Field metabolic rate of blue grouse during winter

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Pekins ◽  
James A. Gessaman ◽  
Frederick G. Lindzey
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Field Metabolic Rate ◽  
Dendragapus Obscurus ◽  
Energetic Constraint ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Reduced Activity

We measured the field metabolic rate (FMR) of seven free-ranging and two captive blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) with doubly labeled water. Average carbon dioxide production (1.016 ± 0.088 L CO2∙kg−0.734∙h−1) of free-ranging grouse was 8% higher but not significantly different (P < 0.05) from captive grouse (0.944 ± 0.058 L CO2∙kg−0.734∙h−1). Ambient temperature was not correlated with FMR (P = 0.268). The mean fat content of free-ranging blue grouse was 39 g (3.4%), which was equal to the energy equivalent of about 3× daily standard metabolie rate (SMR). The FMR of free-ranging grouse averaged 657 ± 62 kJ/d or 1.6 × SMR. The FMRs of free-ranging blue grouse averaged about 25% below FMRs predicted from allometric equations; most were 35–40% below those predicted. We suggest that there is little energetic constraint on blue grouse during winter because they are able to maintain a positive energy balance by minimizing energy costs through effective thermoregulation, microhabitat selection, and reduced activity.

Water and energy balance of the thorny devil Moloch horridus: is the devil a sloth?

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Bradshaw ◽  
P.C. Withers
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy Turnover ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Field Metabolic Rate ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Devil ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractRates of turnover of water, energy and sodium were measured for free-ranging thorny devils (Moloch horridus), which are myrmecophagous agamid lizards, in a semi-arid Western Australian habitat. There were significant differences in body water content and water turnover rate (WTR) measurements for cool, wet, average and hot periods, although the field metabolic rate (FMR) and sodium turnover (NaTR) rate did not differ significantly between weather conditions. The thorny devil had a substantially lower field WTR during dry periods (10-15 ml kg-1 d-1) than expected for semi-arid and arid lizards, although the WTR was higher in wet conditions (30-35 ml kg-1 d-1). The field metabolic rate of thorny devils (0.134 ml CO2 g-1 h-1) was only slightly less than that expected for a semi-arid/lizard (0.178 ml CO2 g-1 h-1), despite the apparently slothful nature of the thorny devil. The sodium turnover rate of the thorny devil (1.5-2.5 mmol kg-1 d-1) was within the range reported for other semi-arid/arid lizards. The field metabolic rate of the thorny devils suggests that they consume about 750 ants per day. The ratio of water to energy turnover measured for thorny devils in the field (0.11 ml H2O kj-1) was the same as that predicted from the composition of ants and their digestibility by thorny devils (0.11 ml H2O kj-1). However, the ratios of sodium-to-energy turnover (30 μmol Na+ kj-1) and sodium-to-water turnover (277 μmol ml H2O-1) were substantially higher than expected ratios (10 and 89 respectively).

scholarly journals Effect of Group Size on Field Metabolic Rate of Arabian Babblers Provisioning Nestlings

The Condor ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avner Anava ◽  
Michael Kam ◽  
Amiram Shkolnik ◽  
A. Allan Degen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Field Metabolic Rate ◽  
Adult Body Mass ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Primary Male

Abstract Arabian Babblers (Turdoides squamiceps; adult body mass 65–75 g) are territorial, cooperatively breeding passerines that inhabit hot, dry deserts. Groups include breeding adults and helpers and generally consist of 3 to 5 individuals (range 2 to 22). All group members provision nestlings at similar rates, and individual visitation rates decline with increasing group size. Consequently, we predicted that the field metabolic rate (FMR) of individuals provisioning nestlings would decrease with increasing group size. To test this prediction, we determined FMR of primary female, primary male, female helper and male helper babblers in different sized groups provisioning nestlings. Field metabolic rate of primary females, but not other classes, decreased linearly with group size. This energy savings could allow primary females in larger groups to start a new nest more quickly. FMR for all babblers was 61% to 66% of the value predicted for a passerine of its body mass provisioning nestlings and was 3.11 × BMR, similar to the mean value of 3.13 × BMR reported for a number of terrestrial species.

Aquatic thermoregulation of captive and free-ranging beavers (Castor canadensis)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2409-2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. MacArthur ◽  
Alvin P. Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Abdominal cooling occurred in 91% of all aquatic excursions documented in free-ranging beavers during fall and winter. Kits aged 4–7 months cooled faster and spent less time foraging in 1–12 °C water than did animals > 1 year old. All beavers tested in the laboratory displayed abdominal cooling in 2–20 °C water, with maximal cooling rates recorded in a 5- to 7-week-old kit. Immersion in cold water induced strong peripheral cooling, though skin temperatures beneath the pelage remained within 4–5 °C of abdominal measurements. The resting metabolic rate of beavers > 1 year old was independent of water temperature between 19 and 31 °C, but increased proportionately at lower temperatures. Whole-body conductance of resting animals was on average 1.6–3.0 times higher in water than in air. Maximum testing metabolic rates in water varied from 1.8 to 2.4 times the mean resting thermoneutral rate in air. Our results suggest that beavers mitigate the thermogenic effort required in water by adopting a thermoregulatory strategy which combines avoidance of prolonged immersion with a tolerance to passive cooling.

scholarly journals Does the energy expenditure status in obstructive sleep apnea favour a positive energy balance?

