Photoemission process — Relation with quantum entanglement

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (18) ◽  
pp. 1850105
Author(s):  
J. T. Wang ◽  
J. D. Fan
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
The Universe

It is well known that an electron has either spin-up or spin-down state and a photon has two possible polarizations called spin [Formula: see text] or spin [Formula: see text]. But when two particles are created, the two particles can have 50% of one state and 50% in the other. This is called the two particles in quantum entanglement. The spooky thing is that an event at one point in the universe can instantaneously affect the event that is arbitrarily far away between these two particles. a The entanglement of the two particles can be electron or photon. We believe, in order to study this phenomenon we have to study further than the previously established principles of quantum mechanics, that is, to study how an electron creates a photon and how it interacts with the photon emitted. a Quantum entanglement simplified-video results — Quantum entanglement and spooky action at a distance, youtube.com, two years ago.

CHANGES OF TOPOLOGY AND CHANGES OF SIGNATURE

1994 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
G W GIBBONS
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Numbers ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Closed Timelike Curves ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Evolution Of The Universe ◽  
Lorentzian Signature ◽  
The Universe

Some recent ideas about topology and signature changing spacetimes are described. If spacetime is everywhere Lorentzian but non-orientable, one can sometimes avoid closed timelike curves, but one must must consider pinors rather than spinors. One finds that there is now an important distinction between signature (+ + + −) and (− − − +). In some cases one signature may be excluded and the other allowed. Topology changing spacetimes with domains of non-Lorentzian signature are considered. These domains may be Riemannian or Kleinian (+ + − −). It is argued that our present signature, together with the idea of time must have arisen as the consequence of physical processes. This emergence of the idea of time is also connected with the origin of the complex numbers in Quantum Mechanics which should also be regarded as the consequence of the evolution of the universe.

scholarly journals Theoretical Proof that Entangled Polarized Photons Allow Superluminal Communication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Ritzmann
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Particle ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Polarized Photons ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Faster Than Light

Abstract In Quantum Mechanics, two particles are entangled if their physical states depend on one another's so that if we find one of them in state A, for example, we will be sure that the other is in state B. However, until the state of a quantum particle is measured, it will be in a superposition of states, being in neither one nor the other until then, so when an entangled particle is measured, its pair also assumes a state instantly and regardless of how far away it is from the other particle at that time. As promising as it could be to use this fact for instantaneous communication, Quantum Mechanics seems to claim this is impossible, as no method ever invented to do this has worked until today. What we demonstrate here theoretically is that with a protocol and simple optical devices, two people who share polarized entangled pairs of photons can send information to each other faster than light. If this model of communication proves to be experimentally functional, we will have a contradiction to Einstein's theories of relativity, and otherwise, we will have Quantum Mechanics predicting something that does not happen in real life. This result, therefore, shows there is something fundamental about the universe we do not know yet. One of these theories must be mistaken and both deal with fundamental aspects of reality, such as the dynamics of space and time, and the particles that almost all matter around us are made of. Besides, this result is of great relevance also because it has immediate applications in several areas if the model works experimentally, as in space exploration and security, since it will allow the creation of non-interceptable instantaneous communication technologies.

scholarly journals Modified Gravity and Dark Matter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Abbas ◽  
Nasim Akhtar ◽  
Danish Alam
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Modified Gravity ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gravitational Mass ◽  
Galilei Group ◽  
The Universe

At present there is a renewed interest in theories of ”modified” gravity. Here, under a more drastic modification enforced by Galilei group, we obtain a completely new gravitational structure, and which exists in addition to the already available general relativity of today. Correlated with this, we show that in addition, there is a new ”modified” quantum mechanics, in as much as it exists as an independent and new ”pure” non-relativistic quantum me- chanics, and which has no relativistic counterpart. This is in addition to the present quantum mechanics, where the relativistic and non-relativistic structures are counterparts of each other. The above holds, firstly due to the correlation between Galilei group and quantum mechanics. These math- ematical conclusions are consolidated by the fact that there exists a physical Majorana interaction between each neutron- proton pairs in nuclei. Galilei invariance of Majorana exchange in Majorana interaction, shows that the mass here is of pure gravitational nature, and which is immune to the other three forces. This makes an amazing connection between the gravitational force and the quantum mechanics. This pure gravitational mass would man- ifest itself as dark matter of the universe. It is our new modified gravity that generates the dark matter.

scholarly journals Gravity, Entanglement and Spin Possible Timeless State of the Universe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Farag Ali
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Inertial Frame ◽  
Quantum Particle ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
Geometric Interpretation ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Problem Of Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Universe

I localize gravity to match its measurements with the local inertial frame of special relativity. I find a geometric interpretation of the speed of light and mass. I find also a relation between every mass measured and the black hole entropy which introduces information-matter equation from gravity. Through localization of gravity, a timeless state of the universe emerges and the uncertainty principle does not hold since the velocity concept is replaced by distance in this timeless state. This would resolve the problem of time because timeless state of the universe emerges naturally and mathematically consistent. This would suggest that gravity form the hidden one variable of quantum mechanics which would complete the relation between quantum mechanics and gravity. The experimental evidence of timeless state of the universe is the quantum entanglement. Since the spin measurement is the manifestation of quantum entanglement. Therefore, the spin of quantum particle can be originated from geometrical or gravitational red-shift. We introduce also a principle of least computation which is achieved when the ratio equal to the difference in the process of local gravitational measurements.

