scholarly journals The Assessment of Daily Energy Expenditure of Commercial Saturation Divers Using Doubly Labelled Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjoy K. Deb ◽  
Eimear Dolan ◽  
Catherine Hambly ◽  
John R. Speakman ◽  
Olav Eftedal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dive Depth ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Measurement Period

Commercial saturation divers are exposed to unique environmental conditions and are required to conduct work activity underwater. Consequently, divers’ physiological status is shown to be perturbed and therefore, appropriate strategies and guidance are required to manage the stress and adaptive response. This study aimed to evaluate the daily energy expenditure (DEE) of commercial saturation divers during a 21-day diving operation in the North Sea. Ten saturation divers were recruited during a diving operation with a living depth of 72 metres seawater (msw) and a maximum working dive depth of 81 msw. Doubly labelled water (DLW) was used to calculate DEE during a 10-day measurement period. Energy intake was also recorded during this period by maintaining a dietary log. The mean DEE calculated was 3030.9 ± 513.0 kcal/day, which was significantly greater than the mean energy intake (1875.3 ± 487.4 kcal; p = 0.005). There was also a strong positive correction correlation between DEE and total time spent performing underwater work (r = 0.7, p = 0.026). The results suggested saturation divers were in a negative energy balance during the measurement period with an intraindividual variability in the energy cost present that may be influenced by time spent underwater.

Regulatory alterations of daily energy expenditure induced by fasting or overfeeding in unrestrained rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shibata ◽  
L. J. Bukowiecki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum

The consequences of fasting or overfeeding during 2 days on energy expenditure were investigated by continuously monitoring O2 consumption in unrestrained, unanesthetized rats. O2 consumption decreased by 15% on the 1st day of fasting and then by an additional 15% on the 2nd day. On the 3rd day, when rats were fed again, energy intake increased by 30% above control (prefasting) values, whereas energy expenditure rapidly increased but no more than control values. On the other hand, when ad libitum fed animals were offered a sucrose solution (32%) for 2 days, energy intake increased by 30% and energy expenditure by 9–12%. On the 3rd day, when the rats were fed with their normal diet, energy intake significantly decreased under control (preoverfeeding) values during one day, but energy expenditure rapidly returned to normal values. The results show that fasting decreases, whereas hyperphagia increases 24-h energy expenditure during the treatments. When the treatments are terminated, energy expenditure rapidly returns to normal values, but fasting induces a postfasting increase of energy intake (during 2 days), whereas hyperphagia, on the contrary, results in a transient decrease of appetite. This indicates that alterations of food intake induce compensatory changes of energy expenditure during the treatments, but that after the treatments, energy balance is normalized via regulatory adjustments in the ratio of energy expenditure over energy intake.

scholarly journals Accelerometry predicts daily energy expenditure in a bird with high activity levels

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20120919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle H. Elliott ◽  
Maryline Le Vaillant ◽  
Akiko Kato ◽  
John R. Speakman ◽  
Yan Ropert-Coudert
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Uria Lomvia ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Parsimonious Model

Animal ecology is shaped by energy costs, yet it is difficult to measure fine-scale energy expenditure in the wild. Because metabolism is often closely correlated with mechanical work, accelerometers have the potential to provide detailed information on energy expenditure of wild animals over fine temporal scales. Nonetheless, accelerometry needs to be validated on wild animals, especially across different locomotory modes. We merged data collected on 20 thick-billed murres ( Uria lomvia ) from miniature accelerometers with measurements of daily energy expenditure over 24 h using doubly labelled water. Across three different locomotory modes (swimming, flying and movement on land), dynamic body acceleration was a good predictor of daily energy expenditure as measured independently by doubly labelled water ( R 2 = 0.73). The most parsimonious model suggested that different equations were needed to predict energy expenditure from accelerometry for flying than for surface swimming or activity on land ( R 2 = 0.81). Our results demonstrate that accelerometers can provide an accurate integrated measure of energy expenditure in wild animals using many different locomotory modes.

scholarly journals Energy Intake and Total Daily Energy Expenditure Assessed by Subjective and Objective Methods in Older Individuals from a Tropical Setting in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 623-623
Author(s):  
Luiz Dos Anjos ◽  
Bruna Silva ◽  
Vivian Wahrlich
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Objective Method ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Subjective Method ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Total Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Objectives To assess different methods of estimating energy balance (EB) and its components in a sample of older people (age ≥ 60 years) living in a tropical city in Brazil. Methods EB was calculated in 85 older individuals (69 women) as the difference between energy intake (EI), obtained by three 24-hour dietary recalls on nonconsecutive days, and total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) estimated by 24-hour physical activity recalls (24hPAR, subjective method) and accelerometry (ACC, objective method) on the same days. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was estimated by a validated local predictive equations derived from a sample of healthy adults from the same city and by international equations (Schofield). Resting energy expenditure (MET) was also estimated by local predictive equation and the conventional value of 3.5 mL.kg−1.min−1. Anthropometry and % body fat (DXA) assessment was also obtained. Results Mean (SD) age was 69.0 (5.5) years with a mean BMI of 26.7 (4.4) kg.m−2 and %BF of 39.4 (7.9). BMR from locally-derived equations (1050.7 ± 188.7 kcal.day−1) was significantly lower than BMR estimated by the Schofield's equation (1286.5 ± 145.3 kcal.day−1). Likewise, predicted MET was significantly lower than the conventional value. Despite the high prevalence of overweight (66% with BMI ≥ 25 kg.m−2), EB was always negative for the 24hPAR method (−863.5 ± 799.5 kcal.day−1) but positive (252.1 ± 726.6 kcal.day−1) with the ACC method when MET was calculated with population-specific equations. EB estimated by ACC was also negative (−122.7 ± 781.0 kcal.day−1) using the conventional MET value. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that EB is negative when the subjective method of TDEE estimation is used but becomes positive with the objective method. It is also evident that BMR and MET equations derived from samples of the population of interest may help improve the final estimates of TDEE and EB in older adults. Funding Sources CNPq (310,461/2016–20 and 485,168/2011–1) and FAPERJ (E-26/111.496/2011; E-26/202.514/2018; E-26/203.068/2017).

