Surface Feedback for Virtual Environment Systems Using Electrorheological Fluids

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (23n24) ◽  
pp. 3011-3018 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Taylor ◽  
A. Hosseini-Sianaki ◽  
C.J. Varley
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Information System ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Electrorheological Fluids ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Flexible Designs ◽  
Er Fluids ◽  
The Given

A tactile array system, when incorporated in an information system, provides a means of conveying tactile data to the user. Such arrays have many applications including simulators for training purposes and Braille systems for the blind. The use of ER fluids in these systems would provide an inexpensive alternative to the existing technologies because of the simple and flexible designs. An experimental study has been conducted which involves a simple 5×5 array of tactels, each tactel being independently energised in order to configure a variety of shapes. A series of tests are carried out on two different types of ER fluids under a range of electric fields and sensor speeds. The results show that for the given tactel spacing, the programmed shapes are easily detected for all conditions and are directly comparable to similar tests undertaken on a solid shape.

PRACTICE-RELEVANT ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTING ER FLUID ACTUATORS

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (23n24) ◽  
pp. 3243-3255 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Janocha ◽  
B. Rech ◽  
R. Bölter
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Electrorheological Fluids ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Process Automation ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Energy Transducer ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Er Fluids ◽  
The University ◽  
Er Fluid

The flow resistance of electrorheological fluids (ER fluids) can be controlled by applying electric fields. Thus, ER fluids are suitable for the application in actuators, using high-voltage sources for the generation of the field. The behaviour of an ER fluid actuator not only depends on the properties of the individual actuator components (ER fluid, energy transducer and energy source) but especially on their combined efforts as a system. Based on a possible scheme for the design of ER fluid actuators, this paper presents important practice-relevant aspects of a systematic actuator construction. Here the behaviour of a commercial ER suspension is examined and compared to a homogeneous ER fluid without yield point using a rotational viscometer and a flow-mode damper realized at the Laboratory of Process Automation (LPA) of the University of Saarland.

scholarly journals Electrorheological Fluids of GO/Graphene-Based Nanoplates

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Yudong Wang ◽  
Jinhua Yuan ◽  
Xiaopeng Zhao ◽  
Jianbo Yin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Dielectric Spectrum ◽  
Electrorheological Fluids ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
External Electric Fields ◽  
Anisotropic Morphology ◽  
Er Fluids

Due to their unique anisotropic morphology and properties, graphene-based materials have received extensive attention in the field of smart materials. Recent studies show that graphene-based materials have potential application as a dispersed phase to develop high-performance electrorheological (ER) fluids, a kind of smart suspension whose viscosity and viscoelastic properties can be adjusted by external electric fields. However, pure graphene is not suitable for use as the dispersed phase of ER fluids due to the electric short circuit caused by its high electrical conductivity under electric fields. However, graphene oxide (GO) and graphene-based composites are suitable for use as the dispersed phase of ER fluids and show significantly enhanced property. In this review, we look critically at the latest developments of ER fluids based on GO and graphene-based composites, including their preparation, electrically tunable ER property, and dispersed stability. The mechanism behind enhanced ER property is discussed according to dielectric spectrum analysis. Finally, we also propose the remaining challenges and possible developments for the future outlook in this field.

scholarly journals Different Types of Search Algorithms for Rough Sets

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Nagy ◽  
Tamás Mihálydeák ◽  
László Aszalos
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Rough Set ◽  
Rough Sets ◽  
Rough Set Theory ◽  
Search Algorithms ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Set Approximation ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Given

Based on the available information in many cases it can happen that two objects cannot be distinguished. If a set of data is given and in this settwo objects have the same attribute values, then these two objects are called indiscernible. This indiscernibility has an effect on the membership relation,because in some cases it makes our judgment uncertain about a given object. The uncertainty appears because if something about an object is needed to bestated, then all the objects that are indiscernible from the given object must be taken into consideration. The indiscernibility relation is an equivalencerelation which represents background knowledge embedded in an information system. In a Pawlakian system this relation is used in set approximation.Correlation clustering is a clustering technique which generates a partition. In the authors’ previous research the possible usage of the correlation clusteringin rough set theory was investigated. In this paper the authors show how different types of search algorithms affect the set approximation.

