REGIONAL SKILL DIFFERENTIALS: A STUDY OF THE INDONESIAN LABOR MARKET

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
TRI MULYANINGSIH ◽  
RIYANA MIRANTI ◽  
ANNE DALY ◽  
CHRIS MANNING
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Skill Premium ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Modern Services

This study investigates the patterns and trends in the returns to skill in the Indonesian labor market over the period 2007 to 2013, a period of rising earnings and income inequality. The study takes into account the labor demand and supply across regional development regions and over time. It presents evidence on the returns to skill related to structural changes in the economy through the growth of modern services and the resource boom. It confirms that skill premiums varied across regional development areas. The composition of industries across regions, female labor participation, the proportion of casual workers, the supply of tertiary-educated workers and factors unique to each region are all determinants of the regional skill premiums. The results support the policy focus on developing human capital in Indonesia to meet the rising demand for skilled workers and show the role of the manufacturing sector and minimum wages policy in reducing the skill premium.

scholarly journals Trade Openness: New Evidence for Labor-Demand Elasticity in Pakistan’s Manufacturing Sector

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Yasmin ◽  
Aliya H. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Demand Elasticity ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Employment Conditions

This study is an attempt to investigate trade–labor market linkages in Pakistan. Our main hypothesis that trade liberalization leads to an increase in labor-demand elasticity is empirically verified using a panel data approach for the period 1970/71–2000/01 for 22 selected manufacturing industries in Pakistan. We use ordinary least squares to estimate models in levels and first-differences, in addition to a fixed effects model. Overall, our findings suggest weak evidence of increased labor-demand elasticity as a result of trade liberalization in Pakistan’s manufacturing sector. Nor does the study find support for a positive labor market and trade linkage from an employment point of view—as otherwise suggested by standard trade theory. This may be due to increased capital intensity in the manufacturing sector by time, and the infusion of new technology. It could also be attributed to labor market imperfections preventing trade liberalization from favorably influencing employment conditions in Pakistan. Our policy recommendations based on the study’s results stress the need for skill enhancement measures to increase labor productivity, helping it become competitive according to the demands of globalization.

scholarly journals The Role of Labor Demand in the Labor Market Effects of a Pension Reform

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Geyer ◽  
Peter Haan ◽  
Svenja Lorenz ◽  
Mona Pfister ◽  
Thomas Zwick
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Market Effects

Employment Transformation in the Vietnamese Economy in Light of the Lewis-Fei-Ranis Growth Model of A Labor-Abundant Economy

2014 ◽  
pp. 49-67
Author(s):  
Kien Nguyen Trung
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Dominant State ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
State Enterprises

This paper studies structural changes in the Vietnamese economy during the reform era, with emphasis on the role of the manufacturing sector in employment generation. A stage-setting survey of analytical framework and empirical evidence of employment transformation in a labor-abundant economy in East Asia has enabled a statistical analysis of employment transformation in Vietnam over the two recent decades. The findings suggest that the manufacturing sector has shown an improved performance in attracting massive amounts of unskilled workers from agriculture. Within manufacturing, the private sector firms, in particular the foreign-invested enterprises, have been increasingly responsible for job creation, contributing to the gradual erosion of the dominant state enterprises.

scholarly journals Digitalization of Staff Involvement through Job Portals

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (521) ◽  
pp. 282-297
Author(s):  
O. I. Kravchuk ◽  
◽  
I. O. Varis ◽  
A. R. Tsiopa ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Recruitment Process ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Job Ads ◽  
Staff Recruitment ◽  
Staff Involvement

Digitalization of staff involvement stipulates improvement and automation of search and recruitment processes, talent management, etc. Digital instruments for interacting with employment sites are implemented through the vacancies software (JBS). The rapid increase in its use was due to strict restrictions, social distancing and an increase in the number of staff working from home. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, JBS becomes the place of direct prompt interaction between the employer (or recruiting agency) and the job seeker. It is necessary to study the processes of digitalization of staff involvement through job portals and determine their impact on the staff recruitment process; analysis of the activities of job portals in the labor market, the scale of distribution of this method of attracting candidates. The article is concerned with studying the digital technologies of attracting staff through job portals. The trends of development of staff involvement using job search websites are analyzed. The types and features of using the software to work with job ads have been generalized. The specifics of the use of the most popular international job portals are highlighted. The main possibilities of using Ukrainian job portals to attract staff are evaluated and the dynamics and structure of the labor demand and supply on the most popular ones are analyzed. Recommendations for employers on the effective use of job portals to attract staff that can be implemented in the practice of staff management have been developed. Increasing the efficiency of the use of job portals in attracting staff is possible through its digitalization. Opportunities for attracting different categories of staff and prompt closure of company vacancies depend on the labor market segment, which is covered by individual job portals.