What is Quantum Entanglement?

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Gershon Kurizki ◽  
Goren Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Entangled State ◽  
Quantum Objects ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Non Locality

In this adventure, two quantum characters interact, because Henry has constructed a quantum suit for his cat, Schred. Henry and Schred end up in a quantum-entangled state. Remarkably, by measuring one of two entangled systems, the state of the other system is immediately collapsed, even if they are far apart. This bizarre feature of entanglement implies non-locality—synchronization or “collusion” between quantum objects, regardless of their distance. Cosmology provides an explanation: the universe emerged from a unified state describable as a quantum-entangled “hologram”. This notion resonates with the ancient Hindu view that the common essence of all things, the Brahman, can be revealed at every level of the natural hierarchy. The appendix to this chapter discusses operators that create entanglement.

scholarly journals The Nature and Realization of Quantum Entanglement

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Liang
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Quantum State ◽  
Action At A Distance

<p class="1Body">This paper analyses the nature of quantum entanglement, proves the quantum entanglement is not action at a distance, proposes a scheme to realize quantum entanglement, explains that the quantum entanglement is not action at a distance and the non-cloning theorem of quantum state ensure the quantum mechanics is consistent with relativity and make the superluminal communication could not happened.</p>

On the removal of divergences in electrodynamics: a global point of view

1993 ◽  
Vol 442 (1915) ◽  
pp. 469-484 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particle ◽  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Classical Electrodynamics ◽  
Theoretical Mass ◽  
Quantum Version ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
The Universe

This paper explores the implications of Dirac’s seminal work on the concept of self­-energy of a charged particle in classical electrodynamics. To avoid the notion of divergent acceleration through self-action, Dirac offered an alternative that involved the existence of preacceleration and an apparent departure from the inherent causality of special relativity. It is argued that Dirac’s solution appears naturally in the electrodynamics described by action at a distance. In this framework the notion of self-action is replaced by that of the response of the universe on the large scale. Provided the universe has the correct large-scale structure, there are no divergent integrals either in the classical or the quantum version of electrodynamics. The price one has to pay involves replacing the purely local Lorentz invariant picture by a global cosmological one. On the other hand the price of standard renormalizable quantum electrodynamics is that of the theoretical mass of the electron is infinitely negative, a requirement that Dirac regarded as absurd, far worse than the loss of local invariance in favour of global invariance, the position adopted here.

“Non-locality”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Healey
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Entangled States ◽  
Entangled Quantum States ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Non Locality

Quantum entanglement is popularly believed to give rise to spooky action at a distance of a kind that Einstein decisively rejected. Indeed, important recent experiments on systems assigned entangled states have been claimed to refute Einstein by exhibiting such spooky action. After reviewing two considerations in favor of this view I argue that quantum theory can be used to explain puzzling correlations correctly predicted by assignment of entangled quantum states with no such instantaneous action at a distance. We owe both considerations in favor of the view to arguments of John Bell. I present simplified forms of these arguments as well as a game that provides insight into the situation. The argument I give in response turns on a prescriptive view of quantum states that differs both from Dirac’s (as stated in Chapter 2) and Einstein’s.

scholarly journals IMPLICATIONS OF A QUANTUM MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF THE UNIVERSE

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
MURAT ÖZER
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Wave Packet ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Correspondence Principle ◽  
Scale Factor ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Quantum Mechanical Treatment ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

We attempt to treat the very early Universe according to quantum mechanics. Identifying the scale factor of the Universe with the width of the wave packet associated with it, we show that there cannot be an initial singularity and that the Universe expands. Invoking the correspondence principle, we obtain the scale factor of the Universe and demonstrate that the causality problem of the standard model is solved.

scholarly journals How to Erase Quantum Monogamy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Ghenadie Mardari
Keyword(s):  
Quantum System ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Arrow Of Time ◽  
Quantum Level ◽  
Delayed Choice ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Quantum Erasure ◽  
Non Locality

The phenomenon of quantum erasure exposed a remarkable ambiguity in the interpretation of quantum entanglement. On the one hand, the data is compatible with the possibility of arrow-of-time violations. On the other hand, it is also possible that temporal non-locality is an artifact of post-selection. Twenty years later, this problem can be solved with a quantum monogamy experiment, in which four entangled quanta are measured in a delayed-choice arrangement. If Bell violations can be recovered from a “monogamous” quantum system, then the arrow of time is obeyed at the quantum level.

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