Anti-Enterovirus 71 Activity Screening of Chinese Herbs with Anti-Infection and Inflammation Activities

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 143-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzou-Yien Lin ◽  
Yi-Chun Liu ◽  
Jia-Rong Jheng ◽  
Hui-Ping Tsai ◽  
Jia-Tsrong Jan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Plaque Reduction Assay ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Activity Screening ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata Thunb

Antipyretic and toxin-eliminating traditional Chinese herbs are believed to possess antiviral activity. In this study, we screened extracts of 22 herbs for activity against enterovirus 71 (EV71). We found that only extracts of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. could neutralize EV71-induced cytopathic effects in Vero cells. The 50% inhibitory concentration of H. cordata extract for EV71 was 125.92 ± 27.84 μg/ml. Antiviral screening of herb extracts was also conducted on 3 genotypes of EV71, coxsackievirus A16 and echovirus 9. H. cordata extract had the highest activity against genotype A of EV71. A plaque reduction assay showed that H. cordata extract significantly reduced plaque formation. Viral protein expression, viral RNA synthesis and virus-induced caspase 3 activation were inhibited in the presence of H. cordata extract, suggesting that it affected apoptotic processes in EV71-infected Vero cells by inhibiting viral replication. The antiviral activity of H. cordata extract was greater in cells pretreated with extract than those treated after infection. We conclude that H. cordata extract has antiviral activity, and it offers a potential to develop a new anti-EV71 agent.

Antiviral Effects ofSalvia miltiorrhiza(Danshen) Against Enterovirus 71

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 153-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin-Wen Wu ◽  
Tai-Long Pan ◽  
Yann-Lii Leu ◽  
Yu-Kaung Chang ◽  
Pei-Ju Tai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Infected Cells

In this study, the antiviral activities of seven different extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen) were determined. The first two extracts, SA1 and SA2, isolated at room temperature by ethyl acetate and water extraction, respectively, neutralized the enterovirus 71-induced cytopathic effect in Vero, rhabdomyosarcoma and MRC-5 cells. The other five crude extracts, extracted with warm water (60–70°C) or organic solvents, did not have any protective activity. The 50% inhibitory concentrations for neutralizing the enterovirus 71-induced cytopathic effect were 0.742 ± 0.042 mg/ml for SA1 and 0.585 ± 0.018 mg/ml for SA2 in Vero cells. No antiviral activity was observed in the other viruses tested. Antiviral activity was more efficient in cultures treated with SA1 or SA2 during viral infection compared to the cultures treated before or after infection, suggesting that these danshen extracts could interfere with viral entry. SA1 and SA2 were able to inhibit viral RNA synthesis in the infected cells and to abate the apoptotic process in enterovirus 71-infected Vero cells. We conclude that danshen extracts possess antiviral activity and have potential for the development as an anti-enterovirus 71 agent.

Antiviral activity of yogurt against enterovirus 71 in vero cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwa-Jung Choi ◽  
Jae-Hyoung Song ◽  
Kwi-Sung Park ◽  
Seung-Hwa Baek ◽  
Eun-Sook Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Vero Cells

scholarly journals Inhibition of Enterovirus 71 by Picochlorum sp. 122 via AKT and ATM/ATR Signaling Pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Guo ◽  
Ruilin Zheng ◽  
Hua-lian Wu ◽  
Danyang Chen ◽  
Jingyao Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Protein Levels

Abstract Enterovirus 71 (EV71) pose a critical threat in global public health and may lead to severe and even lethal cases of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD). No effective antiviral agents are available to the masses for treatment of HFMD caused by EV71. Polysaccharide provides a good clinical application for antivirus. Polysaccharides extracted from Picochlorum sp. 122 (PPE) is a kind of seaweed Polysaccharides, the reports on its antiviral activity are limited. In this study, the antiviral activity was verified in Vero cells. Briefly, PPE has been demonstrated to restrain EV71 infection through MTT assay and cellular cytopathic effect. In addition, the decrease of the nucleic acid and protein levels of VP1 indicated PPE effectively inhibited the proliferation of EV71 in Vero cells. Furthermore, the annexinV-affinity assay suggested that PPE protected host cells from apoptosis. The mechanistic investigations revealed that PPE restrained EV71-induced host-cells apoptosis by AKT and ATM/ATR signaling pathways. In conclusion, these results demonstrate PPE is a hopeful antiviral drug for the infection of EV71.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Andrographis paniculata (Chuanxinlian) and Its Biologically Active Constituents Inhibited Enterovirus 71-Induced Cell Apoptosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Wan Chao ◽  
Yueh-Hsiung Kuo ◽  
Bi-Fong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
G1 Phase ◽  
G1 Arrest ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Rd Cells

