EVALUATION OF THIN SECTION STANDARDS FOR LOCAL ANALYSIS OF LIGHT ELEMENTS BY MICRO-PIXE ANALYSIS

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHINO HOMMA-TAKEDA ◽  
KYOKO SUZUKI ◽  
KEIKO HARUMOTO ◽  
TOMOYASU YOSHITOMI ◽  
HIROYUKI ISO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Section ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Light Elements ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
External Standard

For quantitative measurements of light elements by micro-PIXE (particle-induced X-ray emission) analysis, suitable external standards have been expected. In this paper thin sections of polyvinyl alcohol solution containing phosphorus ( P ) and potassium ( K ) were assessed for their purpose as standards by micro-PIXE analysis. Homogeneity of P and K added to the standard materials were validated by 1 μm and 10 μm-step scanning of the standard. The relative standard deviations of the X-ray intensity of the standards P and K were < 25% and <16%, respectively. The calibration line between the X-ray intensity obtained from a 100 × 100 μm2 area and the elements concentration was also acceptable, indicating that the thin section standards are adequate for an external standard of micro-PIXE measurements for light elements.

EVALUATION OF PRESSED POWDERS AND THIN SECTION STANDARDS FOR MULTI-ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS BY CONVENTIONAL AND MICRO-PIXE ANALYSIS

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHINO HOMMA-TAKEDA ◽  
HIROYUKI ISO ◽  
MASAKI ITO ◽  
KYOKO SUZUKI ◽  
KEIKO HARUMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Calibration Line ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Homogenous Distribution ◽  
Environmental And Biological Samples

For muti-elemental analysis, various standards are used to quantify the elements consists of environmental and biological samples. In this paper two different configuration standards, pressed powders and thin section standards, were assessed for their purpose as standards by conventional and micro-PIXE analysis. Homogeneity of manganese, iron, zinc ( Zn ), copper and yttrium added to pressed powder standard materials were validated and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the X-ray intensity of the standards was <10% within the range, 62.5–250 µg/g. We established linear relationships between the metal concentration and the specific X-ray intensity of standards containing up to 250 µg/g of these metals. A homogenous distribution of Zn added to thin section standard materials was also confirmed by 10-µm-step scanning of the standard within the range, 50–250 µg/g (RSD ~ 10%). The calibration line between the X-ray intensity obtained from a 10-µm2 area and the metal concentration was acceptable.

Proton-Induced X-ray Emission Analysis of Human Autopsy Tissues

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 403-410
Author(s):  
R. D. Lear ◽  
H. A. Van Rinsvelt ◽  
W. S. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Autopsy Tissues ◽  
The University

The 3.8 MeV proton beam from the University of Florida Van de Graaff accelerator has been used to perform trace element analysis of approximately 1200 samples (mostly from autopsies) of human tissues by proton-induced X-ray emission analysis (PIXE). Fifteen different organs and a variety of diseases have been studied. Preliminary data are presented indicating the variations of various elements in human kidney as a function of age. Analysis of samples from infants also indicate essential and non-essential elements in human kidney. On the average twelve trace elements (with atomic number equal to or larger than nineteen) are observed in each organ. Quantitative measurements have been made on several elements including K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Br, Rb, Sr, Cd, and Ba.

The quantitative relationships among alkali elements and the availability of Rb as a substitute for radioactive Cs in Lentinula edodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
A. Terakawa ◽  
Y. Hirakata ◽  
K. Kikuchi ◽  
A. Fujita ◽  
T. Matsuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
Shiitake Mushroom ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shiitake Mushrooms ◽  
Alkali Elements ◽  
Mushroom Sample

We performed particle-induced X-ray emission analysis to determine the quantitative relationships among alkali elements including radioactive Cs in Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom). The shiitake mushrooms were cultivated using radioactive Cs-contaminated hardwood logs, with Rb and stable Cs added to evaluate their concentrations by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis, as well as to measure the spatial distribution of radioactive Cs in the mushroom sample using an autoradiographic method. Radioactive Cs were strongly concentrated in the peripheral region of the mushroom pileus, whereas K, Rb, and stable Cs highly accumulated in the same region as radioactive Cs. We confirmed that the concentrations of K and Rb were basically proportional to that of stable Cs. In particular, a clear linear correlation was observed between the Rb and Cs concentrations. The results of this study indicate the availability of Rb as a substitute for Cs to study the accumulation of radioactive Cs in mushrooms.

