Use of a medical positron emission tomography cyclotron to perform proton-induced X-ray emission analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Keizo Ishii ◽  
Atsuki Terakawa ◽  
Hiroki Ushijima ◽  
Keitaro Hitomi ◽  
Nobumichi Nagano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Proton Beams ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Positron Emission

We explored whether medical positron emission tomography (PET) cyclotron proton beams could be used for proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis. The beam current of the medical PET cyclotron is high, as required for radioisotope production, and is not commonly used for PIXE analysis. We successfully extracted stable proton beams of low intensity by using the ion source of a medical cyclotron to exploit proton impurities in deuteron gas. We performed 20-MeV PIXE analysis of a biological sample (used tea leaves). Elements lighter than Sr could be detected with high sensitivity ([Formula: see text]14 ppm) using a silicon drift detector. We thus showed that a medical cyclotron widely used for PET diagnosis could be employed for PIXE analysis of biological samples.

scholarly journals Influence of Hydroxyapatite Coating for the Prevention of Bone Mineral Density Loss and Bone Metabolism after Total Hip Arthroplasty: Assessment Using 18F-Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry by Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Taro Tezuka ◽  
Naomi Kobayashi ◽  
Choe Hyonmin ◽  
Masatoshi Oba ◽  
Yushi Miyamae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Ha Coating ◽  
Positron Emission

Background. Hydroxyapatite- (HA-) coated implants tend to achieve good osteoinductivity and stable clinical results; however, the influence of the coating on the prevention of bone mineral density (BMD) loss around the implant is unclear. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of HA-coated implants for preventing BMD loss and to determine the status of bone remodeling after total hip arthroplasty (THA), making comparisons with non-HA-coated implants. Methods. A total of 52 patients who underwent primary THA were randomly allocated to HA and non-HA groups. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at 1 week postoperation to form a baseline measurement, and then 24 weeks and 48 weeks after surgery. The relative change in BMD was evaluated for regions of interest (ROIs) based on the Gruen zone classifications. 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography (PET) was performed at 24 weeks postsurgery, and the maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were evaluated in the proximal (HA-coated) and distal (non-HA-coated) areas in both groups. Results. There were significant differences in BMD loss in ROIs 3 and 6 (p=0.03), while no significant difference was observed in ROI 7 at either 24 or 48 weeks postsurgery. There was no significant correlation between PET uptake and BMD (24 or 48 weeks) in either group. Conclusion. The influence of a HA coating in terms of BMD preservation is limited. No significant correlation was found between BMD and SUVmax measured by PET, either with or without the use of a HA coating.

scholarly journals Imaging of brain oxygenation with magnetic resonance imaging: A validation with positron emission tomography in the healthy and tumoural brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2584-2597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Valable ◽  
Aurélien Corroyer-Dulmont ◽  
Ararat Chakhoyan ◽  
Lucile Durand ◽  
Jérôme Toutain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
C6 Glioma Cells ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Brain

The partial pressure in oxygen remains challenging to map in the brain. Two main strategies exist to obtain surrogate measures of tissue oxygenation: the tissue saturation studied by magnetic resonance imaging (StO2-MRI) and the identification of hypoxia by a positron emission tomography (PET) biomarker with 3-[18F]fluoro-1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-2-propanol ([18F]-FMISO) as the leading radiopharmaceutical. Nonetheless, a formal validation of StO2-MRI against FMISO-PET has not been performed. The objective of our studies was to compare the two approaches in (a) the normal rat brain when the rats were submitted to hypoxemia; (b) animals implanted with four tumour types differentiated by their oxygenation. Rats were submitted to normoxic and hypoxemic conditions. For the brain tumour experiments, U87-MG, U251-MG, 9L and C6 glioma cells were orthotopically inoculated in rats. For both experiments, StO2-MRI and [18F]-FMISO PET were performed sequentially. Under hypoxemia conditions, StO2-MRI revealed a decrease in oxygen saturation in the brain. Nonetheless, [18F]-FMISO PET, pimonidazole immunohistochemistry and molecular biology were insensitive to hypoxia. Within the context of tumours, StO2-MRI was able to detect hypoxia in the hypoxic models, mimicking [18F]-FMISO PET with high sensitivity/specificity. Altogether, our data clearly support that, in brain pathologies, StO2-MRI could be a robust and specific imaging biomarker to assess hypoxia.

scholarly journals [11C]-Methionine Positron Emission Tomography in the Postoperative Imaging and Followup of Patients with Primary and Recurrent Gliomas

ISRN Oncology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Santoni ◽  
Cristina Nanni ◽  
Alessandro Bittoni ◽  
Gabriele Polonara ◽  
Alessandro Paccapelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Karnofsky Performance Status ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Postoperative Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Met Pet

We investigated the sensitivity and specificity of [11C]-methionine positron emission tomography ([11C]-MET PET) in the management of glioma patients. We retrospectively analysed data from 53 patients with primary gliomas (16 low grade astrocytomas, 15 anaplastic astrocytomas and 22 glioblastomas) and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) > 70. Patients underwent [11C]-MET PET scans (N=249) and parallel contrast-enhanced MRI (N=193) and/or CT (N=113) controls. In low grade glioma patients, MRI or CT findings associated with [11C]-MET PET additional data allowed discrimination residual disease from postsurgical changes in 96.22% of these cases. [11C]-MET PET early allowed detection of malignant progression from low grade to anaplastic astrocytoma with high sensitivity (91.56%) and specificity (95.18%). In anaplastic astrocytomas, we registered high sensitivity (93.97%) and specificity (95.18%) in the postoperative imaging and during the followup of these patients. In GBM patients, CT and/or MRI scans with additional [11C]-MET PET data registered a sensitivity of 96.92% in the postsurgical evaluation and in the tumour assessment during temozolomide therapy. A significant correlation was found between [11C]-MET mean uptake index and histologic grading (P<0.001). These findings support the notion that complementary information derived from [11C]-MET PET may be helpful in postoperative and successive tumor assessment of glioma patients.

Comparison of Positron Emission Tomography and X-ray radiography for studies of physical processes in sandstone

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Goethals ◽  
Anneke Volkaert ◽  
Patric Jacobs ◽  
Staf Roels ◽  
Jan Carmeliet
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Positron Emission

Development of a 20MeV proton particle-induced X-ray emission analysis method in a helium atmosphere

2021 ◽  
pp. 1950021
Author(s):  
Keizo Ishii ◽  
Atsuki Terakawa ◽  
Keitaro Hitomi ◽  
Mitsuhiro Nogami
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Method ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Helium Atmosphere ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Destructive Analysis ◽  
Continuous Background ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Tomography Analysis

We developed a 20[Formula: see text]MeV particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis method using a medical cyclotron, which is conventionally used for positron emission tomography analysis performed in vacuo, during which the target sample is damaged. For non-destructive analysis and ease of switching between target samples, we developed a technique allowing 20[Formula: see text]MeV proton PIXE analysis to be performed at the atmospheric pressure. We filled the PIXE analysis chamber with helium and checked that the continuous background of the Compton tails of nuclear reaction [Formula: see text]-rays increased only minimally, and that the quasi-free electron bremsstrahlung (QFEB) did not increase at all, in the X-ray energy spectrum.

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