THE STRUCTURE OF COMMUTATIVE RESIDUATED LATTICES

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 509-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES B. HART ◽  
LORI RAFTER ◽  
CONSTANTINE TSINAKIS
Keyword(s):  
Residuated Lattices ◽  
Variety Of Algebras ◽  
Finitely Based Variety ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
Future Publication ◽  
Structure Formula ◽  
Commutative Residuated Lattice ◽  
First Time ◽  
Prime Elements ◽  
Comprehensive Study

A commutative residuated lattice, is an ordered algebraic structure [Formula: see text], where (L, ·, e) is a commutative monoid, (L, ∧, ∨) is a lattice, and the operation → satisfies the equivalences [Formula: see text] for a, b, c ∊ L. The class of all commutative residuated lattices, denoted by [Formula: see text], is a finitely based variety of algebras. Historically speaking, our study draws primary inspiration from the work of M. Ward and R. P. Dilworth appearing in a series of important papers [9, 10, 19–22]. In the ensuing decades special examples of commutative, residuated lattices have received considerable attention, but we believe that this is the first time that a comprehensive theory on the structure of residuated lattices has been presented from the viewpoint of universal algebra. In particular, we show that [Formula: see text] is an "ideal variety" in the sense that its congruences correspond to order-convex subalgebras. As a consequence of the general theory, we present an equational basis for the subvariety [Formula: see text] generated by all commutative, residuated chains. We conclude the paper by proving that the congruence lattice of each member of [Formula: see text] is an algebraic, distributive lattice whose meet-prime elements form a root-system (dual tree). This result, together with the main results in [12, 18], will be used in a future publication to analyze the structure of finite members of [Formula: see text]. A comprehensive study of, not necessarily commutative, residuated lattices is presented in [4].

Bolzano´s Conception of Grounding

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Roski
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Consequence Relation ◽  
Posterior Analytics ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
Bernard Bolzano ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Not all truths are on a par. The realm of truths is structured: some propositions are only true because others are. The relation that endows the realm of truths with this structure is often called grounding. Grounding has achieved much attention in 21st century metaphysics, but the topic is arguably as old as philosophy itself. This becomes apparent when investigating the works of the 19th-century philosopher Bernard Bolzano, who developed what is perhaps the first comprehensive theory of grounding, drawing on a rich tradition that goes back to Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics. Roski’s book provides, for the first time, a comprehensive study of Bolzano’s theory of grounding in its entirety, paying more attention than previous studies to the interaction between grounding and the consequence-relation of deducibility.

scholarly journals THE STRUCTURE OF RESIDUATED LATTICES

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 437-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEVIN BLOUNT ◽  
CONSTANTINE TSINAKIS
Keyword(s):  
Residuated Lattice ◽  
Residuated Lattices ◽  
Binary Operations ◽  
Residuated Structures ◽  
Structure Formula ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Decomposition Theorems ◽  
First Time ◽  
Monoid Structure

A residuated lattice is an ordered algebraic structure [Formula: see text] such that <L,∧,∨> is a lattice, <L,·,e> is a monoid, and \ and / are binary operations for which the equivalences [Formula: see text] hold for all a,b,c ∈ L. It is helpful to think of the last two operations as left and right division and thus the equivalences can be seen as "dividing" on the right by b and "dividing" on the left by a. The class of all residuated lattices is denoted by ℛℒ The study of such objects originated in the context of the theory of ring ideals in the 1930s. The collection of all two-sided ideals of a ring forms a lattice upon which one can impose a natural monoid structure making this object into a residuated lattice. Such ideas were investigated by Morgan Ward and R. P. Dilworth in a series of important papers [15, 16, 45–48] and also by Krull in [33]. Since that time, there has been substantial research regarding some specific classes of residuated structures, see for example [1, 9, 26] and [38], but we believe that this is the first time that a general structural theory has been established for the class ℛℒ as a whole. In particular, we develop the notion of a normal subalgebra and show that ℛℒ is an "ideal variety" in the sense that it is an equational class in which congruences correspond to "normal" subalgebras in the same way that ring congruences correspond to ring ideals. As an application of the general theory, we produce an equational basis for the important subvariety ℛℒC that is generated by all residuated chains. In the process, we find that this subclass has some remarkable structural properties that we believe could lead to some important decomposition theorems for its finite members (along the lines of the decompositions provided in [27]).

STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NAMES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF DISHES IN GERMAN RESTAURANT DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-119
Author(s):  
Nadezhda G. KANTYSHEVA ◽  
Inna V. Solovyova
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Institutional Discourse ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the structural and semantic features of dish names and their descriptions in German in the field of restaurant discourse. The study employs cognitive discourse analysis, elements of comparative and contextological approaches, taking into account linguocultural parameters. The relevance of the comprehensive study of the names of dishes in restaurant discourse is due to an increased interest in the parameterization of lexical units in different types of institutional discourse. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the fact that for the first time, within the framework of a restaurant menu, not only the nomination of a dish is considered, but also the structural and semantic characteristics of its description are analysed. An attempt is made to analyse a connection between the nominations of dishes and their description in the restaurant menu, as well as to determine the semantic dominants of the genre under study. It is concluded that the text of the menu as a whole presents a combination of the language for special purposes and the language of advertising. In interaction with extralinguistic factors, the nominations of dishes and their descriptions not only document the culture of food in society, but also reflect the ethnocultural picture of the world. Based on the analysis of the menu texts, it is established that structurally the names of dishes are complex words or phrases, built mainly according to the attributive model. The description of dishes performs the function of verbalizing the sensations of taste and clarifying the method of preparing dishes, characterizing the quality of dishes, their ingredients, and the intensity of taste. Evaluative parameters in descriptions are expressed at the lexical, grammatical, syntactic and stylistic levels.

ISOTOPE-GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF AUTHENIC CARBONATES OF THE YU1 PRODUCING HORIZON OF THE VERKH-TARSKOYE OIL FIELD (SOUTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA)

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
L. G. Vakulenko ◽  
◽  
O. D. Nikolenko ◽  
D. A. Novikov ◽  
P. A. Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Sources Of Co2 ◽  
Comprehensive Study

A comprehensive study of the composition of sand and silt deposits of the Yu1 horizon of the Vasyuganskaya Formation upper part of the Verkh-Tarskoye oil field has been carried out. Associations of authigenic minerals have been determined in their cement, among which the calcite is the most widespread. According to petrographic parameters, three generations of calcite have been identified for which detailed isotopicgeochemical and ultramicroscopic studies were carried out for the first time. Wide and multi directional changes in the isotopic composition of carbon and oxygen and in the chemical composition of carbonate minerals were recorded, they indicate significant variations in the conditions of diagenesis and catagenesis, primarily temperature, and different sources of CO2. Significant variations in the isotopic composition of formation waters and its relationship with the isotopic composition of carbonates have been established. Thus, a narrow interval of close δ13C values was revealed, amounting to –10.5 to –9.1 ‰ in the formation waters of group II, and from –10.7 to –9.1 ‰ in calcites of the third generation. The source of CO2 in this system should be considered a carbon dioxide, which is formed in the process of metamorphism of carbonate rocks of the Paleozoic age.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LEGAL GUARANTEES FOR INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES IN UZBEKISTAN

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 389 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-259
Author(s):  
N. Kh.-A. Rakhmonkulova
Keyword(s):  
Investment Activity ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article analyzes international and national guarantee investment activities on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan and discusses the issues of the implementation of the rights and legitimate interests of foreign investors using legal guarantee obligations in the national legislation of Uzbekistan. The aim of the study is to study the international mechanism for guaranteeing the repatriation of foreign investors, a comprehensive analysis of the most important international legal mechanisms in this area. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the fact that the raised problem became for the first time the subject of a special comprehensive study. The author carries out research based on a significant number of international legal acts in the field of international legal guarantees for investment activities, constituent documents of intergovernmental organizations-subjects of international law, conducts a comparative analysis of various aspects of guarantees for investment activities. The novelty of the article is also enhanced by the fact that the author studies in detail the problems of correlation between the international legal and national legal mechanisms for guaranteeing investment activity. In the article, based on the analysis of international legal material, for the first time are investigated: - the international legal mechanism for guaranteeing investment activities, its constituent elements; the operation of multilateral and bilateral agreements in this area; -national legal mechanism for guaranteeing investment activities; To achieve this goal, taking into account the designated subject of research, the following results were obtained in the work: • International legal guarantees have been studied and a legal description to them has been given; • The main aspects of interaction between the international and national legal mechanism for guaranteeing investment activity have been identified;

