scholarly journals THE COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT PROBLEM AND INFLATION IN THE STRING LANDSCAPE

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1925-1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
QING-GUO HUANG ◽  
S.-H. HENRY TYE
Keyword(s):  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Brane World ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
String Landscape ◽  
Quantum Treatment ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Nucleation Bubble

An earlier paper points out that a quantum treatment of the string landscape is necessary. It suggests that the wave function of the universe is mobile in the landscape until the universe reaches a meta-stable site with its cosmological constant Λ0 smaller than the critical value Λc, where Λc is estimated to be exponentially small compared to the Planck scale. Since this site has an exponentially long lifetime, it may well be today's universe. We investigate specific scenarios based on this quantum diffusion property of the cosmic landscape and find a plausible scenario for the early universe. In the last fast tunneling to the Λ0(<Λc) site in this scenario, all energies are stored in the nucleation bubble walls, which are released to radiation only after bubble collisions and thermalization. So the Λ0 site is chosen even if Λ0 plus radiation is larger than Λc, as long as the radiation does not destabilize the Λ0 vacuum. A consequence is that inflation must happen before this last fast tunneling, so the inflationary scenario that emerges naturally is extended brane inflation, where the brane motion includes a combination of rolling, fast tunnelings, slow-roll, hopping and percolation in the landscape. We point out that, in the brane world, radiation during nucleosynthesis are mostly on the standard model branes (brane radiation, as opposed to radiation in the bulk). This distinction may lead to interesting dynamics. We consider this paper as a road map for future investigations.

BLACK HOLE QUANTIZATION, THERMODYNAMICS AND COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 885-898
Author(s):  
LI XIANG
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Additional Term ◽  
Logarithmic Correction ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Horizon Area ◽  
Constant Distance ◽  
The Universe

Bekenstein argues that the horizon area of a black hole has a constant distance spectrum. We investigate the effects of such a discrete spectrum on the thermodynamics of a Schwarzchild black hole (SBH) and a Schwarzchild–de Sitter black hole (SdBH), in terms of the time-energy uncertainty relation and Stefan–Boltzman law. For the massive SBH, a negative and logarithmic correction to the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy is obtained, as well as other authors by using other methods. As to the minimal hole near the Planck scale, its entropy is no longer proportional to the horizon area, but is of order of the mass of the hole. This is similar to an excited stringy state. The vanishing heat capacity of such a minimal black hole implies that it may be a remnant as the ground state of the evaporating hole. The properties of a SdBH are similar to the SBH, except for an additional term of square area associated with the cosmological constant. In order to maintain the validity of the Bekenstein–Hawking formula, the cosmological constant is strongly limited by the size of the biggest black hole in the universe. A relation associated with the cosmological constant, Planck area and the Stefan–Boltzman constant is obtained. The cosmological constant is not only related to the vacuum energy, but is also related to the thermodynamics.

scholarly journals Higgs cosmology

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2114) ◽  
pp. 20170128
Author(s):  
Arttu Rajantie
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Higgs Field ◽  
Cosmological Observations ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Vacuum Instability ◽  
Ultimate Fate ◽  
Physics Experiments ◽  
The Universe

The discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 and other results from the Large Hadron Collider have confirmed the standard model of particle physics as the correct theory of elementary particles and their interactions up to energies of several TeV. Remarkably, the theory may even remain valid all the way to the Planck scale of quantum gravity, and therefore it provides a solid theoretical basis for describing the early Universe. Furthermore, the Higgs field itself has unique properties that may have allowed it to play a central role in the evolution of the Universe, from inflation to cosmological phase transitions and the origin of both baryonic and dark matter, and possibly to determine its ultimate fate through the electroweak vacuum instability. These connections between particle physics and cosmology have given rise to a new and growing field of Higgs cosmology, which promises to shed new light on some of the most puzzling questions about the Universe as new data from particle physics experiments and cosmological observations become available. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Higgs cosmology’.

scholarly journals Vacuum energy and the cosmological constant

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (22) ◽  
pp. 1540033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Bass
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Large Hadron Collider ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Vacuum Energy Density ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

