Recent observations of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Japanese waters off Ogasawara and Okinawa

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Darling ◽  
K. Mori
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Individual Behavior ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Mariana Islands ◽  
Northern Mariana Islands ◽  
Japanese Waters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The current status of humpback whales in waters off Ogasawara and Okinawa islands, Japan, and the relationship of these populations to each other and to humpback whales in the central-eastern North Pacific were investigated. Fluke-identification photographs collected from 1987 to 1990 were analyzed to estimate abundance and determine individual behavior patterns, and were compared with humpback photoidentifications from other regions. In total, 177 humpbacks were identified. At the end of the study period the rate of discovery of "new" whales was still high, suggesting a substantially larger overall population. Whales were commonly sighted throughout the Ogasawara archipelago from December to May, and were present during the same period near the Kerama Islands, Okinawa. Humpback whales were not regularly seen near Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands, or near Kenting, Taiwan. Repeat sightings of individuals indicate that some whales were present for extended periods off Ogasawara. The predominant behavior patterns were those related to calving and mating. Two whales were identified in both the Okinawa and Ogasawara regions in different years, suggesting that both regions are used by the same population. Identification of one whale in both Japan and Hawaii (reported elsewhere) indicates the potential for mixing of western and eastern North Pacific humpback populations; the overall matching effort to date suggests that this interchange is relatively small.

COVID-19 in children: Pathogenesis and current status

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Frenkel ◽  
Fernando Gomez ◽  
Joseph A Bellanti
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Initial Description ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Since its initial description in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly progressed into a worldwide pandemic, which has affected millions of lives. Unlike the disease in adults, the vast majority of children with COVID-19 have mild symptoms and are largely spared from severe respiratory disease. However, thereare children who have significant respiratory disease, and some may develop a hyperinflammatory response similar to thatseen in adults with COVID-19 and in children with Kawasaki disease (KD), which has been termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).Objective: The purpose of this report was to examine the current evidence that supports the etiopathogenesis of COVID-19 in children and the relationship of COVID-19 with KD and MIS-C as a basis for a better understanding of the clinical course, diagnosis, and management of these clinically perplexing conditions.Results: The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is carried out in two distinct but overlapping phases of COVID-19: the first triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) itself and the second by the host immune response. Children with KD have fewer of the previously described COVID-19–associated KD features with less prominent acute respiratory distress syndrome and shock than children with MIS-C.Conclusion: COVID-19 in adults usually includes severe respiratory symptoms and pathology, with a high mortality. Ithas become apparent that children are infected as easily as adults but are more often asymptomatic and have milder diseasebecause of their immature immune systems. Although children are largely spared from severe respiratory disease, they canpresent with a SARS-CoV-2–associated MIS-C similar to KD.

scholarly journals Avoidant Personality Disorder, Traits, and Type

2012 ◽  
pp. 548-565
Author(s):  
Charles A. Sanislow ◽  
Katelin da Cruz ◽  
May O. Gianoli ◽  
Elizabeth Reagan
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Interpersonal Style ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Avoidant Personality Disorder ◽  
Optimal Organization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this chapter, the evolution of the avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) diagnosis, its current status, and future possibilities are reviewed. AVPD is a chronic and enduring condition involving a poor sense of self and anxiety in social situations, and it is marked by fears of rejection and a distant interpersonal stance. AVPD may be conceptualized at the severe end of a continuum of social anxiety. In the extreme, traits, mechanisms, and symptoms become integral to chronic dysfunction in personality and interpersonal style. While AVPD is a valid diagnostic construct, the optimal organization of AVPD criteria for the diagnosis, and the relationship of avoidant personality traits to anxiety, remain to be determined.

scholarly journals HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: The Relationship of HIV Infection with Physical and Social Comorbidities

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Tedaldi ◽  
Nancy L. Minniti ◽  
Tracy Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The prevalence of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) will undoubtedly increase with the improved longevity of HIV-infected persons. HIV infection, itself, as well as multiple physiologic and psychosocial factors can contribute to cognitive impairment and neurologic complications. These comorbidities confound the diagnosis, assessment, and interventions for neurocognitive disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of several key comorbid factors that may contribute significantly to the development and progression of HIV-related neurocognitive impairment, as well as the current status of diagnostic strategies aimed at identifying HIV-infected individuals with impaired cognition and future research priorities and challenges.

scholarly journals Interchange and movements of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) between western North Pacific winter breeding grounds in northern Luzon, Philippines and Okinawa, Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Jo Marie Acebes ◽  
Haruna Okabe ◽  
Nozomi Kobayashi ◽  
Shotaro Nakagun ◽  
Naoto Higashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Distinct Population Segment ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Population Segment ◽  
Winter Breeding

Humpback whales wintering in the northern Philippines and Okinawa, Japan, belong to the western North Pacific subpopulation, now recognised as a distinct population segment. The numbers for this subpopulation are low hence it is being proposed to be listed as endangered. Although previous research revealed movements between breeding grounds, the relationship between these areas remain little understood. Recent survey efforts in the Philippines resulted in a total of 234 photo-identified individuals from 1999-2016 while Okinawa had 1,445 from 1991-2014. Within the seasons a total of 100 matches were found between the two breeding grounds including 38 males and 24 females while the rest were unknown. Within these matches, eight individuals were recorded moving within seasons, including two individuals moving across seasons multiple times. The two whales were both males, where one was recorded in both breeding grounds in three different seasons (2005, 2008 and 2012). The shortest duration of recorded sightings between grounds was one whale seen in the Philippines in late March 2012 and in Okinawa 13 days later. More females with calves were sighted in the Philippines than in Okinawa and this may indicate the Philippines as a preferred nursing ground.