Aim:Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees (also known as Chuanxinlian in Chinese) of Acanthaceae family is one of the Chinese herbs reputed to be effective in the treatment of inflammation, infection, cold, and fever. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the most important enteroviruses that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) accompanied with neurological complication.Methods: To explore an anti-infective Chinese herb medicine, pure compounds isolated or synthesized analogues from A. paniculata (AP) ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract are used to explore their anti-EV71-induced cytotoxicity. The antiviral activity was determined by cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction, and sub-G1 assays were used for measuring lysis and apoptosis of EV71-infected rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. IFNγ-driven luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate their potential roles in activation of immune responses.Results: Our data showed that EV71-induced sub-G1 phase of RD cells was dose dependently increased. Highly apoptotic EV71-infected RD cells were reduced by AP extract treatment. Ergosterol peroxide (4) has the most anti-apoptotic effect among these seven compounds. In addition, 3,19-O-acetyl-14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (8) synthesized from acetylation of compound 7 showed significantly better antiviral activity and the lowest sub-G1 phase of 6%–18%. Further investigation of IFNγ-inducer activity of these compounds showed that compounds 3, 6, 10, 11, and 12 had significantly higher IFNγ luciferase activities, suggesting their potential to promote IFNγ expression and thus activate immune responses for antivirus function.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that bioactive compounds of AP and its derivatives either protecting EV71-infected RD cells from sub-G1 arrest or possessing IFNγ-inducer activity might be feasible for the development of anti-EV71 agents.

scholarly journals Antipoliovirus Activity of the Organic Extract ofEupatorium buniifolium: Isolation of Euparin as an Active Compound

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Florencia Visintini Jaime ◽  
Rodolfo H. Campos ◽  
Virginia S. Martino ◽  
Lucía V. Cavallaro ◽  
Liliana V. Muschietti
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Replication Cycle ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Organic Extract ◽  
Plaque Reduction Assay ◽  
Virus Adsorption ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation

The antiviral activity of the organic extract (OE) ofEupatorium buniifoliumagainst poliovirus type 1 was determined byin vitroassays with an effective concentration 50 (EC50) of 23.3 ± 3.3 µg/mL. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the OE allowed the isolation of an active principle that was identified by spectroscopic methods (1H- and13C-NMR, EI-MS, UV, and IR spectroscopy) as the benzofuran euparin. The plaque reduction assay in Vero cells was used to assess the antiviral activity of euparin against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 with EC50values of 0.47, 0.12, and 0.15 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, this compound showed high selectivity indexes of 284.9, 1068, and 854.7, respectively. In order to identify the mechanism by which euparin exerts its antiviral activity, the virucidal effect, the pretreatment of Vero cells, and the time of action on one viral replication cycle were evaluated. Results obtained demonstrated that euparin exerts its effect during the early events of the replication cycle, from the virus adsorption to cells up to the first twenty minutes after infection. This is the first report on the presence of euparin inE. buniifoliumand its antiviral activity.

Antiviral Essential Oils Incorporated in Nanocarriers: Strategy for Prevention from COVID-19 and Future Infectious Pandemics

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-451
Author(s):  
Malkiet Kaur ◽  
Gayatri Devi ◽  
Manju Nagpal ◽  
Manjinder Singh ◽  
Gitika A. Dhingra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Low Solubility