Embodied displacements in young German children’s storytelling

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 168-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien Heller
Keyword(s):  
Picture Book ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
Lexical Resources ◽  
Narrative Space ◽  
Multimodal Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Picture Book Reading ◽  
The Given

This paper is concerned with embodied processes of joint imagination in young children’s narrative interactions. Based on Karl Bühler’s notion of ‘deixis in the imagination’, it examines in detail how a 19-month-old German-speaking child, engaged in picture book reading with his mother, brings about different subtypes of deixis in the imagination by either ‘displacing’ what is absent into the given order of perception (e.g. by using the hand as a token for an object) or displacing his origo to an imagined space (e.g. by kinaesthetically aligning his body with an imagined body and animating his movements). Drawing on multimodal analysis and the concept of layering in interaction, the study analyses the ways in which the picture book as well as deictic, depictive, vocal and lexical resources are coordinated to evoke a narrative space, co-enact the storybook character’s experiences and produce reciprocal affect displays. Findings demonstrate that different types of displacement are in play quite early in childhood; displacements in the dimension of space and person are produced through layerings of spaces, voices and bodies.

The influence of information relevance on the continued influence effect of misinformation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Jin ◽  
Lina Jia ◽  
Xiaojuan Yin ◽  
Shilin Wei ◽  
Guiping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
Influence Effect ◽  
Information Relevance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Role Of Information

Misinformation often continues to influence people’s cognition even after corrected (the ‘continued influence effect of misinformation’, the CIEM). This study investigated the role of information relevance in the CIEM by questionnaire survey and experimental study. The results showed that information with higher relevance to the individuals had a larger CIEM, indicating a role of information relevance in the CIEM. Personal involvement might explain the effects of information relevance on the CIEM. This study provides insightful clues for reducing the CIEM in different types of misinformation and misinformation with varying relevance.

scholarly journals About the Acceptance of Wearing Face Masks in Times of a Pandemic

i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 204166952110211
Author(s):  
Claus-Christian Carbon
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Study Participants

Wearing face masks in times of COVID-19 is one of the essential keystones for effectively decreasing the rate of new infections and thus for mitigating the negative consequences for individuals as well as for society. Acceptance of wearing masks is still low in many countries, making it extremely difficult to keep the pandemic at bay. In an experimental study, participants ( N = 88) had to assess how strange they felt when wearing a face mask while being exposed to displays of groups of varying numbers of mask wearers. Three different types of face masks were shown: simple homemade masks, FFP2 masks, and loop scarfs. The higher the frequency of people wearing masks in the displayed social group, the less strange the participants felt about themselves, an essential precondition for accepting wearing masks. This effect of a descriptive social norm was particularly effective when people saw others wearing less intrusive masks, here, simple homemade masks.

Effects of ball properties on throwing in young team-handball beginners

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110236
Author(s):  
Frowin Fasold ◽  
Benjamin Noël ◽  
André Nicklas ◽  
Fabian Lukac ◽  
Stefanie Klatt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Throwing Accuracy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Study Participants

Throwing a ball is a primary skill in team-handball and can be directly influenced by the properties of different types of balls. Therefore, the use of different balls (i.e., methodic ball) recommended by the handball federations (e.g., IHF) and the education guidelines, are important in teaching throwing. Previous studies have shown that movement patterns and throwing velocity can be influenced by different ball types and sizes. However, the influence of these factors on throwing accuracy has not been investigated in detail yet. This study aims to replicate the findings of previous studies on increasing throwing velocity in children by comparing the use of a soft methodic ball with a size 0 handball. Furthermore, this study investigates the influence of these balls on throwing accuracy. In an experimental study, participants (10-years of age) threw a soft methodic ball and a size 0 ball at target areas in a handball goal. For all the throws, throwing velocity and accuracy were measured. Commensurate with previous research, throwing velocity was higher for the soft methodic ball compared to a size 0 ball. No difference was found in accuracy, although, it is worth mentioning that the participants were only experienced in throwing using the size 0 ball. Moreover, only one-third of the children favored throwing with a size 0 ball, which is what they are used to in training and competition. The results of our study, therefore, confirm that using soft methodic balls additionally, positively influences the throwing velocity and has no negative effect on the accuracy in throwing among young handball beginners.