scholarly journals Demand and supply of labor market: A case of UAE

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
Yahya Z. Alshehhi
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Jel Code

United Arab Emirates (UAE) witnessed a progress of growth booming since its establishment, which as result puched all economic componets to indicated a active movement in term of employment and capital investment as well. This steady economic growth has been marked by an increase in the income by the country’s citizens, both national as well as the foreign residents This paper to axamine the supply and demand of labor market in UAE. The technique used to source the data is a secondary resource and methodology employed in descriptive and analytical. The study found that, the diversification of the economy, and enhance the role of private sector increased the demand for labor as well as increased the diversification for nationalities in the country. From other side, because of diversification strategy, the foreigners labor have more numbers in total employment structure. JEL CODE: O12

Manufacturing vs. Services and the Role of Information Technology

2019 ◽  
pp. 416-430
Author(s):  
Arnab Adhikari ◽  
Shromona Ganguly
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Role Of Information

The role of information technology is often debated in the context of economic development of the developing countries. In order to understand the role technology plays in the structural change of the economy, the chapter analyzes the case of India, which, according to many researchers, has experienced an “idiosyncratic” pattern of structural changes since its independence compared to many countries. This is evident from the fact that the growth of Indian economy has been driven by the services sector rather than manufacturing, which prompted many researches to conclude that India has leapfrogged the phase of industrialization. This chapter examines the impact of services-led growth and the role of information technology in India through a comparative analysis of manufacturing versus services in export performance and employment scenario. The chapter concludes that India needs a more broad-based policy of technology adoption, not only to sustain its services-led growth but also to boost its manufacturing sector as well as make the economic development more inclusive.

Manufacturing vs. Services and the Role of Information Technology

2018 ◽  
pp. 7234-7247
Author(s):  
Arnab Adhikari ◽  
Shromona Ganguly
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Role Of Information

The role of information technology is often debated in the context of economic development of the developing countries. In order to understand the role technology plays in the structural change of the economy, the chapter analyses the case of India, which, according to many researchers has experienced an “idiosyncratic” pattern of structural changes since its independence compared to many countries. This is evident from the fact that growth of Indian economy has been driven by the services sector rather than manufacturing which prompted many researches to conclude that India has leapfrogged the phase of industrialization. This chapter examines the impact of services-led growth and the role of Information Technology in India through a comparative analysis of manufacturing versus services in export performance and employment scenario. The study concludes that the India needs a more broad based policy of technology adoption, not only to sustain its services led growth but also to boost its manufacturing sector as well as make the economic development more inclusive.

LABOUR MARKET TRANSFORMATION UNDER MODERN CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
N.G. VISHNEVSKAYA ◽  
◽  
O.V. ALESHKINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Market Environment ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The article analyzes the current processes on the global labor market in Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan. Changing demographic proportions, the pension reform, migration processes, intensive development of production technologies, automation, the use of artificial intelligence all these factors are undoubtedly transforming the labor market environment. The content of occupation is changing, structural changes in the economy lead to the dropping-out of a number of specialties and the emergence of new ones, which did not exist before. To match the supply of labor resources to the modern requirements of the economy, new competencies of workers as well as continuous training or retraining are required. Educational institutions have to adapt to the new requirements of the labor market environment to meet the needs of the labor market for qualified specialists with relevant knowledge and skills. Major changes in the labor market amid the spread of the new coronavirus infection have affected most countries of the world economy, including Russia. A long period of restrictions in most industries is reflected in the economic indicators of enterprises, development opportunities, and the number of required workers. The situation with the pandemic clearly demonstrates how unstable the modern labor market is; how events that occur in one country in the world are capable of undermining the whole balance, even in fairly stable and durable economic systems. The article analyzes the situation on the labor market of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main problems of the region in this direction are highlighted. The analysis of the situation in the registered labor market showed that in 8 months of 2020 the number of officially registered unemployed increased 5 times, the level of registered unemployment increased 5.5 times, tension in the labor market increased 3 times. In the context of a worsening economic situation caused by an unfavorable epidemiological situation, the situation with the employment of citizens has become more complicated. The analysis showed that for several years the employment rate remained stable at 70%, and by September 2020 it was 17.4%. Currently, the labor market in Russia experiences the consequences of the economic crisis caused by the unfavorable epidemiological situation. The crisis is changing the forms of employment, which is becoming remote, non-standard, online professions appear. The structure of labor demand is changing. Labor resources will be rebuilt or replenish the modern labor market. In these conditions, the role of the state is growing significantly and there is no doubt in the need of the development of the anti-crisis plan for the labor market’s regulation.

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