Effects of Berberine on Diabetes and Cognitive Impairment in an Animal Model: The Mechanisms of Action

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Jing-Hua Zhang ◽  
Jin-Feng Zhang ◽  
Jun Song ◽  
Yu Bai ◽  
Lan Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Neuronal Apoptosis ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Tunel Assay ◽  
Phosphorylated Tau

Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders with an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment and dementia. The hippocampus in the forebrain contains an abundance of insulin receptors related to cognitive function and plays an important role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Berberine from traditional Chinese medicine has been used to treat diabetes and diabetic cognitive impairment, although its related mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, a STZ diabetes rat model feeding with a high-fat diet was used to test the effects of berberine compared with metformin. Oral glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp were used for glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. The Morris water maze was used to observe the compound effects on cognitive impairment. Serum and hippocampal [Formula: see text]-amyloid peptide (A[Formula: see text], Tau and phosphorylated Tau protein deposition in the hippocampi were measured. The TUNEL assay was used to detect the neuronal apoptosis, supported by histomorphological changes and transmissional electron microscopy (TEM) image. Our data showed that the diabetic rats had a significantly cognitive impairment. In addition to improving glucose metabolism and reducing insulin resistance, berberine significantly improved the cognitive function in the rat. Berberine also effectively decreased the expression of hippocampal tau protein, phosphorylated Tau, and increased insulin receptor antibodies. Moreover, berberine downregulated the abnormal phosphorylation of A[Formula: see text] and Tau protein and improved hippocampal insulin signaling. The TUNEL assay confirmed that berberine reduced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis supported by TEM. Thus, berberine significantly improved the cognitive function in diabetic rats by changing the peripheral and central insulin resistance. The reduction of neuronal injury, A[Formula: see text] deposition, abnormal phosphorylation of Tau protein, and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus were observed as the related mechanisms of action.

Berberine and Ginsenoside Rb1 Ameliorate Depression-Like Behavior in Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Jing-Hua Zhang ◽  
Hui-Zeng Yang ◽  
Hao Su ◽  
Jun Song ◽  
Yu Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Ginsenoside Rb1 ◽  
Nissl Staining

Rhizoma coptidis(Huang-lian) and Asian ginseng have been widely used in the treatment of diabetes and other concurrent diseases with apparent effects. This study investigated the effects of the active ingredients of R. coptidis and ginseng, berberine and ginsenoside Rb1, on depression-like behavior in a rat diabetes model. The animal model was established via a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, while the animal’s depression-like behavior was induced via chronic unpredictable mild stress. These experimental rats were divided into four groups: control, depression-like behavior (DLB), metformin plus fluoxetine hydrochloride (M+FH), and berberine plus ginsenoside Rb1 (B+GRb1) groups. Glucose metabolism and insulin resistance were evaluated by oral glucose test and glucose clamp study. Depression-like behavior was evaluated via behavioral analyses, including forced swim, sucrose preference, elevated plus maze, and open-field tests. HE and Nissl staining, plasma cortisol expression of adrenocorticotropic hormone, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were assayed to explore the mechanisms of action. Compared with the control, rats in the DLB group had a significant increase in the levels of blood glucose and depression-like behavior. The B+GRb1 group significantly improved glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, reduced depression-like behavior, downregulated levels of plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone under stress, and upregulated BDNF protein expression compared to the DLB rats. HE and Nissl staining data revealed that B+GRb1 protected neurons from pathological and morphological changes. Thus, berberine and ginsenoside Rb1 not only improved glucose metabolism in diabetic rats but also ameliorated their depression-like behavior under chronic unpredictable stress. Mechanistically, studied data with plasma hormonal levels and brain neuronal pathological/morphological changes supported the observed effects. The combination of berberine and ginsenoside Rb1 may have a clinical value in the management of diabetic patients with depression.

O5-04-05: Aerobic exercise reduces phosphorylated tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid in older adults with mild cognitive impairment

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (7S_Part_7) ◽  
pp. P324-P324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura D. Baker ◽  
Jeannine S. Skinner ◽  
Suzanne Craft ◽  
Kaycee M. Sink ◽  
Thomas Montine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Phosphorylated Tau ◽  
Phosphorylated Tau Protein

P2-094: Association between insulin resistance and cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4S_Part_10) ◽  
pp. P289-P289
Author(s):  
Hyun-Young Park ◽  
Hak-Seung Lee ◽  
Hyuk Chang ◽  
Yo-Sik Kim ◽  
Kwang-Ho Cho
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function

CSF Phosphorylated Tau Protein and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Prospective Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Arai ◽  
Koichi Ishiguro ◽  
Hideto Ohno ◽  
Michiko Moriyama ◽  
Nobuo Itoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Phosphorylated Tau ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Phosphorylated Tau Protein

scholarly journals Relationship of Serum Tau Levels with Cognitive Functions and Factors Affecting The Cognitive Function Decrease in Parkinson's Disease Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-545
Author(s):  
Meldayeni Busra ◽  
Yuliarni Syafrita ◽  
Hendra Permana
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Motor Symptom ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) which occurs as the disease progresses and affects quality of life. Many efforts have been developed in early detection of cognitive disorders, one of which is the examination of tau protein biomarkers, where the tau protein that undergoes pathological changes to form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) is found in Alzheimer's disease and PD and plays a role in cognitive impairment. However, the role of tau in PD is still controversial. This study aims to assess the relationship between serum tau levels and cognitive function and the factors that affect cognitive function in PD patients. Methods: This cross-sectional design was conducted at the RSUP DR. M Djamil Padang. During the period March to August 2020, 62 research subjects were obtained. Cognitive function examination was carried out by using the MoCA-Ina test and examination of serum tau levels using the Elisa method. The relationship between categorical variables was tested by Chi square and differences in serum tau levels in the group with and without cognitive impairment were tested with the Mann Whitney test, considered statistically significant if the p value <0.05. Results: With Moca Ina examination, it was found that 67.7% of patients had impaired cognitive function. The mean serum tau level was 198.004 ± 162.69 ng / L.There was a significant relationship between education level and degree of disease with cognitive function (p <0.05) and there was no difference in mean serum tau levels between groups with and without cognitive impairment. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between education level and degree of disease with cognitive function and there is no difference in mean serum tau protein levels between the cognitive impaired group and the cognitive normal group.

scholarly journals Benefits in Cognitive Function, Blood Pressure, and Insulin Resistance Through Cocoa Flavanol Consumption in Elderly Subjects With Mild Cognitive Impairment

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 794-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovambattista Desideri ◽  
Catherine Kwik-Uribe ◽  
Davide Grassi ◽  
Stefano Necozione ◽  
Lorenzo Ghiadoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Elderly Subjects
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