase (peroxidase) negative; β-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, and PAS-positive granules corresponded to neutral red granules seen in supravital films. The oxidative enzymes also occurred in differing amounts in leukocytes, but strongly suggested that the leukocytes of Bufo marinus are capable of some degree of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.

The blood leukocytes of Bufo alvarius: a light, phase-contrast, and histochemical study

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Samuel Cannon ◽  
A. M. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Aryl Sulfatase

Blood leukocytes of Bufo alvarius were studied by light and phase-contrast microscopy and histochemical techniques for the localization of glycogen and several hydrolytic enzymes, i.e., acid and alkaline phosphatases, nonspecific esterase, beta-glucuronidase, aryl-sulfatase, and myeloperoxidase (peroxidase). Neutrophils were the only leukocytes to demonstrate alkaline phosphatase activity, while beta-glucuronidase and aryl-sulfatase were not observed in any leukocytes. Periodic acid – Schiff (PAS) positive granules and granules containing hydrolytic enzymes occurred in varying amounts in leukocytes. In eosinophils, most glycogen was associated with smaller granules, while the larger refractile granules were PAS negative. Small lymphocytes were myeloperoxidase (peroxidase) negative. The present study agrees with previous investigations in mammals which indicate that specific granules in granulocytes may be PAS positive as well as contain one or more hydrolytic enzymes. In small lymphocytes of B. alvarius, PAS positive and acid phosphatase positive granules correspond to neutral red granules seen in supravital films. Furthermore, the appearance and histochemical reactivity of acid phosphatase granules in mature neutrophils, metamyelocytes, and late myelocytes correspond closely with the appearance and number of specific neutrophilic granules seen in Wright–Giemsa preparations and with PAS positive granules.

scholarly journals Activity of alkaline phosphatase, acidic phosphatase and nonspecific esterase in the oviducts of puerperal ewes after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Valocky ◽  
J. Legath ◽  
L. Lenhardt ◽  
G. Lazar ◽  
F. Novotny
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Enzymatic System ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase Activity ◽  
Observation Period

The objective of this study was to examine the alkaline, acidic phosphatase and nonspecific esterase activity in the epithelial cells of oviducts after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at the time of puerperium. PCBs were administered in the last days of pregnancy and during early puerperium. Animals in the experimental group were exposed to Delor 105 at a dose of 100 &mu;g/kg/day and were euthanised on Day 17 postpartum (<i>n</i> = 4), i.e. 5 days after the termination of 30-day PCB administration; on Day 25 postpartum (<i>n</i> = 5), i.e. 17 days from the last PCB administration and on Day 34 postpartum (<i>n</i> = 5), which corresponded to Day 28 from the completion of PCB administration. Ewes in the control group were euthanised on Day 17 (<i>n</i> = 3), Day 25 (<i>n</i> = 4) and Day 34 (<i>n</i> = 4) postpartum. The authors demonstrated the inhibitory effect of PCB on the enzymatic system of the oviduct during the puerperal period. The alkaline phosphatase, acidic phosphatase and nonspecific esterase activity in the oviductal epithelial cells during a 34-day observation period exhibited a rising trend (<i>P</i> < 0.001 vs. <i>P</i> < 0.001 vs. <i>P</i> < 0.01) in the control group of animals. Experimental animals exposed to the 30-day PCB administration (Delor 105) showed a stagnant tendency (<i>P</i> > 0.05) in alkaline phosphatase while acidic phosphatase and nonspecific esterase activity (<i>P</i> > 0.05) dropped even below the level of their activity values in the control group. It is essential to continue to monitor the effect of pollutants in exposed industrial areas on reparative and regenerative processes in puerperium and their possible impact on reproductive performance.

scholarly journals Cloned mouse cells with natural killer function and cloned suppressor T cells express ultrastructural and biochemical features not shared by cloned inducer T cells.

1983 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Dvorak ◽  
S J Galli ◽  
J A Marcum ◽  
G Nabel ◽  
H der Simonian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Suppressor T Cells ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Plasma Membrane Receptors ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase Activity

We have examined the morphology, cytochemistry, and biochemistry of mouse leukocyte subsets by analyzing cloned leukocyte populations specialized to perform different immunologic functions. Cloned cells expressing high-affinity plasma membrane receptors for IgE and mediating natural killer (NK) lysis and cloned antigen-specific suppressor T cells contained prominent osmiophilic cytoplasmic granules similar by ultrastructure to those of mouse basophils. Both clones also incorporated 35SO4 into granule-associated sulfated glycosaminoglycans, expressed a characteristic ultrastructural pattern of nonspecific esterase activity, incorporated exogenous [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine, and contained cytoplasmic deposits of particulate glycogen. By contrast, cloned inducer T cells lacked cytoplasmic granules and glycogen, incorporated neither 35SO4 nor [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine, and differed from the other clones in pattern of nonspecific esterase activity. These findings establish that certain cloned cells with NK activity and cloned suppressor T cells express morphologic and biochemical characteristics heretofore associated with basophilic granulocytes. However, these clones differ in surface glycoprotein expression and immunologic function, and the full extent of the similarities and differences among these populations and basophils remains to be determined.

scholarly journals A QUANTITATIVE HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF INTESTINAL MUCOSA AFTER X-IRRADIATION

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. GALJAARD ◽  
J. BUYS ◽  
M. VAN DUUREN ◽  
J. GIESEN
Keyword(s):  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase Activity ◽  
Crypt Cells

