Daily energy requirements of beaver (Castor canadensis) in a simulated winter microhabitat

Daily energy expenditure, food consumption, and aquatic activity were investigated in beavers housed in a microhabitat designed to simulate winter field conditions. Beavers consumed an average of 0.52 kg/day of woody forage, representing an estimated gross energy intake of 6547 kJ/day. Animals exhibited a distinct daily rhythm in metabolic rate, which averaged 2.87 W/kg, or 1.7 times the basal rate previously reported for beaver. Beavers spent an average of 140.5 min, or about 10%, of each 24-h measurement period in water. Mean daily energy expenditure was 3880 kJ/day, and was independent of both the cumulative immersion time and the frequency of aquatic excursions per day (P > 0.05). Based on previous estimates of the energy content and digestibility of forage cached prior to freeze-up, it is unlikely that the winter energy requirements of this species can be met solely from the submerged food cache.

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Seasonal Energetics of Mountain Chickadees and Juniper Titmice

The Condor ◽

10.1093/condor/102.3.635 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 102 (3) ◽

pp. 635-644 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sheldon J. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Breeding Season ◽

Basal Metabolic Rate ◽

Energy Requirements ◽

Daily Energy Expenditure ◽

Poecile Gambeli ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Metabolic Data ◽

Mountain Chickadees

Abstract I used behavioral, meteorological, and laboratory metabolism data to calculate daily energy expenditure (DEE) in seasonally acclimatized Mountain Chickadees (Poecile gambeli) and Juniper Titmice (Baeolophus griseus). Analyses of laboratory metabolic data revealed that foraging energy requirements were not significantly higher than alert perching energy requirements. Respective DEE of chickadees and titmice were 48.8 kJ day−1 and 48.3 kJ day−1 in summer and 66.3 kJ day−1 and 98.7 kJ day−1 in winter. DEE as a multiple of basal metabolic rate (BMR) was 2.31 in summer chickadees and 1.91 in summer titmice. DEE was 2.70 times BMR in winter chickadees and 3.43 times BMR in winter titmice. The marked increase in calculated DEE in winter birds compared to summer is in contrast to a pattern of increased DEE in the breeding season for several avian species. These data suggest that winter may be a period of even greater stringency for small birds than previously believed.

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The Assessment of Daily Energy Expenditure of Commercial Saturation Divers Using Doubly Labelled Water

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.687605 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Sanjoy K. Deb ◽

Eimear Dolan ◽

Catherine Hambly ◽

John R. Speakman ◽

Olav Eftedal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Dive Depth ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Daily Energy Expenditure ◽

Doubly Labelled Water ◽

Work Activity ◽

Daily Energy ◽

The Mean ◽

Measurement Period

Commercial saturation divers are exposed to unique environmental conditions and are required to conduct work activity underwater. Consequently, divers’ physiological status is shown to be perturbed and therefore, appropriate strategies and guidance are required to manage the stress and adaptive response. This study aimed to evaluate the daily energy expenditure (DEE) of commercial saturation divers during a 21-day diving operation in the North Sea. Ten saturation divers were recruited during a diving operation with a living depth of 72 metres seawater (msw) and a maximum working dive depth of 81 msw. Doubly labelled water (DLW) was used to calculate DEE during a 10-day measurement period. Energy intake was also recorded during this period by maintaining a dietary log. The mean DEE calculated was 3030.9 ± 513.0 kcal/day, which was significantly greater than the mean energy intake (1875.3 ± 487.4 kcal; p = 0.005). There was also a strong positive correction correlation between DEE and total time spent performing underwater work (r = 0.7, p = 0.026). The results suggested saturation divers were in a negative energy balance during the measurement period with an intraindividual variability in the energy cost present that may be influenced by time spent underwater.

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From individual variation in energy intakes...to variations in energy requirements and adaptations to them

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114500020055 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 78 (s2) ◽

pp. S81-S94 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gail R. Goldberg

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Extreme Values ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Energy Requirements ◽

Daily Energy Expenditure ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Women And Children ◽

The Individual

Dr Widdowson and Professor McCance always expressed a great deal of interest in the inter-individual variability in their scientific data considering that extreme values often provided the most revealing results. Their interest developed as a result of Dr Widdowson’s studies of the individual diets of men, women and children conducted in the 1930s; she later used the phrase ‘nutritional individuality’ to describe between-individual variability in intake and expenditure (Widdowson, 1962). This paper continues Dr Widdowson’s theme of individual variability. It focuses on recent data which describe between-individual differences in daily energy expenditure, particularly the extremes, and also on the insights these have given into the measurements of energy intake (EI).

