PARTICLE INDUCED X-RAY EMISSION STUDIES OF SOME INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. NOMITA DEVI ◽  
H. NANDAKUMAR SARMA ◽  
SANJIV KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bovine Liver ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Standard Reference Materials ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Emission Studies ◽  
Indian Medicinal Plants

Medicinal herbs have been used from antiquity by humanity. This paper discusses the elemental composition and concentration of ten Indian medicinal plants investigated by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique. The accuracy and precision of the technique were assured by analyzing three Certified Standard Reference Materials-cabbage (GBW 08504, China), wheat flour (NIST-8436) and bovine liver (NIST-1577b). The elements K , Ca , Mn , Fe , Cu and Zn were found to be present in all the samples in varying concentrations. No toxic heavy metals such as As , Pb and Hg were detected in the studied plants. The range of the elemental concentrations in dry weight has been found to vary from 4.69 × 104 mg/kg to 1.81 mg/kg in the plants. The results also show that these plants contain elements of vital importance in man's metabolism and that are needed for growth and developments, prevention and healing of diseases.

Intracellular Elemental Concentrations in Resting and Secreting Rat Parotid Glands

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.T. Izutsu ◽  
D.E. Johnson ◽  
M. Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Rat Parotid ◽  
Micro Analysis

Electron probe x-ray micro-analysis was used to study the elemental concentration changes that occur during pilocarpine-stimulated saliva secretion. Quantitative x-ray micro-analysis of elemental concentrations in intracellular compartments of rat parotid glands stimulated in vivo with pilocarpine showed that Na concentration was significantly increased, while K concentration was significantly reduced. The magnitude of these changes was consistent with values obtained in other tissues with the x-ray micro-analysis method, and in the same tissue with other experimental methods. Comparisons with results from studies utilizing dispersed acini suggest that acinar dispersion procedures may affect intracellular elemental concentrations. Total electrolyte concentrations in cytoplasm and secretory granules were estimated to increase on a dry-weight basis following pilocarpine stimulation. The former change is consistent with the notion of a trans-cellular route of salivary fluid flow, while the latter change may be important in the exocytosis of secretory granules.

Comparing Elemental Sensitivities Obtained With an Aperture and a Monolithic Polycapillary Optic Using a Commercial Micro-X-Ray Fluorescence (MXRF) Instrument

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 380-381
Author(s):  
C. G. Worley ◽  
L. P. Colletti ◽  
G. J. Havrilla
Keyword(s):  
Focal Spot ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Standard Reference Materials ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Beam Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Trace Elemental ◽  
Focal Spot Diameter ◽  
Capillary Optic

Recent MXRF reports have demonstrated marked x-ray flux enhancements over traditional aperturecollimating systems when using a total reflection capillary optic. In the present work, several standard reference materials (SRMs) were examined with a Kevex Omicron MXRF system to compare the elemental sensitivities achieved with an aperture x-ray guide to those obtained with a monolithic polycapillary optic (X-ray Optical Systems). This study is relevant to the MXRF community using commercial aperture-based instruments where trace elemental concentrations in a sample sometimes mandate the need for a higher primary x-ray dose, but the flexibility of incorporating various sized apertures for other samples is still maintained.By scanning the x-ray beam over a nickel/gold knife edge, the capillary focal spot diameter at the time of this work was determined to be ∼400 μm, while a 300 μm aperture provided a beam size of ∼550 μm due to beam divergence past the aperture.

PARTICLE INDUCED X-RAY EMISSION STUDIES OF ANTI-DIABETIC MEDICINAL PLANTS

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. RAY ◽  
P. K. NAYAK ◽  
S. R. PANDA ◽  
T. R. RAUTRAY ◽  
V. VIJAYAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Emission Studies

Selected number of anti-diabetic medicinal plant leaves has been characterized by accelerator based particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique. Validity of the technique was assured by analyzing certified plant reference materials (CRMs). A large number of trace elements like Ti , V , Cr , Mn , Fe , Co , Ni , Cu , Zn , Rb , Sr and Pb are found to be present in these studied leaf samples with variable proportions. The concentrations of elements like K and Ca are quantified in percentage level whereas other elements are found to be in parts per million levels. Among the studied samples, the leaves of Methi are found to be containing maximum amount of trace elements.

