The isospin strange asymmetry from the chiral effective theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (14n15) ◽  
pp. 1850083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Augusto Trevisan ◽  
Carlos Mirez
Keyword(s):  
Strange Quark ◽  
Small Difference ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Cutoff Parameter ◽  
Isospin Asymmetry ◽  
Chiral Theory ◽  
The Difference

The proposal of the present work is to study the difference between the strange quark–antiquark amount in the proton and neutron. For this purpose, the possible nucleon–hyperon–kaon fluctuations are analyzed with the effective chiral theory. The small difference of particle masses is shown to be in the origin of this isospin asymmetry. The dependence of the results on the mass cutoff parameter and with the coupling constants is analyzed.

The Difference in Sensing Properties Towards Anions between Two Pyridinium Amide-Based Receptors with a Subtle Change of H-Bond Position

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 472-478
Author(s):  
Wei-tao Gong ◽  
Wei-dong Qu ◽  
Guiling Ning
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Enhancement ◽  
Small Difference ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Subtle Change ◽  
Sensing Properties ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
The Difference ◽  
L1 And L2

Two pyridinium amide-based receptors L1 and L2 with a small difference of H-bond position of the amide have been synthesized and characterized. Interestingly, they exhibited a huge difference in sensing towards AcO- and H2PO4 -, respectively. Receptor L1 was found to be ‘naked-eye’ selective for AcO- anions, while receptor L2 showed clear fluorescence enhancement selective to H2PO4 - anion. The recognition ability has been established by fluorescence emission, UV-vis spectra, and 1HNMR titration.

scholarly journals Carbon Isotope Fractionation during the Formation of CO2 Hydrate and Equilibrium Pressures of 12CO2 and 13CO2 Hydrates

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4215
Author(s):  
Hiromi Kimura ◽  
Go Fuseya ◽  
Satoshi Takeya ◽  
Akihiro Hachikubo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Small Difference ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Formation Temperature ◽  
Carbon Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Unit Cell Size ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Difference

Knowledge of carbon isotope fractionation is needed in order to discuss the formation and dissociation of naturally occurring CO2 hydrates. We investigated carbon isotope fractionation during CO2 hydrate formation and measured the three-phase equilibria of 12CO2–H2O and 13CO2–H2O systems. From a crystal structure viewpoint, the difference in the Raman spectra of hydrate-bound 12CO2 and 13CO2 was revealed, although their unit cell size was similar. The δ13C of hydrate-bound CO2 was lower than that of the residual CO2 (1.0–1.5‰) in a formation temperature ranging between 226 K and 278 K. The results show that the small difference between equilibrium pressures of ~0.01 MPa in 12CO2 and 13CO2 hydrates causes carbon isotope fractionation of ~1‰. However, the difference between equilibrium pressures in the 12CO2–H2O and 13CO2–H2O systems was smaller than the standard uncertainties of measurement; more accurate pressure measurement is required for quantitative discussion.

Relation between Magnetic, Spectroscopic and Structural Properties of Binuclear Copper(II) Complexes of Pentadentate Schiff-base Ligand, Semi-empirical and ab-initio Calculations

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Elerman ◽  
H. Kara ◽  
A. Elmali
Keyword(s):  
Ab Initio ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Antiferromagnetic Coupling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
Ligand Orbital ◽  
Rhf Calculations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Semi Empirical

The synthesis and characterization of [Cu2(L1)(3,5 prz)] (L1=1,3-Bis(2-hydroxy-3,5-chlorosalicylideneamino) propan-2-ol) 1 and of [Cu2(L2)(3,5 prz)] (L2=1,3-Bis(2-hydroxy-bromosalicylideneamino) propan-2-ol) 2 are reported. The compounds were studied by elemental analysis, infrared and electronic spectra. The structure of the Cu2(L1)(3,5 prz)] complex was determined by x-ray diffraction. The magnetochemical characteristics of these compounds were determined by temperaturedependent magnetic susceptibility measurements, revealing their antiferromagnetic coupling. The superexchange coupling constants are 210 cm−1 for 1 and 440 cm−1 for 2. The difference in the magnitude of the coupling constants was explained by the metal-ligand orbital overlaps and confirmed by ab-initio restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) calculations. In order to determine the nature of the frontier orbitals, Extended Hückel Molecular Orbital (EHMO) calculations are also reported.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Model for the Origin of the Cutoff Parameter in Exotic Compact Objects

