Employment Transformation in the Vietnamese Economy in Light of the Lewis-Fei-Ranis Growth Model of A Labor-Abundant Economy

2014 ◽  
pp. 49-67
Author(s):  
Kien Nguyen Trung
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Dominant State ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
State Enterprises

This paper studies structural changes in the Vietnamese economy during the reform era, with emphasis on the role of the manufacturing sector in employment generation. A stage-setting survey of analytical framework and empirical evidence of employment transformation in a labor-abundant economy in East Asia has enabled a statistical analysis of employment transformation in Vietnam over the two recent decades. The findings suggest that the manufacturing sector has shown an improved performance in attracting massive amounts of unskilled workers from agriculture. Within manufacturing, the private sector firms, in particular the foreign-invested enterprises, have been increasingly responsible for job creation, contributing to the gradual erosion of the dominant state enterprises.

Manufacturing vs. Services and the Role of Information Technology

2019 ◽  
pp. 416-430
Author(s):  
Arnab Adhikari ◽  
Shromona Ganguly
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Role Of Information

The role of information technology is often debated in the context of economic development of the developing countries. In order to understand the role technology plays in the structural change of the economy, the chapter analyzes the case of India, which, according to many researchers, has experienced an “idiosyncratic” pattern of structural changes since its independence compared to many countries. This is evident from the fact that the growth of Indian economy has been driven by the services sector rather than manufacturing, which prompted many researches to conclude that India has leapfrogged the phase of industrialization. This chapter examines the impact of services-led growth and the role of information technology in India through a comparative analysis of manufacturing versus services in export performance and employment scenario. The chapter concludes that India needs a more broad-based policy of technology adoption, not only to sustain its services-led growth but also to boost its manufacturing sector as well as make the economic development more inclusive.

Manufacturing vs. Services and the Role of Information Technology

2018 ◽  
pp. 7234-7247
Author(s):  
Arnab Adhikari ◽  
Shromona Ganguly
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Role Of Information

The role of information technology is often debated in the context of economic development of the developing countries. In order to understand the role technology plays in the structural change of the economy, the chapter analyses the case of India, which, according to many researchers has experienced an “idiosyncratic” pattern of structural changes since its independence compared to many countries. This is evident from the fact that growth of Indian economy has been driven by the services sector rather than manufacturing which prompted many researches to conclude that India has leapfrogged the phase of industrialization. This chapter examines the impact of services-led growth and the role of Information Technology in India through a comparative analysis of manufacturing versus services in export performance and employment scenario. The study concludes that the India needs a more broad based policy of technology adoption, not only to sustain its services led growth but also to boost its manufacturing sector as well as make the economic development more inclusive.

Insurgency and Advocacy: Unauthorized Foreign Workers and Civil Society in South Korea

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Contract Labor

Due to major structural changes in the 1980s, South Korea initiated an international contract labor program known as the industrial trainee system in 1991. Started ostensibly as a temporary measure to deal with domestic labor shortage in the declining manufacturing sector, the program has spread recently to other sectors, including fisheries, construction and agriculture. Currently, over 300,000 unskilled foreigners reside in South Korea, of which two out of every three persons are identified as unauthorized workers. This article examines how the South Korean industrial trainee program systematically produces unauthorized workers and highlights the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in protecting the human rights of foreign workers. The successful collaboration of South Korea's civil society stems from its unique historical formation, rooted in democracy movements of earlier decades. It also implicates strong prospects for substantive integration of foreign workers and, as a consequence, suggests important changes in the country's social and economic structures.

‘Make in India’ Campaign: Labour Law Reform Strategy and Its Impact on Job Creation Opportunities in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Anushree Karani ◽  
Rasananda Panda
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Skill Requirement ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Impact

The need of employment generation has never been more pressing than now when youth is occupying larger share in the pie of demographic profile of the country. There are several employment challenges such as adequate skill requirement and large-scale employment generation, flexibility of employer to cope up with turbulent global manufacturing environment and social security programme to cater to the need of employees. Development of manufacturing sector is always at the centre irrespective of NDA (National Democratic Alliance) led government or UPA (United Progressive Alliance) led government. To create jobs for the manufacturing sector is always a challenging task. This article throws some light on the manufacturing employment scenario in the pre-reform and post-reform era. This article also tries to explore the impact of recent proposed labour law reforms on the job creation opportunities. It follows exploratory—secondary data—research design. The scope of this research is limited to two major laws, namely, Factories Act, 1948 and Apprenticeship Act, 1961, and other law reforms in the country. With the support of the recent 26th Quarterly Employment Survey by labour ministry and the analysis of the labour law reforms, this article leads to the conclusion that these reforms have not had any significant impact on the job creation opportunities.