The accelerating expansion of the Universe points to a small positive value for the cosmological constant or vacuum energy density. We discuss recent ideas that the cosmological constant plus Large Hadron Collider (LHC) results might hint at critical phenomena near the Planck scale.

scholarly journals CONSTRAINTS ON DARK ENERGY FROM THE OBSERVED EXPANSION OF OUR COSMIC HORIZON

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (07) ◽  
pp. 1113-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
FULVIO MELIA
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Cosmic Time ◽  
Accelerating Universe ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Dark Energy Component ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Age Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

Within the context of standard cosmology, an accelerating universe requires the presence of a third "dark" component of energy, beyond matter and radiation. The available data, however, are still deemed insufficient to distinguish between an evolving dark energy component and the simplest model of a time-independent cosmological constant. In this paper, we examine the cosmological expansion in terms of observer-dependent coordinates, in addition to the more conventional comoving coordinates. This procedure explicitly reveals the role played by the radius Rh of our cosmic horizon in the interrogation of the data. (In Rindler's notation, Rh coincides with the "event horizon" in the case of de Sitter, but changes in time for other cosmologies that also contain matter and/or radiation.) With this approach, we show that the interpretation of dark energy as a cosmological constant is clearly disfavored by the observations. Within the framework of standard Friedmann–Robertson–Walker cosmology, we derive an equation describing the evolution of Rh, and solve it using the WMAP and Type Ia supernova data. In particular, we consider the meaning of the observed equality (or near-equality) Rh(t0) ≅ ct0, where t0 is the age of the universe. This empirical result is far from trivial, for a cosmological constant would drive Rh(t) toward ct (t is the cosmic time) only once — and that would have to occur right now. Though we are not here espousing any particular alternative model of dark energy, for comparison we also consider scenarios in which dark energy is given by scaling solutions, which simultaneously eliminate several conundrums in the standard model, including the "coincidence" and "flatness" problems, and account very well for the fact that Rh(t0) ≈ ct0.

scholarly journals Beyond the standard Higgs after the 125 GeV Higgs discovery

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2032) ◽  
pp. 20140042 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Grojean
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Weakly Coupled ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Large Quantum ◽  
Organizing Principles

An elementary, weakly coupled and solitary Higgs boson allows one to extend the validity of the Standard Model up to very high energy, maybe as high as the Planck scale. Nonetheless, this scenario fails to fill the universe with dark matter and does not explain the matter–antimatter asymmetry. However, amending the Standard Model tends to destabilize the weak scale by large quantum corrections to the Higgs potential. New degrees of freedom, new forces, new organizing principles are required to provide a consistent and natural description of physics beyond the standard Higgs.

Inflation, LHC and the Higgs boson

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (28n29) ◽  
pp. 1545001
Author(s):  
Fedor Bezrukov ◽  
Mikhail Shaposhnikov
Keyword(s):  
Higgs Boson ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Inflationary Cosmology ◽  
Evolution Of The Universe ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

After the Higgs boson has been discovered, the Standard Model of particle physics became a confirmed theory, potentially valid up to the Planck scale and allowing to trace the evolution of the Universe from inflationary stage till the present days. We discuss the relation between the results from the LHC and the inflationary cosmology. We given an overview of the Higgs inflation, and its relation to the possible metastability of the electroweak vacuum. A short overview of the bounds on the metastability of the electroweak vacuum in the models with inflation not related to the Higgs boson is presented.

scholarly journals SUSY Perceptions Reveal Standard Model Contradictions: Gravity Absence, Hierarchy Problem, Antimatter Puzzle, Muon g-2 Results, Anti-Down Quark Domination

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Housam H Safadi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Real World ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hierarchy Problem ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Down Quark ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

The road map in this research proves that the universe emerged from SUSY. Proving that, we link between two different classes of SM, fermions, and bosons in supersymmetry with their properties in the Standard Model of particle physics. According to SM properties, the bosons have spin one, while fermions have spin 1/2. We suggest differentiating between bosons and fermions angular momentum in our real world with a supersymmetrical state. We presume that bosons and fermions in their supersymmetric environment will have akin graviton spin angular momentum 2, while their superpartners will have spin one. In addition to that, in the supersymmetric environment, the fermion, boson, and their counterparts experience CPT conservation. They enjoy eternity with "Gravitons." Once upon a time, the boson and fermion descended from a supersymmetric state down through string theories' dimensions and M-theory's branes, stabilizing and forming SM quarks and, therefore, everything in our real world

scholarly journals Revolutionary Approach for Fusion of the Classic, Relativity and Quantum field Theories: Sayed’s Acceleration Equation and Probable Violation of E=mc2