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2072
Author(s):  
Wilson Alexander Rojas Castillo ◽  
Jose Robel Arenas Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Compact Objects ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Gravitational Radius ◽  
Cutoff Parameter ◽  
Gravitational Field Equations ◽  
Dynamic Quantity ◽  
The Difference

A Black Hole (BH) is a spacetime region with a horizon and where geodesics converge to a singularity. At such a point, the gravitational field equations fail. As an alternative to the problem of the singularity arises the existence of Exotic Compact Objects (ECOs) that prevent the problem of the singularity through a transition phase of matter once it has crossed the horizon. ECOs are characterized by a closeness parameter or cutoff, ϵ, which measures the degree of compactness of the object. This parameter is established as the difference between the radius of the ECO’s surface and the gravitational radius. Thus, different values of ϵ correspond to different types of ECOs. If ϵ is very big, the ECO behaves more like a star than a black hole. On the contrary, if ϵ tends to a very small value, the ECO behaves like a black hole. It is considered a conceptual model of the origin of the cutoff for ECOs, when a dust shell contracts gravitationally from an initial position to near the Schwarzschild radius. This allowed us to find that the cutoff makes two types of contributions: a classical one governed by General Relativity and one of a quantum nature, if the ECO is very close to the horizon, when estimating that the maximum entropy is contained within the material that composes the shell. Such entropy coincides with the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy. The established cutoff corresponds to a dynamic quantity dependent on coordinate time that is measured by a Fiducial Observer (FIDO). Without knowing the details about quantum gravity, parameter ϵ is calculated, which, in general, allows distinguishing the ECOs from BHs. Specifically, a black shell (ECO) is undistinguishable from a BH.

scholarly journals RUNNING MASS OF THE b-QUARK IN QCD AND SUSY QCD

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (29) ◽  
pp. 5245-5277 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. BEDNYAKOV
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Supersymmetric Extension ◽  
Heavy Particles ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Difference ◽  
B Quark

The running mass of the b-quark defined in [Formula: see text]-scheme is one of the important parameters of SUSY QCD. To find its value, it should be related to some known experimental input. In this paper, the b-quark running mass defined in nonsupersymmetric QCD is chosen for determination of the corresponding parameter in SUSY QCD. The relation between these two quantities is found by considering five-flavor QCD as an effective theory obtained from its supersymmetric extension. A numerical analysis of the calculated two-loop relation and its impact on the MSSM spectrum is discussed. Since for nonsupersymmetric models [Formula: see text]-scheme is more natural than [Formula: see text], we also propose a new procedure that allows one to calculate relations between [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-parameters. Unphysical ε-scalars that give rise to the difference between the above-mentioned schemes are assumed to be heavy and decoupled in the same way as physical degrees of freedom. By means of this method it is possible to "catch two rabbits," i.e. decouple heavy particles and turn from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], at the same time. An explicit two-loop example of [Formula: see text] transition is given in the context of QCD. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals WILSONIAN BLACK HOLE ENTROPY IN QUANTUM GRAVITY

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 2823-2834
Author(s):  
SERGEI D. ODINTSOV ◽  
YONGSUNG YOON
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Renormalization Group ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
Conformal Factor ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Renormalization Group Equations

Using the Wilsonian procedure (renormalization group improvement) we discuss the finite quantum corrections to black hole entropy in renormalizable theories. In this way, the Wilsonian black hole entropy is found for GUT’s (of asymptotically free form, in particular) and for the effective theory for the conformal factor aiming to describe quantum gravity in the infrared region. The off-critical regime (where the coupling constants are running) for the effective theory for the conformal factor in quantum gravity (with or without torsion) is explicitly constructed. The corresponding renormalization group equations for the effective couplings are found using the Schwinger-DeWitt technique for the calculation of the divergences of the fourth order operator.