The effect of low doses of x-irradiation (50-400 R) on the activity of various enzymes in rat intestinal epithelium has been investigated by histochemical staining methods and quantitative microchemical analyses of crypts and villi dissected from frozen-dried sections. Irradiation had no effect on the activities of enzymes which in nonirradiated animals are present exclusively or mainly in the villus epithelium (aminopeptidase, various phosphatases) or are evenly distributed along the epithelium of crypts and villi (various dehydrogenases). However, nonspecific esterase activity decreased markedly both in crypt epithelium and villus epithelium. This occurred 36 hr after irradiation, independent of the radiation dose. The number of crypt cells with reduced esterase activity and the duration of the effect increased with higher radiation doses. These results were confirmed by quantitative analyses which also showed that esterase activity is 5 times higher in the villus than in the crypt. The remarkable correspondance between the period of reduced esterase activity in the crypt and the period of increased proliferative activity after various radiation doses suggest a relationship between changes in crypt cell population dynamics and esterase activity; the functional consequences for the villus epithelium of changes in the crypt cells after irradiation are discussed.

POSTNATAL CHANGES OF ACTIVITY AND ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERN OF JEJUNAL AND ILEAL NONSPECIFIC ESTERASE AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE OF THE RAT: EFFECT OF ADRENALECTOMY

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1375-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pelichová ◽  
O. Koldovský ◽  
A. Heringová ◽  
V. Jirsová ◽  
J. Kraml
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Enzyme Specific Activity ◽  
E 600 ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase Activity ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

During postnatal development of the rat, the activity of nonspecific esterase (substrate, β-naphthyl acetate) in the jejunum and ileum increased. Electrophoresis showed that distribution of this enzyme was different in these two parts of the intestine in the suckling rat, whereas the zymogram was the same for both parts in the adult rat. In intact animals, the degree of inhibition of nonspecific esterase activity by 10−4 M eserin, 5 × 10−8 M di-ethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate (E.600), and 0.4 M NaCl was different, but there were no differences with any one inhibitor between the jejunum and the ileum of suckling and weanling rats. Adrenalectomy at 7 days of age did not influence the activity of the enzyme, but at 14 days of age it inhibited the rise of activity in jejunum and ileum. Adrenalectomy influenced the sensitivity of nonspecific esterase activity to inhibition by eserin and E.600. When cortisone was administered to adrenalectomized rats, certain characteristics of the enzyme (specific activity, sensitivity to various inhibitors, zymogram) were, in most case, comparable with those of preparations from normal controls.During postnatal development, the activity of alkaline phosphatase (substrate, β-naphthyl phosphate) in the jejunum showed practically no change, but in the ileum it decreased. Change in the zymogram was of the same type in both jejunum and ileum. Adrenalectomy at 7 days of age was followed by a fall in activity in the ileum that was apparent at 14 days of age, but the zymogram was not affected. Adrenalectomy on day 14 did not produce an apparent change by day 21, but there was retention of the earlier electrophoretic pattern. When cortisone was administered to adrenalectomized rats, certain characteristics of the enzyme (specific activity, zymogram) were comparable with those of preparations from normal controls.The results are discussed from the point of view of difference between the jejunum and ileum of suckling animals, and the influence of the adrenal glands.

scholarly journals Assessment of monocyte esterase activity by flow cytophotometry.

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
L S Kaplow ◽  
H Dauber ◽  
E Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Intracellular Enzyme ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Flow Cytophotometry ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase Activity

An azo dye supravital method has been devised for selectively staining human monocytes in suspension for nonspecific esterase activity. Stained cells can be identified and rapidly enumerated by presenting the suspension of stained cells to the Cytograf, a flow-through cell discriminating cytophotometer. The intensity of stain is proportional to the intracellular esterase activity. By analysis of the oscilloscope display, it has been possible to obtain relative data concerning the degree of activity of monocyte nonspecific esterase activity. These observations suggest a unique approach to the measurement of intracellular enzyme activity in selected cells in a mixed population.

Demonstration of activated macrophages in subgingival plaque and crevicular fluid samples from periodontal diseased sites

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1084-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hanker ◽  
E.J. Burkes ◽  
G. Greco ◽  
R. Scruggs ◽  
E. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Subgingival Plaque ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Macrophages are present in gingival tissues and they increase in gingivitis and periodontitis. In vitro studies have shown that gram-negative bacterial endotoxin increases the bone resorption activity of macrophages. The activation of macrophages in vitro by substances such as lymphokines, complement, group A streptococcal wall substances, histamine and immune complexes which are present in subgingival plaque or periodontal tissues has also been shown. Intense staining of activated macrophages for acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase has been observed in tissue sections of inflamed gingiva (cf. 4,9). Although macrophages have also been observed in crevicular fluid and subgingival plaques from normal sites, their numbers, enzyme activities or activation have not previously been studied in crevicular fluid and subgingival plaques from diseased sites. All of the following studies were performed on samples obtained by noninvasive procedures and smeared on coverslips. After cytochemical procedures which produced visible and electron opaque stains on replicate coverslips, correlative light and scanning electron microscopy by SEI and BEI modes permitted identification of cell types and some bacterial pathogens. The PATS reaction, a variation of the periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) reaction that employs stepwise condensation with thiocarbohydrazide and silver methenamine to achieve staining and electron opacity, has been found useful by us for positively staining gram-negative bacteria including spirochetes in crevicular fluid and subgingival plaques from periodontal patients. Neutrophils were intensely stained due to their glycogen content. Larger glycogen positive cells, frequently highly vacuolated, were also present; they appeared to be activated macrophages (Figs. 1-3).

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