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On the intraspecific variability in basal metabolism and the food habits hypothesis in birds

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/czoolo/56.6.759 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 759-766 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

F. Bozinovic ◽

P. Sabat

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Food Habits ◽

Energy Content ◽

Intraspecific Variability ◽

Daily Energy Expenditure ◽

Adaptive Responses ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Quality Diet ◽

Low Mass ◽

Stressful Environments

Abstract The food habits hypothesis (FHH) stands as one of the most striking and often-cited interspecific patterns to emerge from comparative studies of endothermic energetics. The FHH identifies three components of diet that potentially produce variability in mass-independent BMR, i.e. food quality, food availability, and food predictability or environmental productivity. The hypothesis predicts that species with diets of low energy content and/or low digestibility should evolve low mass-independent BMRs. The effects of food habits on BMR have been widely investigated at the interspecific level, but the variation between individuals and populations has been largely ignored. Our focus is to compare predictions derived from interspecific studies with data collected from within-species studies to explore the mechanisms and functional significance of adaptive responses predicted by the food-habits hypothesis among birds. We conclude that if BMR is correlated with daily energy expenditure, then organisms that can lower BMR will reduce daily energy expenditure and hence, food requirements. Birds that lower BMR in stressful environments may increase survival. Nevertheless, the mechanism (s) by which birds eating a low quality diet reduce BMR and whether lower BMR affects fitness remain to be determined.

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Estimating daily energy expenditure in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.3945/ajcn.113.069997 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 792-803 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Edward J Kasarskis ◽

Marta S Mendiondo ◽

Dwight E Matthews ◽

Hiroshi Mitsumoto ◽

Rup Tandan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Daily Energy Expenditure ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

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A new doubly labelled water anthropometry-based equation for prediction of total daily energy expenditure in older people from low- and middle-income countries

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1038/s41430-021-00886-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Heliodoro Alemán-Mateo ◽

Lesley Evelyn Antúnez-Roman ◽

Julián Esparza-Romero ◽

Mauro E. Valencia ◽

Julissa J. Salguero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Older People ◽

Daily Energy Expenditure ◽

Doubly Labelled Water ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Total Daily Energy Expenditure ◽

Low And Middle Income

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Flux hydriques et métabolisme énergétique dans un peuplement de Lacertidés des îles Kerkennah (Tunisie)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z88-082 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 555-561 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Roland Vernet ◽

Claude Grenot ◽

Saïd Nouira

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Daily Activity ◽

Water Flux ◽

Sympatric Species ◽

Doubly Labeled Water ◽

Daily Energy Expenditure ◽

Water Turnover ◽

Semiarid Environment ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Active Forager

Water flux and daily energy expenditure were measured with doubly labeled water (3HH18O) in two insectivorous sympatric species of Lacertidae of Kerkennah islands (Tunisia), Eremias olivieri (mean body mass: 1.1 g) and Acanthodactylus pardalis (4.5 g) in a semiarid environment. Water turnover and field metabolic rate of Eremias olivieri (174 μL H2O g−1 d−1 and 250 J g−1 d−1) were, respectively, 2.5 and 5 times higher than those of Acanthodactylus pardalis (70 μL H2O g−1 d−1 and 52 J g−1 d−1). The water turnover of Eremias olivieri is one of the highest known among insectivorous lizards, and the daily energy expenditure of Acanthodactylus pardalis one of the lowest. The most plausible explanations are the differences in the size of the prey eaten by each species at this time of the season and in the duration of daily activity; the daily activity of Acanthodactylus pardalis is short (4.5 h d−1) although it is a sit-and-wait predator, whereas Eremias olivieri is active regularly every day for a longer period (7.5 h d−1) although it is an active forager. The high values of water turnover in Eremias olivieri suggest that food is not the only source of water for lizards in this particular insular environment.

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Impacts of vigorous and non-vigorous activity on daily energy expenditure

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1079/pns2003279 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 645-650 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Klaas R. Westerterp

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Size ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

High Intensity ◽

Activity Level ◽

Daily Energy Expenditure ◽

Activity Intensity ◽

Daily Energy

Activity intensity is a potential determinant of activity-induced energy expenditure. Tri-axial accelerometery is the most objective measurement technique for the assessment of activity intensity, in combination with doubly-labelled water for the measurement of energy expenditure under free-living conditions. Data on the effects of subject characteristics, including body size and age, and exercise training on the relationship between activity intensity and daily energy expenditure are reviewed. Average daily metabolic rate and non-basal energy expenditure are positively related to body size. The duration and intensity of physical activities do not need to be equivalent to the energy spent on activity. Obese subjects spend more energy on physical activity but can perform fewer activities, especially high-intensity (weight-bearing) activities, because of their higher body weight. Physical activity generally declines gradually from about 60 years of age onwards. Most subjects >80 years have an activity level well below the level defined for sedentary middle-aged adults. Spending relatively more time on low-intensity activities has a negative effect on the mean physical activity level. To obtain a higher physical activity level does not necessarily imply high-intensity activities. In an average subject 25% of the activity-induced energy expenditure may be attributed to high-intensity activities. Exercise training, as a form of high-intensity activity, affects the physical activity level more in younger subjects than in elderly subjects.

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