scholarly journals MASS GENERATION FOR NON-ABELIAN GAUGE FIELDS WITHOUT SCALARS

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (25) ◽  
pp. 3581-3592
Author(s):  
DIDIER CAENEPEEL ◽  
MARTIN LEBLANC
Keyword(s):  
Type Theory ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Higgs Mechanism ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Gauge Fields ◽  
Mass Generation ◽  
Abelian Gauge

We present an alternative to the Higgs mechanism for generating masses for non-Abelian gauge fields in 3+1 dimensions. The initial Lagrangian is composed of a fermion with current-current and dipole-dipole type self-interactions minimally coupled to non-Abelian gauge fields. The mass generation occurs when we perform a fermionic functional integration. We show that by fine-tuning the coupling constants, the effective theory may be written as a BΛF type theory describing massive non-Abelian gauge fields.

scholarly journals Note

1914 ◽  
Vol 88 (600) ◽  
pp. 86-89
Keyword(s):  
Small Difference ◽  
Probable Error ◽  
Especial Reference ◽  
The Difference

In view of the disagreement with Prof. Paton’s conclusions, Dr. Marshall asked me to investigate the probable errors of some of the comparisons made, with especial reference to the alleged effect of extirpation of the thymus on the growth of the testes. The problem was not an easy one. A glance at Prof. Paton’s figures, or at the corresponding data given by Hainan and Marshall, will show how exceedingly variable are the weights of the testes and how much caution must consequently be used before basing any conclusion on a small difference between the average weights for two groups of some 20 to 30 animals. Considerable differences might be shown even by the averages of groups treated in precisely the same way. Were the animals adult, the “probable error” of the difference between any two observed averages—the amount which it would be as likely as not to exceed owing to mere fluctuations of sampling—might be readily obtained in the ordinary way. But the animals are not adult; the weight of the testes increases very rapidly with the weight of the animal, and the weights of the different individuals themselves vary greatly, so that the two groups of operated and controls are not strictly comparable as a whole.

COHABITATION AND UNION DISSOLUTION IN CENTRAL UGANDA: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COHABITORS AND NON-COHABITORS

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-192
Author(s):  
Charles Lwanga ◽  
Ishmael Kalule-Sabiti ◽  
Natal Ayiga
Keyword(s):  
Small Difference ◽  
Event History ◽  
Union Dissolution ◽  
Event History Data ◽  
Union Status ◽  
First Union ◽  
Status Number ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Living Children ◽  
Over Time

SummaryThe aim of this paper was to establish whether the differences in the risks of union dissolution between cohabitors and non-cohabitors in Uganda have converged over time using event history data. Data were collected in 2013 from 1200 women in central Uganda using retrospective methods. Of these, 839 provided information on three types of first union: women who married directly (without first cohabiting), those who married following cohabitation and those who were still cohabiting. The data were analysed using decrement lifetable analysis. Though the analysis indicated a small difference in the timing of first union dissolution for women who married directly, no evidence was found that the difference in the risk of union dissolution between cohabitors and non-cohabitors had converged over the 9-year period following first union. Women’s union/marriage status, number of living children in a union, parental union status and birth cohort were found to significantly influence the timing of union dissolution. Overall, the rate of union dissolution was fairly high, regardless of type of union.

Interaction of electrostatic waves in collisionless plasmast

1971 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Lewak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Time Reversal ◽  
Phase Plane ◽  
Collisionless Plasma ◽  
Particle Interaction ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Electrostatic Waves ◽  
Hybrid Frequency ◽  
The Difference

The interaction of three electrostatic waves in a collisionless plasma is treated to fourth order neglecting the wave—particle interaction (damping). Using the principles of energy conservation, and invariance under time reversal, conditions on the coupling constants are derived, enabling the solution to be expressed as a function of only two coupling constants. Phase plane diagrams of the solutions are sketched showing that the only singular points are stable equili bria. It is suggested how the theory may be applied to the explanation of the ‘floating spike’ resonance observable when one-half the hybrid frequency is the difference between the plasma and gyro frequencies (Hagg & Muldrew 1968).

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