Development of a 20MeV proton particle-induced X-ray emission analysis method in a helium atmosphere

2021 ◽  
pp. 1950021
Author(s):  
Keizo Ishii ◽  
Atsuki Terakawa ◽  
Keitaro Hitomi ◽  
Mitsuhiro Nogami
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Method ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Helium Atmosphere ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Destructive Analysis ◽  
Continuous Background ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Tomography Analysis

We developed a 20[Formula: see text]MeV particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis method using a medical cyclotron, which is conventionally used for positron emission tomography analysis performed in vacuo, during which the target sample is damaged. For non-destructive analysis and ease of switching between target samples, we developed a technique allowing 20[Formula: see text]MeV proton PIXE analysis to be performed at the atmospheric pressure. We filled the PIXE analysis chamber with helium and checked that the continuous background of the Compton tails of nuclear reaction [Formula: see text]-rays increased only minimally, and that the quasi-free electron bremsstrahlung (QFEB) did not increase at all, in the X-ray energy spectrum.

Micro-Analysis by X-Ray Absorption, Fluorescence, Emission and Diffraction Using Ultra-Fine X-Ray Sources

1957 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Cosslett ◽  
P. Duncumb ◽  
J. V. P. Long ◽  
W. G. Nixon
Keyword(s):  
Line Emission ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Characteristic Line ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Analysis

AbstractFine focus X-ray tubes developed for projection X-ray microscopy can also be used for X-ray micro-analysis. Areas about 10 microns in diameter of thin sections have been analyzed by measuring differences in X-ray transmission, with particular reference to the determination of calcium in biological materials and in minerals. The high intensity of this X-ray point source has permitted micro-fluorescence analysis of similar small areas with high sensitivity and reasonable time. The same electron optical system has been used for micro-emission analysis of rock slices and mineral grains. By scanning the electron beam over the specimen surface and recording either the scattered electrons or the emitted X-rays, a two-dimensional picture can be displayed of the physical features or of the distribution of a particular element respectively. The analysis of a selected, volume of 1 cubic micron in the surface has been obtained by plotting the characteristic line emission spectrum with a crystal spectrometer and proportional counter. The sensitivity is 0. 1% or 10−1 gram. Micro-beam X-ray diffraction has also been used with a stationary X-ray source both for transmission and back reflection with a 10 minute exposure from a 10 micron diameter area.

Element-based prognostics of occupational pneumoconiosis using micro-proton-induced X-ray emission analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (6) ◽  
pp. L1154-L1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong He ◽  
Hao Shen ◽  
Zidan Chen ◽  
Caicai Rong ◽  
Minqin Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Metallic Oxide ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
X Ray

Pneumoconiosis is an occupational disease accompanied by long-term lung impairment, for which prediction of prognosis is poorly understood because of the complexity of the inhaled particles. Micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE) analysis, which is advantageous for high-sensitivity, two-dimensional element mapping of lung tissues, was used to investigate element-based predictive factors of prognosis in Chinese patients with welder’s and coal miner’s pneumoconiosis. Chest radiographs and lung function tests showed that most of the coal miners deteriorated, whereas symptoms in some welders were alleviated after 5 yr, as determined by comparing percent vital capacity (%VC) and forced expiratory volume in the 1st second over forced vital capacity (FEV1.0/FVC) to values taken at the initial diagnosis. Micro-PIXE analysis suggested that the most abundant particulates in welder’s pneumoconiosis were Fe, Mn, and Ti (metallic oxide),which were accompanied by particulates containing Si, Al, and Ca (aluminum silicate) or only Si (SiO2); the most abundant particulates in coal miner’s pneumoconiosis were composed of C, Si, Al, K, and Ti, which were accompanied by particulates containing Ca or Fe. Particulates containing Al, Si, S, K, Ca, and Ti (orthoclase and anorthite) were correlated with severity of fibrosis. Multivariable linear regression suggested that long-term FEV1.0/FVC decrease was independently associated with Si and smoking index, whereas %VC decrease was associated with Si and Ti. A risk index comprised of these factors was developed to predict the prognosis of pneumoconiosis. Micro-PIXE analysis is feasible for the evaluation of elemental composition and dust exposure, especially for patients whose exposure is mixed or uncertain.