Trace Element Quantitation in Biological X-Ray Microanalysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
R.D. Leapman ◽  
C.R. Swyt-Thomas ◽  
D. v. Agoston ◽  
N. Pivovarova ◽  
S.B. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscope ◽  
Counting Statistics ◽  
Edx Microanalysis

In high-resolution biological energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) microanalysis it is often necessary to measure very low elemental concentrations. As an example, calcium, a physiologically important element, typically occurs in subcellular compartments at concentrations of 10-100 atomic parts per million (corresponding to 1-10 millimole/kg dry weight of sample) and it is ultimately desirable to measure the concentration of this element with a standard error of ±1 atomic ppm (or ± 0.1 millimole/kg). Detection of calcium in biological specimens is further complicated by the presence of relatively high levels of potassium (around 0.5 atomic % or 500 millimole/kg), which gives rise to overlap of the K Kβ and Ca Kα peaks in the EDX spectrum. Counting statistics are frequently the limiting factor for detectability, but this is not necessarily the case because in the analytical electron microscope it is possible to collect spectra for long periods using a high probe current.

scholarly journals Standardization of proton induced X-ray emission for analysis of trace elements in thick samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 875-879
Author(s):  
Johar Zeb ◽  
Shad Ali ◽  
Muhammad Haneef ◽  
Azhar Muhammad Naeem ◽  
Jehan Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Standard Reference Materials ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Pelletron Accelerator

This paper presents the standardization of proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique for the analysis of trace elements in thick, standard samples. Three standard reference materials, titanium, copper, and iron base alloys, were used for the study due to their availability. The proton beam was accelerated up to 2.57 MeV energy by 5UDH-II tandem Pelletron accelerator, and samples were irradiated at different geometries and durations. Spectra were acquired using a multi-channel spectrum analyzer, and spectra analyses were done using GUPIXWIN software for determination of elemental concentrations of trace elements. The obtained experimental data were compared with theoretical data and results were found to be in close agreement.

Removing Substrate Background in TEM Microanalysis

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
John C. Russ ◽  
Nicholas C. Barbi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Organic Film ◽  
Absolute Concentration ◽  
Background Signal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
The Continuum

The rapid growth of interest in attaching energy-dispersive x-ray analysis systems to transmission electron microscopes has centered largely on microanalysis of biological specimens. These are frequently either embedded in plastic or supported by an organic film, which is of great importance as regards stability under the beam since it provides thermal and electrical conductivity from the specimen to the grid.Unfortunately, the supporting medium also produces continuum x-radiation or Bremsstrahlung, which is added to the x-ray spectrum from the sample. It is not difficult to separate the characteristic peaks from the elements in the specimen from the total continuum background, but sometimes it is also necessary to separate the continuum due to the sample from that due to the support. For instance, it is possible to compute relative elemental concentrations in the sample, without standards, based on the relative net characteristic elemental intensities without regard to background; but to calculate absolute concentration, it is necessary to use the background signal itself as a measure of the total excited specimen mass.

An improved interference correction for trace element analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1646-1647
Author(s):  
John J. Donovan ◽  
Donald A. Snyder ◽  
Mark L. Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Simple Expression ◽  
Standard Reference Materials ◽  
Characteristic Line ◽  
Analytical Line ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Electron Probe Analysis ◽  
Calculated Concentration ◽  
X Ray

We present a simple expression for the quantitative treatment of interference corrections in x-ray analysis. WDS electron probe analysis of standard reference materials illustrate the success of the technique.For the analytical line of wavelength λ of any element A which lies near or on any characteristic line of another element B, the observed x-ray counts at We use to denote x-ray counts excited by element i in matrix j (u=unknown; s=analytical standard; ŝ=interference standard) at the wavelength of the analytical line of A, λA (Fig. 1). Quantitative analysis of A requires an accurate estimate of These counts can be estimated from the ZAF calculated concentration of B in the unknown C,Bu measured counts at λA in an interference standard of known concentration of B (and containing no A), and ZAF correction parameters for the matrices of both the unknown and the interference standard at It can be shown that:

Localization of calcium and zinc in the sperm storage tubules of chicken, quail and turkey using X-ray microanalysis

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Holm ◽  
H Ekwall ◽  
GJ Wishart ◽  
Y Ridderstrale
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Intracellular Content ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sperm Storage Tubules ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sperm storage tubules from the utero-vaginal junction of chickens, quails and turkeys were analysed for calcium and zinc using X-ray microanalysis of ultra-rapidly frozen tissue in a scanning electron microscope. This technique enabled the tubular fluid surrounding the stored spermatozoa and the intracellular content of the cells of the sperm storage tubules to be analysed separately and, by using standards with known concentrations, their elemental concentrations were estimated. The mean (+/- SEM) concentration of calcium in the tubular fluid from chickens, quails and turkeys was 17 +/- 3, 19 +/- 3 and 17 +/- 4 mmol kg(-1) wet weight, respectively. The intracellular calcium concentration of the cells of the tubules did not differ significantly from these values and was also similar in the mucosal epithelial cells of the utero-vaginal junction. Zinc was localized in the cells of turkey sperm storage tubules and tubular fluid, but at low concentrations. No zinc could be detected in corresponding structures from chickens and quails. The concentration of calcium in the tubular fluid is within the range known to inhibit the motility of spermatozoa, supporting this function for calcium during storage. Zinc is known to depress turkey sperm metabolism and it may also be involved in inducing quiescence of spermatozoa during storage in this species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document