Background: Coronavirus has become a life-threatening disease and it is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). This new strain of coronavirus is not completely understood and to date, there is no treatment for coronavirus. Traditional ayurvedic medicines, mainly essential oils and Chinese herbs, have always played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of several epidemics and pandemics. In the meantime, guidelines of the ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, yoga, unani, siddha and homoepathy) include a traditional medicinal treatment for flu and fever and also recommended to boost immunity to prevent the spread of coronavirus. It is not possible to find which essential oil will offer the best level of protection. However, it is likely to assume that some essential oils are likely to offer a measurable level of defense in the same way they do with many other known viruses. Methods: Literature relevant to various essential oils having antiviral activity has been collected and compiled. Various nanocarriers of essential oils have also been stated. The database was collected using various search engines such as J-Gate, Google Scholar, Sci-Hub, PubMed, ScienceDirect, etc. Results: Essential oils contain active constituents such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenyl propanoids, etc., which are responsible for their biological properties such as antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and many more. However, the use of essential oils has always been limited due to poor solubility, solvent toxicity, volatility and low solubility. Many nanotechnology based carriers especially, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles, nanoemulsion and microemulsion, etc. have been evidenced to overcome limitations associated with essential oils. Conclusion: Several essential oils possess potent antiviral activity and are characterized by fewer side effects and are safe for human use. The nanocarrier systems of these oils have proved the potential to treat viral and bacterial infections. Lay Summary: Current COVID-19 era demands traditional treatment for immunity boost up as support therapy. Traditional ayurvedic medicines, mainly essential oils and Chinese herbs, have always played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of several epidemics and pandemics. Therefore, authors have summarized various essential oils having antiviral activity in current manuscript. Various nanocarriers of essential oils have been reported. Essential oils contain active constituents such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenyl propanoids, etc., which are responsible for their biological properties such as antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant activity. However, the use of essential oils has always been limited due to poor solubility, solvent toxicity, volatility and low solubility. Many nanotechnology based carriers especially, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles, nanoemulsion and microemulsion, etc. have been evidenced to overcome limitations associated with essential oils. The nanocarrier systems of these oils have proved the potential to treat viral and bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Chloroquine and Sulfadoxine Derivatives Inhibit ZIKV Replication in Cervical Cells

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Audrien Alves Andrade de Souza ◽  
Lauana Ribas Torres ◽  
Lyana Rodrigues Pinto Lima Capobianco ◽  
Vanessa Salete de Paula ◽  
Cynthia Machado Cascabulho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Hybrid Compounds ◽  
Cervical Cells ◽  
Zika Fever

Despite the severe morbidity caused by Zika fever, its specific treatment is still a challenge for public health. Several research groups have investigated the drug repurposing of chloroquine. However, the highly toxic side effect induced by chloroquine paves the way for the improvement of this drug for use in Zika fever clinics. Our aim is to evaluate the anti-Zika virus (ZIKV) effect of hybrid compounds derived from chloroquine and sulfadoxine antimalarial drugs. The antiviral activity of hybrid compounds (C-Sd1 to C-Sd7) was assessed in an in-vitro model of human cervical and Vero cell lines infected with a Brazilian (BR) ZIKV strain. First, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect on cultures treated with up to 200 µM of C-Sds and observed CC50 values that ranged from 112.0 ± 1.8 to >200 µM in cervical cells and 43.2 ± 0.4 to 143.0 ± 1.3 µM in Vero cells. Then, the cultures were ZIKV-infected and treated with up to 25 µM of C-Sds for 48 h. The treatment of cervical cells with C-Sds at 12 µM induced a reduction of 79.8% ± 4.2% to 90.7% ± 1.5% of ZIKV–envelope glycoprotein expression in infected cells as compared to 36.8% ± 2.9% of infection in vehicle control. The viral load was also investigated and revealed a reduction of 2- to 3-logs of ZIKV genome copies/mL in culture supernatants compared to 6.7 ± 0.7 × 108 copies/mL in vehicle control. The dose–response curve by plaque-forming reduction (PFR) in cervical cells revealed a potent dose-dependent activity of C-Sds in inhibiting ZIKV replication, with PFR above 50% and 90% at 6 and 12 µM, respectively, while 25 µM inhibited 100% of viral progeny. The treatment of Vero cells at 12 µM led to 100% PFR, confirming the C-Sds activity in another cell type. Regarding effective concentration in cervical cells, the EC50 values ranged from 3.2 ± 0.1 to 5.0 ± 0.2 µM, and the EC90 values ranged from 7.2 ± 0.1 to 11.6 ± 0.1 µM, with selectivity index above 40 for most C-Sds, showing a good therapeutic window. Here, our aim is to investigate the anti-ZIKV activity of new hybrid compounds that show highly potent efficacy as inhibitors of ZIKV in-vitro infection. However, further studies will be needed to investigate whether these new chemical structures can lead to the improvement of chloroquine antiviral activity.

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