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve C. Major ◽  
Frederic Series ◽  
Angelo Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Positive Energy Balance

Purpose: The effect of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on energy expenditure is controversial. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between 24-hr energy expenditure or sleeping metabolic rate and features of the obstructive sleep apnea. Methods: Twenty-four apneic men took part in this cross-sectional study and were classified in quartiles of nocturnal desaturation severity, i.e. of percentage total sleep time with SaO2 < 90% determined with polysomnography. 24-hr energy expenditure and sleeping metabolic rate were measured with a whole body indirect calorimetry (respiratory chamber), and body composition by hydrodensitometry. During the stay in the respiratory chamber, urine was collected to assess catecholamine concentration and percentage recording time with SaO2 < 90% (%TRT SaO2 < 90%) was measured with nocturnal oximetry. Results: Mean fat free mass and fat mass were greater in quartile 4 than in quartile 1 (P < 0.05). %TRT SaO2 < 90% was higher in quartile 4 than in other quartiles (P < 0.0001). 24-hr energy expenditure and sleeping metabolic rate were similar among quartiles. However, when expressed on a per kg body weight basis (kcal/kg), these variables were negatively correlated with the %TRT SaO2 < 90% in the whole group (r = -0.46 and -0.48, respectively, P < 0.05). %TRT SaO2 < 90% was found to be a predictor of sleeping metabolic rate which explained, together with fat mass and fat free mass, 86% of this variance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In apneic men energy expenditure relative to body weight decreases with increasing severity of oxygen desaturation which could favour a positive energy balance.

Field metabolic rate of wild turkeys in winter

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1075-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
R N Coup ◽  
P J Pekins
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Meleagris Gallopavo ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Field Metabolic Rate ◽  
Supplemental Food ◽  
Wild Turkeys ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Activity Costs

We investigated the winter bioenergetics of eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo sylvestris) by measuring standard metabolic rate (SMR) and existence metabolism (EM) of captive turkeys and field metabolic rate (FMR) of free-ranging turkeys. Mean SMR and EM were 0.511 ± 0.040 mL O2·g-1·h-1 and 499.7 ± 17.7 kJ·kg body mass-0.734·d-1 (mean ± SE) as measured by indirect respirometry and food consumption, respectively. FMR was measured with doubly labeled water and was 10.5% higher in juvenile (0.976 ± 0.039 L CO2·kg-0.734·h-1) than adult turkeys (0.883 ± 0.034 L CO2·kg-0.734·h-1); their FMR:SMR ratios were 1.74 and 1.58, respectively. Juvenile turkeys weighed less and had less body fat (13.5%) than adults (18.9%). Mean FMR was lowest in 1996, when ground forage was unavailable and weather was more windy and cold than in 1995, when ground forage was available and the turkeys' activity and range were greater. Turkeys reduced FMR in 1996 by restricting movement and range, and using proximate shelter and supplemental food. We predict that juvenile turkeys are at an energetic disadvantage when food availability is restricted because of their higher FMR, lower body and fat masses, and higher activity costs than adults.

Metabolism during normoxia, hyperoxia, and recovery in newborn rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Frappell ◽  
Andrea Dotta ◽  
Jacopo P. Mortola
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Oxygen Availability ◽  
Aerobic Metabolism ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Positive Effects

Aerobic metabolism (oxygen consumption, [Formula: see text], and carbon dioxide production, [Formula: see text]) has been measured in newborn rats at 2 days of age during normoxia, 30 min of hyperoxia (100% O2) and an additional 30 min of recovery in normoxia at ambient temperatures of 35 °C (thermoneutrality) or 30 °C. In normoxia, at 30 °C [Formula: see text] was higher than at 35 °C. With hyperoxia, [Formula: see text] increased in all cases, but more so at 30 °C (+20%) than at 35 °C (+9%). Upon return to normoxia, metabolism readily returned to the prehyperoxic value. The results support the concept that the normoxic metabolic rate of the newborn can be limited by the availability of oxygen. At temperatures below thermoneutrality the higher metabolic needs aggravate the limitation in oxygen availability, and the positive effects of hyperoxia on [Formula: see text] are therefore more apparent.Key words: neonatal respiration, oxygen consumption, thermoregulation.

scholarly journals The effect of breakfast on appetite regulation, energy balance and exercise performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Clayton ◽  
Lewis J. James
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
The Impact

The belief that breakfast is the most important meal of day has been derived from cross-sectional studies that have associated breakfast consumption with a lower BMI. This suggests that breakfast omission either leads to an increase in energy intake or a reduction in energy expenditure over the remainder of the day, resulting in a state of positive energy balance. However, observational studies do not imply causality. A number of intervention studies have been conducted, enabling more precise determination of breakfast manipulation on indices of energy balance. This review will examine the results from these studies in adults, attempting to identify causal links between breakfast and energy balance, as well as determining whether consumption of breakfast influences exercise performance. Despite the associations in the literature, intervention studies have generally found a reduction in total daily energy intake when breakfast is omitted from the daily meal pattern. Moreover, whilst consumption of breakfast supresses appetite during the morning, this effect appears to be transient as the first meal consumed after breakfast seems to offset appetite to a similar extent, independent of breakfast. Whether breakfast affects energy expenditure is less clear. Whilst breakfast does not seem to affect basal metabolism, breakfast omission may reduce free-living physical activity and endurance exercise performance throughout the day. In conclusion, the available research suggests breakfast omission may influence energy expenditure more strongly than energy intake. Longer term intervention studies are required to confirm this relationship, and determine the impact of these variables on weight management.

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