Daily energy requirements of beaver (Castor canadensis) in a simulated winter microhabitat

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2131-2135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin P. Dyck ◽  
Robert A. MacArthur
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Food Cache ◽  
Measurement Period

Daily energy expenditure, food consumption, and aquatic activity were investigated in beavers housed in a microhabitat designed to simulate winter field conditions. Beavers consumed an average of 0.52 kg/day of woody forage, representing an estimated gross energy intake of 6547 kJ/day. Animals exhibited a distinct daily rhythm in metabolic rate, which averaged 2.87 W/kg, or 1.7 times the basal rate previously reported for beaver. Beavers spent an average of 140.5 min, or about 10%, of each 24-h measurement period in water. Mean daily energy expenditure was 3880 kJ/day, and was independent of both the cumulative immersion time and the frequency of aquatic excursions per day (P > 0.05). Based on previous estimates of the energy content and digestibility of forage cached prior to freeze-up, it is unlikely that the winter energy requirements of this species can be met solely from the submerged food cache.

Metabolic and behavioural consequences of the procedures of the doubly labelled water technique on white (MF1) mice

1991 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Speakman ◽  
P. A. Racey ◽  
A. M. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
General Activity ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Behavioural Repertoire

The effects of the doubly labelled water technique (intraperitoneal injection, temporary food deprivation and blood sampling) on the energy expenditure, food intake and behaviour of 18 white (MF1) mice was investigated. There were no significant differences in mean energy expenditure or food intake between experimental and control animals, on which the techniques were not performed, over the first 24 h after manipulation. These data indicate that there are no direct metabolic consequences associated with the procedures. During the 100 min immediately after blood sampling, the behaviour of experimental animals involved significantly more grooming, mostly at the site of the blood sample wound, more feeding and more general activity, at the expense of resting, when compared with controls. Twenty hours later the behavioural differences were less marked, but still statistically significantly different, and reversed: experimental animals spent more time resting and less in general activity or feeding. The effects of the technique on the behaviour of white mice had trivial consequences for their daily energy expenditure. This may reflect the restricted behavioural repertoire of these captive animals within respirometry chambers. The effect on wild animals may be more profound and requires investigation.

scholarly journals Total energy expenditure and energy intake in the pre-school child: a comparison

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. W. Davies ◽  
W. A. Coward ◽  
J. Gregory ◽  
A. White ◽  
A. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Relative Bias ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
The Mean

In a cohort (n 81) of healthy children aged 1.5–4.5 years, measurements of energy intake and energy expenditure were compared. Energy intake was calculated following a 4 d weighed record completed by the mother or guardian of the child. Total energy expenditure was measured using the doubly-labelled water technique. Mean energy intake and expenditure in the cohort were 4773 kJ/d and 4928 kJ/d respectively. The mean relative bias between the techniques was 154 kJ/d. In the older children (3.5–4.5 years) the mean relative bias was only 37 kJ/d. At the population level the measurements of energy intake and energy expenditure were extremely close, and the study has provided sufficient confidence in weighed intake methodology for it to be used in a major nationwide study of dietary intake and nutritional status of children aged 1.5–4.5 years.

Energy expenditure in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during spaceflight using doubly labeled water (2H2(18)O)

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Stein ◽  
M. A. Dotsenko ◽  
V. I. Korolkov ◽  
D. W. Griffin ◽  
C. A. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Ground Control ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
The Mean

The mean daily energy expenditure rates of three rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were determined during spaceflight on the joint US-Russian Cosmos 2044 and 2229 missions by the doubly labeled water (2H2(18)O) method. In-flight values were compared with ground data obtained from seven measurements taken from six chair-adapted control monkeys. The mean energy expenditure for the ground control determinations was 94.5 +/- 6.4 kcal.kg-1.day-1 (n = 6). The mean in-flight energy expenditure, 55.1 +/- 8.0 kcal.kg-1.day-1 (n = 3), was significantly less than the mean ground control value (P < 0.05). These data suggest that energy expenditure in restrained rhesus monkeys is significantly reduced during spaceflight.

The foraging behaviour and energetics of wandering albatrosses brooding chicks

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P.Y Arnould ◽  
D.R. Briggs ◽  
J.P. Croxall ◽  
P.A. Prince ◽  
A.G. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Diomedea Exulans ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Daily Energy

The energy expenditure of ten (five male, five female) wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans Linnaeus 1758) brooding chicks on Bird Island, South Georgia, was measured using doubly-labelled water. At-sea foraging behaviour was measured in the same individuals using satellite telemetry and leg-mounted activity recorders. Mean mass-specific daily energy expenditure was 341 kJ kg−1 day−1 during a mean of 4.12 days at sea and did not differ between the sexes. This is significantly lower than previously reported for the species and the lowest recorded for any albatross. There were no significant relationships between energy expenditure and the proportion of time spent flying (59.7%), distance flown (1448 km) or average speed (16.5 km h−1) suggesting that flying is not the most energetically expensive activity during foraging trips.

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