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
Sayed A. El-Mongy
Keyword(s):  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Vacuum Energy Density ◽  
Quantum Field Theories ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Atom Nucleus ◽  
The Universe

Expansion of the universe is a divine fact in the glorious Quran. The accelerated expansion of the universe is one of the physics mysteries and challenges. This article is a try to find an answer to this ambiguity. A simple fusion and merging of the Newton, Einstein and quantum field equations were carried out to clarify this topic. Innovative equations correlating the acceleration (As), cosmological constant (Ʌ), vacuum energy density (ρ) and distance (d) was deduced. It can be concluded that Sayed`s acceleration constant (As) is proportional to (Ʌ/ρ), (1/8mc2) and (1/πd2). The derivative equation reveals a probable violation of the mass-energy formula (E= mc2); the speed of light might be 12.5% more. This disparity may be due to antimatter contribution; neutrino-antineutrino, β-β+ annihilation and/or a predicted unrecognized very light particle in the atom nucleus. The Sayed`s acceleration constant (As) and (As/Ʌ) ratio were calculated and found to be 6.33825x10-8 m/s2 and 5.7620475x10+44 m3/s2 respectively. Using Sayed`s equations, the calculated acceleration in planck scale is matched with the declared 5.56081x1051 m/s2 value. The The calculated recession velocity at 1 Mpc was found to be 6.5192677 x 108 m/s .and the cosmological constant (Ʌ) is as measured;~1.1x10-52 m-2

scholarly journals New quantum phase of the Universe before inflation and its cosmological and dark energy implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (27) ◽  
pp. 1950155
Author(s):  
Norma G. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Quantum Domain ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Classical Quantum ◽  
De Sitter Universe ◽  
The Universe

The physical history of the Universe is completed by including the quantum Planckian and trans-Planckian phase before inflation in the Standard Model of the Universe in agreement with observations. In the absence of a complete quantum theory of gravity, we start from quantum physics and its foundational milestone. The universal classical-quantum (or wave-particle) duality, which we extend to gravity and the Planck domain. As a consequence, classical, quantum Planckian and super-Planckian regimes are covered, and the usual quantum domain as well. A new quantum precursor phase of the Universe appears beyond the Planck scale [Formula: see text]: [Formula: see text]; the known classical/semiclassical Universe being in the range: [Formula: see text]. We extend in this way the de Sitter Universe to the quantum domain: classical-quantum de Sitter duality. As a result: (i) The classical and quantum dual de Sitter temperatures and entropies are naturally included, and the different (classical, semiclassical, quantum Planckian and trans-Planckian) de Sitter regimes characterized in a precise and unifying way. (ii) We apply it to relevant cosmological examples as the CMB, inflation and dark energy. This allows us to find in a simple and consistent way. (iii) Full quantum inflationary spectra and their CMB observables, including in particular the classical known inflation spectra and the quantum corrections to them. (iv) A whole unifying picture for the Universe epochs and their quantum precursors emerges with the cosmological constant as the vacuum energy, entropy and temperature of the Universe, clarifying the so-called cosmological constant problem which once more in its rich history needed to be revised.

Energy scale of inflation from the recurrence time of the universe

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550026
Author(s):  
K. Ropotenko
Keyword(s):  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Recurrence Time ◽  
Inflationary Universe ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Cosmological Constant Problem ◽  
The Universe

It is shown that the de Sitter equilibrium cosmology predicts the energy scale of inflation that significantly exceeds the Planck scale. An alternative calculation of the probability for a fluctuation into an inflationary universe is proposed which gives a more realistic energy scale of inflation. An interpretation of the cosmological constant problem in the de Sitter equilibrium cosmology is briefly discussed.

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