scholarly journals Relative particle yield fluctuations in $$\text{ Pb--Pb }$$ Pb--Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_\mathrm{{NN}}} =2.76\hbox { TeV}$$ s NN = 2.76 TeV

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Acharya ◽  
◽  
D. Adamová ◽  
J. Adolfsson ◽  
M. M. Aggarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Yield

scholarly journals Laser filament-induced aerosol formation

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4593-4604 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Saathoff ◽  
S. Henin ◽  
K. Stelmaszczyk ◽  
M. Petrarca ◽  
R. Delagrange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Production ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Oxygen Mixture ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Particle Yield ◽  
The Given ◽  
Terawatt Laser

Abstract. Using the aerosol and cloud simulation chamber AIDA, we investigated the laser filament induced particle formation in ambient air, humid synthetic air, humid nitrogen, argon–oxygen mixture, and pure argon in order to simulate the particle formation under realistic atmospheric conditions as well as to investigate the influence of typical gas-phase atmospheric constituents on the particle formation. Terawatt laser plasma filaments generated new particles in the size range 3 to 130 nm with particle production rates ranging from 1 × 107 to 5 × 109 cm−3 plasma s−1 for the given experimental conditions. In all cases the particle formation rates increased exponentially with the water content of the gas mixture. Furthermore, the presence of a few ppb of trace gases like SO2 and α-pinene clearly enhanced the particle yield by number, the latter also by mass. Our findings suggest that new particle formation is efficiently supported by oxidized species like acids generated by the photoionization of both major and minor components of the air, including N2, NH3, SO2 and organics.

Fragmentation of Magic‐Size Cluster Precursor Compounds into Ultrasmall CdS Quantum Dots with Enhanced Particle Yield at Low Temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (29) ◽  
pp. 12013-12021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijia Li ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Nelson Rowell ◽  
Chunchun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cds Quantum Dots ◽  
Cluster Precursor ◽  
Particle Yield

scholarly journals Recent developments in particle yield fluctuation measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Igor Altsybeev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Average Transverse Momentum ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Particle Yield ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Dynamical Fluctuations

In relativistic heavy-ion collisions, properties of the initial state and effects arising during evolution of the medium, such as a transition between the hadronic and partonic phases, should reflect themselves in event-by-event fluctuations of the number of produced particles. In this paper, recentmeasurements of several event-by-event observables, namely, dynamical fluctuations of relative particle yields and forwardbackward correlations of different types, are discussed. Also, new observables for forward-backward correlation studies are proposed: correlations between ratios of identified particle yields in two separated acceptance intervals and the correlation between the ratio in one interval and average transverse momentum in another.

Chemometric Evaluation of Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) Spectra for Characterization of Silver Nanowire Diameter and Yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Clifford S. Todd ◽  
Xiaoyun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Main Tool ◽  
Wire Diameter ◽  
Silver Nanowire ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Nanowire Diameter ◽  
Particle Yield ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

The main tool used for routine screening of silver nanowire diameter and wire-to-particle yield is ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The normalized absorbance near 500 nm is generally taken to correlate with wire yield (lower absorbance means fewer particles and higher wire yield). The location of the UV–Vis peak near 375 nm is generally believed to correlate with wire diameter. These qualitative assessments are of unknown uncertainty. Improved microscopy-based analysis of wire diameter distribution and wire yield had recently been developed and were used to characterize synthesis products in parallel with UV–Vis data collection. Here we present results of leveraging this quantitative wire yield and diameter distribution data to quantitatively calibrate the UV–Vis methods for characterizing wire diameter and yield. Chemometric analysis was also applied to this UV–Vis data set and resulted in statistically significant models that can predict average wire diameter and wire/particle yield slightly better than the univariate method.

scholarly journals Single extracellular vesicle analysis performed by imaging flow cytometry in contrast to NTA rigorously assesses the accuracy of urinary extracellular vesicle preparation techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Droste ◽  
Tobias Tertel ◽  
Stefanie Jeruschke ◽  
Robin Dittrich ◽  
Evangelia Kontopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Imaging Flow Cytometry ◽  
Particle Yield ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Ultra Filtration

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from several body fluids, including urine, appear as promising biomarkers. Within the last decade, numerous groups have compared the efficacy of EV preparation protocols. Frequently, the efficacy of EV preparation methods is judged by the recovery of particles as estimated by conventional nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) or other particle quantification devices. Here, at the example of different urinary EV (uEV) preparation methods, we determined the particle yield in obtained samples with conventional NTA, analyzed their EV content by imaging flow cytometry (IFCM) and quantified the intensity of TSG101 and the contaminant protein uromodulin (UMOD) in Western blots. Our results demonstrate a correlation among CD9-positive objects detected by IFCM and TSG101 Western blot intensities, while particle numbers as determined by NTA correlated with the amount of UMOD. Consequently, our results question the reliability of conventional NTA analyses for identifying the optimal EV preparation method. Here, in our method comparison, a combination of size exclusion chromatography followed by ultra-filtration showed the highest CD9-positive object and TSG101 protein recovery, and in relation to the number of CD9-positive objects, the lowest amount of UMOD contamination.

Optimization of Conditions for Calcium Lactate Nano-Particle Production by Chemical Precipitation

2012 ◽  
Vol 479-481 ◽  
pp. 314-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Liang Huang ◽  
Jiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Calcium Lactate ◽  
Nano Particle ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Particle Yield ◽  
Yield And Purity

In this paper, the optimization of conditions for calcium lactate nano-particle production by chemical precipitation by the orthogonal method was reported. The optimal conditions for enhancing yield and purity of calcium lactate were determined as: mixture ratio between lactic acid and Ca(OH)21.35:1, Ca(OH)20.46 mol•L-1, lactic acid 6 mol•L-1, reaction temperature 50 °C,reaction time 30 min, reaction mixing speed 500 r•min-1, mixture ratio between the volume of alcohol addition and total reaction 1:1. This optimization strategy lead to an calcium lactate nano-particle yield of 85% and the purity of 98%, which was considerably higher than that obtained in preliminary studied. The TEM images shown that the width of the calcium lactate was about 100 nm.

scholarly journals Particle-Yield Modification in Jetlike Azimuthal Dihadron Correlations in Pb-Pb Collisions atsNN=2.76  TeV

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Aamodt ◽  
B. Abelev ◽  
A. Abrahantes Quintana ◽  
D. Adamová ◽  
A. M. Adare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dihadron Correlations ◽  
Particle Yield

Pair-production in polychromatic light oscillating electric fields

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (08) ◽  
pp. 1650035
Author(s):  
Xinfang Song ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Libin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Theory ◽  
Pair Production ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Frequency Multiplication ◽  
Triple Frequency ◽  
Polychromatic Light ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
Particle Yield ◽  
Electron Positron Pair ◽  
Pair Production Process

Electron–positron pair-production process is observed in polychromatic light oscillating electric fields. A quantum kinetic theory is presented to obtain the pair-production rate and the momentum information. Oscillating structures of the particle yield and the odd–even structure of the momentum–frequency spectrum are depicted. The roles of the phase factor and the frequency multiplication are analyzed. We find the odd–even structures are remained in the triple-frequency field.

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