scholarly journals Accessible Routes Integrating Data from Multiple Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Miguel R. Luaces ◽  
Jesús A. Fisteus ◽  
Luis Sánchez-Fernández ◽  
Mario Munoz-Organero ◽  
Jesús Balado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Heterogeneous Data Sources ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Software Sensors ◽  
The City

Providing citizens with the ability to move around in an accessible way is a requirement for all cities today. However, modeling city infrastructures so that accessible routes can be computed is a challenge because it involves collecting information from multiple, large-scale and heterogeneous data sources. In this paper, we propose and validate the architecture of an information system that creates an accessibility data model for cities by ingesting data from different types of sources and provides an application that can be used by people with different abilities to compute accessible routes. The article describes the processes that allow building a network of pedestrian infrastructures from the OpenStreetMap information (i.e., sidewalks and pedestrian crossings), improving the network with information extracted obtained from mobile-sensed LiDAR data (i.e., ramps, steps, and pedestrian crossings), detecting obstacles using volunteered information collected from the hardware sensors of the mobile devices of the citizens (i.e., ramps and steps), and detecting accessibility problems with software sensors in social networks (i.e., Twitter). The information system is validated through its application in a case study in the city of Vigo (Spain).

Coating of Polyaniline with an Insulating Polymer to Improve the Power Efficiency of Electrorheological Fluids

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (14n16) ◽  
pp. 1931-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Akhavan ◽  
K. Slack ◽  
V. Wise ◽  
H. Block
Keyword(s):  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Electrorheological Fluids ◽  
Emeraldine Base ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Static Yield ◽  
High Fields ◽  
Er Fluids ◽  
Er Fluid ◽  
A Current

Currents drawn under high fields often present practical limitations to electrorheological (ER) fluids usefulness. For heavy-duty applications where large torques have to be transmitted, the power consumption of a ER fluid can be considerable, and for such uses a current density of ~100μ A cm -2 is often taken as a practical upper limit. This investigation was conducted into designing a fluid which has little extraneous conductance and therefore would demand less current. Selected semi-conducting polymers provide effective substrates for ER fluids. Such polymers are soft insoluble powdery materials with densities similar to dispersing agents used in ER formulations. Polyaniline is a semi-conducting polymer and can be used as an effective ER substrate in its emeraldine base form. In order to provide an effective ER fluid which requires less current polyaniline was coated with an insulating polymer. The conditions for coating was established for lauryl and methyl methacrylate. Results from static yield measurements indicate that ER fluids containing coated polyaniline required less current than uncoated polyaniline i.e. 0.5μ A cm -2. The generic type of coating was also found to be important.

PRELIMINARY OPTICAL STUDY ON ER FLUIDS

1994 ◽  
Vol 08 (20n21) ◽  
pp. 2921-2933 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. ZHOU ◽  
J. F. YE ◽  
R. B. TAO ◽  
Y. TANG ◽  
J. F. PENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Optical Response ◽  
Optical Study ◽  
Solid States ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Er Fluids

Linear and nonlinear optical study on electrorheological (ER) fluids is reported. The ER fluids under the investigation were glass beads, zeolite and ferroelectrics. The linear optical response of some ER fluids showed sharp changes near critical electric fields. An enhancement of electric field induced second harmonic generations (EFISH) was observed as the function of E2, where E is the external electric field. The said enhancement is considered to be corresponding to a modulation of the material's refractive index associated with the electric field induced polarization of the delocalized electrons. The enhanced nonlinear optical response on the transition between liquid and solid states can be related to the phase transition in ER fluids.

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