scholarly journals Introducing an innovation promotion model for construction projects

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Fernando ◽  
Kriengsak Panuwatwanich ◽  
David Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Relationship Enhancement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Project Outcomes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

PurposeThis study aims to investigate and model the complex dynamics of innovation enablers in construction projects aiming to develop a framework identifying actions for clients to promote innovation.Design/methodology/approachThrough a comprehensive literature review, a conceptual model was previously derived to explain the client-driven enablers in promoting innovation. This was tested using the data from 131 Australian construction projects. Statistical analysis was conducted on the data using factor analysis and correlation analysis to test the model, which was validated using the case study approach. The testing and validating aspects are explained in this paper.FindingsThe constructs of the recommended model are idea harnessing, relationship enhancement, incentivization and project team fitness.Research limitations/implicationsThe difficulty of analyzing the complex dynamics happening within projects in relation to innovation has been a barrier to progress research in this area. The introduction of this model would pave the way for researchers to explore this area with ease.Originality/valueAs revealed in the detailed literature review undertaken, this is the first time that a comprehensive study has been conducted to identify client-led innovation enablers for construction projects. The results would benefit industry practitioners to achieve enhanced project outcomes in construction projects through innovation.

Effects of Organic Additives on Calcium Sulfate Scaling in Pipes

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tung A. Hoang ◽  
H. Ming Ang ◽  
Andrew L. Rohl
Keyword(s):  
Pipe Flow ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Scale ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

A comprehensive study of the effects of nine organic additives on the formation of calcium sulfate scale in a pipe system was conducted using a multiple pipe flow system. Several factors that influence the inhibitory capability of phosphonic and carboxylic additives such as their chemical structure, their concentration, and the run time were closely scrutinized. Results showed that the organic additives influence the deposition of calcium sulfate on the walls of a pipe flow system at various levels. The superiority of the phosphonic additives, especially N,N,N′,N′-ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid (EDTP) and nitrilotrimethylenephosphonic acid (NTMP), to other organic compounds with respect to scale prevention is discussed thoroughly. For the first time, it was demonstrated that a solution with a given concentration of inhibitor that is continuously refreshed in a pipe reactor becomes less effective over time. The morphology of the scales formed in the presence of different additives is also studied, using scanning electron microscopy.

scholarly journals A theory of the combustion of hydrocarbons

1935 ◽  
Vol 150 (869) ◽  
pp. 36-57 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Induction Period ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
Slow Combustion ◽  
Chain Character ◽  
Energy Chain ◽  
First Time