Improved Components for X-Ray Emission Analysis of the Light Elements.

1962 ◽  
Vol 34 (13) ◽  
pp. 1731-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Balis ◽  
L. B. Bronk ◽  
H. G. Pfeiffer ◽  
W. W. Welbon ◽  
E. H. Winslow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Elements ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
X Ray

Thin section microanalysis of zeolite Y

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
J. B. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Catalyst Preparation ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Zeolite X ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthetic Aluminosilicate ◽  
Individual Particles

Zeolite Y, a remarkably stable zeolite widely used in catalyst formulations, is a synthetic aluminosilicate with the faujaslte structure. It is distinguished from zeolite X by having fewer Al atoms per unit cell and greater stability. Y can be made even more stable by further reducing the number of Al atoms per unit cell to form ultrastable Y (U.S.Y). Because the Al/Si ratio of a zeolite is an important parameter affecting its properties, knowledge of the Al and Si distribution across individual particles is also important. A study of that distribution was therefore undertaken by electron microscopy. A catalyst preparation of 40% U.S.Y and 60% alumina was also analyzed.The samples were prepared for electron microscopy by embedding the particles in epoxy and cutting thin sections using an ultramicrotome. The thin section microanalysis was performed on a Philips 400T electron microscope equipped with a Tracor Northern TN2000 x-ray analyzer with digital beam control.

Introduction of PIXE analysis system in NIRS

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 77-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Imaseki ◽  
Masae Yukawa
Keyword(s):  
Beam Current ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Electrostatic Accelerator ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beam Port ◽  
Scanning Area ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Cdznte Detectors ◽  
High Voltage Engineering

In March 1999, electrostatic accelerator, Tandetron (Model 4117MC, High Voltage Engineering Europe Co.) was installed in the Electrostatic Accelerator Building for PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) analysis. The accelerating voltage is 0.4 to 1.7MV, and the maximum beam current is 5μA at 3.4MeV. This system has three beam ports for different types of PIXE analysis: normal, micro-beam and in-air. The first beam port is used for normal PIXE. Since two types of X-ray detecting device, Si ( Li ) and CdZnTe detectors, are available here, elements from Na ( Z =11) to U ( Z =92) are detectable. Fifteen samples can semi automatically be measured at one time using a proton beam of optical beam size from 0.5 to 2.0 mm at 100 nA beam current. A quadrupole triplet magnet (Model OM2000, Oxford Micro beams, Ltd.) attached to the second beam port produces a proton micro-beam of square shape less than 1μ m ×1μ m . Micro-beam scanning PIXE analysis is carried out with this beam at 50pA current and scanning area up to 2.0mm square. The in-air PIXE analysis is performed using the third beam port. The operation of this machine has been scheduled to start from April 2000 and is controlled by Division of Technology and Safety. Some results preliminarily obtained are also shorn.

Use of a medical positron emission tomography cyclotron to perform proton-induced X-ray emission analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Keizo Ishii ◽  
Atsuki Terakawa ◽  
Hiroki Ushijima ◽  
Keitaro Hitomi ◽  
Nobumichi Nagano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Proton Beams ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Positron Emission

We explored whether medical positron emission tomography (PET) cyclotron proton beams could be used for proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis. The beam current of the medical PET cyclotron is high, as required for radioisotope production, and is not commonly used for PIXE analysis. We successfully extracted stable proton beams of low intensity by using the ion source of a medical cyclotron to exploit proton impurities in deuteron gas. We performed 20-MeV PIXE analysis of a biological sample (used tea leaves). Elements lighter than Sr could be detected with high sensitivity ([Formula: see text]14 ppm) using a silicon drift detector. We thus showed that a medical cyclotron widely used for PET diagnosis could be employed for PIXE analysis of biological samples.

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