scholarly journals The Difference of Sea Level Variability by Steric Height and Altimetry in the North Pacific

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Qianran Zhang ◽  
Fangjie Yu ◽  
Ge Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Sea Level Variability ◽  
The North ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Along Track ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The North Pacific

Sea level variability, which is less than ~100 km in scale, is important in upper-ocean circulation dynamics and is difficult to observe by existing altimetry observations; thus, interferometric altimetry, which effectively provides high-resolution observations over two swaths, was developed. However, validating the sea level variability in two dimensions is a difficult task. In theory, using the steric method to validate height variability in different pixels is feasible and has already been proven by modelled and altimetry gridded data. In this paper, we use Argo data around a typical mesoscale eddy and altimetry along-track data in the North Pacific to analyze the relationship between steric data and along-track data (SD-AD) at two points, which indicates the feasibility of the steric method. We also analyzed the result of SD-AD by the relationship of the distance of the Argo and the satellite in Point 1 (P1) and Point 2 (P2), the relationship of two Argo positions, the relationship of the distance between Argo positions and the eddy center and the relationship of the wind. The results showed that the relationship of the SD-AD can reach a correlation coefficient of ~0.98, the root mean square deviation (RMSD) was ~1.8 cm, the bias was ~0.6 cm. This proved that it is feasible to validate interferometric altimetry data using the steric method under these conditions.

COVID-19 in children: Pathogenesis and current status

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Frenkel ◽  
Fernando Gomez ◽  
Joseph A. Bellanti
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Initial Description ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Since its initial description in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly progressed into a worldwide pandemic, which has affected millions of lives. Unlike the disease in adults, the vast majority of children with COVID-19 have mild symptoms and are largely spared from severe respiratory disease. However, there are children who have significant respiratory disease, and some may develop a hyperinflammatory response similar to that seen in adults with COVID-19 and in children with Kawasaki disease (KD), which has been termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Objective: The purpose of this report was to examine the current evidence that supports the etiopathogenesis of COVID-19 in children and the relationship of COVID-19 with KD and MIS-C as a basis for a better understanding of the clinical course, diagnosis, and management of these clinically perplexing conditions. Results: The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is carried out in two distinct but overlapping phases of COVID-19: the first triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) itself and the second by the host immune response. Children with KD have fewer of the previously described COVID-19‐associated KD features with less prominent acute respiratory distress syndrome and shock than children with MIS-C. Conclusion: COVID-19 in adults usually includes severe respiratory symptoms and pathology, with a high mortality. It has become apparent that children are infected as easily as adults but are more often asymptomatic and have milder disease because of their immature immune systems. Although children are largely spared from severe respiratory disease, they can present with a SARS-CoV-2‐associated MIS-C similar to KD.

Mutual Gains From Eurasian Railway Connectivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150012
Author(s):  
Richard Pomfret
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Rail Freight ◽  
Multiple Routes ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Economic Foundation ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rail Services

This paper analyzes the relationship between Eurasian rail services (especially the China–EU services that have flourished since 2011) and the overland “Belt” part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The initial market-driven stimulus was from car and electronics firms linking their East Asian and European production networks, and the establishment of Eurasian value chains remains an important theme. As regular rail freight services between China and Europe became more frequent, between more termini and offering more ancillary services, trade costs were reduced along the BRI Belt with mutual benefits for Asian and European countries. The paper first documents the growth and current status of the overland rail freight services; the sound economic foundation for the rail services and the continued growth of traffic during the COVID-19 pandemic indicate the sustainability of this part of the BRI. It then discusses the relationship of the Eurasian rail services to the wider BRI, emphasizing the importance of multiple routes and of connections to ports. Finally, the paper reviews the literature on the economic gains from improved rail connectivity and on the relationship between hard and soft infrastructure. The principal conclusion is that market-driven commercial incentives, public policies and the BRI have contributed to the success of the Belt mainlines and links to Indian Ocean ports are expected to integrate the currently separate Belt and Road.

Graphological Assessments for Personnel Selection: Concerns and Suggestions for Research

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anat Rafaeli ◽  
Amos Drory
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Handwriting Analysis ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Selection Research ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

There is an inconsistency between the spreading practice of graphology as a selection tool and the insufficient research support for the technique. The present paper identifies some major concerns about the current status of available knowledge on the employment of handwriting analysis for personnel selection. Drawing on the extensive psychological literature about personnel selection, personnel evaluation, and attribution processes, variables that may moderate the reliability and validity of script assessments are suggested. Four categories of such variables are identified: attributes of the writer, attributes of the graphologist, attributes of the job, and the organizational context. Conceptual and empirical methods for improving the psychometric properties of graphological assessments are suggested. And, the relationship of general problems in personnel-selection research to the use of graphology for personnel selection is discussed. The intent is to propose a research framework that will allow psychologists and managers to make valid judgments about the benefits, as well as limitations, of employing graphology in making personnel recommendations.

LAMPRITREMA NIPPONICUM YAMAGUTI (TREMATODA) FROM NEW HOSTS IN THE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN, THE RELATIONSHIP OF DISTOMUM MIESCHERI ZSCHOKKE, AND THE STATUS OF THE FAMILY LAMPRITREMATIDAE

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-950
Author(s):  
L. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The North Pacific

Lampritrema nipponicum is recorded from three new hosts in the North Pacific: Brama rayi (Bloch), Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), and Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum). Only immature specimens were found in the last two (evidently accidental) hosts. Distomum miescheri Zschokke is transferred to Lampritrema, becoming Lampritrema miescheri (Zschokke) nov. comb. This species possibly is identical with L. nipponicum. Lampritrematidae is considered a valid family, distinct from Hemiuridae sensu lato.

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