A comprehensive theory of the combustion of hydrocarbons must describe in detail all the analytic and kinetic data. Up to the present no such theory has been proposed, for though the hydroxylation theory of Bone and his school has been very successful in the former field, it is inadequate in its original form to take account of the latter. In the present paper it is shown that a comparatively small modification, involving the introduction of the conception of chain propagation by free radicals, remedies the earlier deficiency and makes possible for the first time a detailed description of the widely varied phenomena of combustion. The work of Egerton, Hinshelwood, Haber, Semenoff and others has led to the recognition that both rapid and slow combustion are autocatalytic in character, the reaction being propagated through the gas from certain initial centres, so that from every centre started by the primary mechanism, a great many molecules of hydrocarbon are oxidized. The first attempt to interpret the chain character in terms of a concrete theory is embodied in the suggestion of Egerton who has extended the peroxidation theory of Callendar to include an energy-chain mechanism by way of which reactivity is handed on from the active products (peroxides) to new reactant molecules. This theory and its various modifications, however, is unsatisfactory in more than one kinetic aspect, the effect of inert gases in particular being the reverse of the deactivation to be expected for an “energy” chain. Moreover, the peroxidation theory is not reconcilable in all respects with the analytical data, for while the induction period has been interpreted as a period of peroxide building no evidence of any such peroxide formation at this stage has been established, nor is the induction period affected by the addition of any such bodies. There thus arises the need of some further attempt to bring the analytic and kinetic data into relation with one another and in the hypothesis developed below, which we shall call the “atomic chain hypothesis,” it is believed that we have a simple explana­tion which encompasses both the analytical and kinetic results in an adequate manner.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Study on Freshwater Ecosystem Health of Lancang River Basin in Xishuangbanna of China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuqing Wen ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Tianhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Health Index ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
Lancang River ◽  
The Status ◽  
Freshwater Management ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The Lancang-Mekong River significantly affects the livelihood of residents in the basin as well as the lives of people in other regions of the world in terms of great development potential and its economic and ecological values. In the meanwhile, the river attracts the attention of countries in the basin and the international community because it raises potential for international conflicts. The Lancang-Mekong River leaves China from Xishuangbanna and the ecosystem status in Xishuangbanna constitutes one of the top concerns related to the basin. The study comprehensively evaluates the status of freshwater ecosystem health of the Lancang River in Xishuangbanna for the first time, with reference to aspects of ecosystem vitality, ecosystem services, as well as governance and stakeholders, firstly, linking the ecosystem and the benefits it provides as well as human activities as an organic whole. The methodology used, Freshwater Health Index, is newly developed and constitutes revision of the first attempt of its usage. Basically, the freshwater ecosystem in the studied area and period remains healthy according to the research, and the ecosystem is considered to be capable of providing sufficient services and benefits to meet the economic and societal development demands. Recommendations are proposed for more sustainable local freshwater management and utilization accordingly.

scholarly journals An Integrated Study of the Serpentinite-Hosted Hydrothermal System in the Pollino Massif (Southern Apennines, Italy)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Giovanna Rizzo ◽  
Maria Carmela Dichicco ◽  
Pedro Castiñeiras ◽  
Fausto Grassa ◽  
Salvatore Laurita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Accretionary Wedge ◽  
Southern Apennines ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions ◽  
Integrated Study ◽  
Mineralogical Assemblage ◽  
Δ13c And Δ18o ◽  
Comprehensive Study

A comprehensive study of the serpentinite and associated veins belonging to the Frido Unit in the Pollino Massif (southern Italy) is presented here with the aim to provide new constraints about the hydrothermal system hosted by the accretionary wedge of the southern Apennines. The studied serpentinites are from two different sites: Fosso Arcangelo and Pietrapica. In both sites, the rocks show mylonitic-cataclastic structures and pseudomorphic and patch textures and are traversing by pervasive carbonate and quartz-carbonate veins. The mineralogical assemblage of serpentinites consists of serpentine group minerals (with a predominance of lizardite), amphiboles, pyroxene, chlorite, titanite, magnetite, and talc. In some samples, hydro-garnet was also detected and documented here for the first time. As for cutting veins, different mineralogical compositions were observed in the two sites: calcite characterizes the veins from Fosso Arcangelo, whereas quartz and dolomite are the principal minerals of the Pietrapica veins infill, suggesting a different composition of mineralizing fluids. Stable isotopes of C and O also indicate such a different chemistry. In detail, samples from the Pietrapica site are characterized by δ13C fluctuations coupled with a δ18O shift documenting calcite formation in an open-system where mixing between deep and shallow fluids occurred. Conversely, δ13C and δ18O of the Fosso Arcangelo veins show a decarbonation trend, suggesting their developing in a closed-system at deeper crustal conditions. Precipitation temperature calculated for both sites indicates a similar range (80 °C to 120 °C), thus suggesting carbonate precipitation within the same thermal system.

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