REGIONAL SKILL DIFFERENTIALS: A STUDY OF THE INDONESIAN LABOR MARKET

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
TRI MULYANINGSIH ◽  
RIYANA MIRANTI ◽  
ANNE DALY ◽  
CHRIS MANNING
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Skill Premium ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Modern Services

This study investigates the patterns and trends in the returns to skill in the Indonesian labor market over the period 2007 to 2013, a period of rising earnings and income inequality. The study takes into account the labor demand and supply across regional development regions and over time. It presents evidence on the returns to skill related to structural changes in the economy through the growth of modern services and the resource boom. It confirms that skill premiums varied across regional development areas. The composition of industries across regions, female labor participation, the proportion of casual workers, the supply of tertiary-educated workers and factors unique to each region are all determinants of the regional skill premiums. The results support the policy focus on developing human capital in Indonesia to meet the rising demand for skilled workers and show the role of the manufacturing sector and minimum wages policy in reducing the skill premium.

scholarly journals A Discussion on India’s Manufacturing Sector: Weaknesses and the Way Forward

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Kakar
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Current State ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Indian Manufacturing Sector ◽  
The Right

Despite the significant role of the tertiary sector to national growth and employment generation, there is no denying to the importance of the manufacturing sector which has the potential to bring stable and sustainable growth for Indian economy in the long run. However, the industry has not grown at the desired speed and has not generated enough employment opportunities. In light of the critical nature of the manufacturing sector as a contributor to economic growth and development, governmental interventions such as policy level changes and provisioning of incentives and relaxations on starting, sustaining and expanding operations in this sector, have been made. However, the gains have not been commensurate to the push being provided. Thus, it becomes important to explore and understand that the right impetus on the right points. This paper attempts to meet three objectives - to examine the current state of Indian manufacturing sector, to identify the major reasons for the ailing manufacturing sector and to suggest measures in the form of policy prescriptions or reforms which can make a credible and positive difference to the state of manufacturing in India. The three objectives are sequentially discussed and achieved by use of secondary data sources that include existing accessible research studies, governmental and institutional databases and relevant books.

Economic Growth: New Problems and New Risks

2006 ◽  
pp. 20-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Rate Of Growth

The economic growth, which is underway in Russia, raises new questions to be addressed. How to improve the quality of growth, increasing the role of new competitive sectors and transforming them into the driving force of growth? How can progressive structural changes be implemented without hampering the rate of growth in general? What are the main external and internal risks, which may undermine positive trends of development? The author looks upon financial, monetary and foreign exchange aspects of the problem and comes up with some suggestions on how to make growth more competitive and sustainable.

Effects of Myo-inositol Alone and in Combination with Seleno-Lmethionine on Cadmium-Induced Testicular Damage in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Benvenga ◽  
Antonio Micali ◽  
Giovanni Pallio ◽  
Roberto Vita ◽  
Consuelo Malta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Testicular Lesions ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analyses

Background: Cadmium (Cd) impairs gametogenesis and damages the blood-testis barrier. Objective: As the primary mechanism of Cd-induced damage is oxidative stress, the effects of two natural antioxidants, myo-inositol (MI) and seleno-L-methionine (Se), were evaluated in mice testes. Methods: Eighty-four male C57 BL/6J mice were divided into twelve groups: 0.9% NaCl (vehicle; 1 ml/kg/day i.p.); Se (0.2 mg/kg/day per os); Se (0.4 mg/kg/day per os); MI (360 mg/kg/day per os); MI plus Se (0.2 mg/kg/day); MI plus Se (0.4 mg/kg/day); CdCl2 (2 mg/kg/day i.p.) plus vehicle; CdCl2 plus MI; CdCl2 plus Se (0.2 mg/kg/day); CdCl2 plus Se (0.4 mg/kg/day); CdCl2 plus MI plus Se (0.2 mg/kg/day); and CdCl2 plus MI plus Se (0.4 mg/kg/day). After 14 days, testes were processed for biochemical, structural and immunohistochemical analyses. Results: CdCl2 increased iNOS and TNF-α expression and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, lowered glutathione (GSH) and testosterone, induced testicular lesions, and almost eliminated claudin-11 immunoreactivity. Se administration at 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg significantly reduced iNOS and TNF-α expression, maintained GSH, MDA and testosterone levels, structural changes and low claudin-11 immunoreactivity. MI alone or associated with Se at 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg significantly reduced iNOS and TNF-α expression and MDA levels, increased GSH and testosterone levels, ameliorated structural organization and increased claudin-11 patches number. Conclusion: We demonstrated a protective effect of MI, a minor role of Se and an evident positive role of the association between MI and Se on Cd-induced damages of the testis. MI alone or associated with Se might protect testes in subjects exposed to toxicants, at least to those with behavior similar to Cd.

Cartographic production in Russia: main stages and trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 963 (9) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Chronological Order ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
Further Development

Studying the current state of cartography and ways of further developing the industry, the role of the map in the future of the society, new methods of promoting cartographic products is impossible without a deep scientific analyzing all the paths, events and factors influencing its formation and development throughout all the historic steps of cartographic production in Russia. In the article, the history of cartographic production in Russia is considered together with the development of private, state and military cartography, since, despite some differences, they have a common technical, technological and production basis. The author describes the stages of originating, formation and growth of industrial cartographic production from the beginning of the XVIII century until now. The connection between the change of political formations and technological structures with the mentioned stages of maps and atlases production is considered. Each stage is studied in detail, a step-by-step analysis was carried out, and the characteristics of each stage are described. All the events and facts are given in chronological order, highlighting especially significant moments influencing the evolution of cartographic production. The data on the volumes of printing and sales of atlases and maps by commercial and state enterprises are presented. The main trends and lines of further development of cartographic production in Russia are studied.

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