VASCULATURE OF REGENERATED MENISCI IN RABBIT KNEES

2000 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 297-302
Author(s):  
Myung-Sang Moon ◽  
Young-Kyun Woo ◽  
Gong-Sub Yeom
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Vascular Studies ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Background Data ◽  
Vessel Growth ◽  
Clearing Technique

Study design: A study comparing the vasculature of the normal and regenerated menisci in rabbits' knees. Objectives: To observe the patterns of the new vessel growth in the regenerating meniscus from its developmental stage to its maturity. Summary of background data: There have been no comparative vascular studies in the normal and regenerated menisci in animals in spite of the well-known previous vascular studies in normal and degenerated menisci in human. Methods: At 3, 4, 6, 10 and 16 weeks after unilateral total meniscectomy in both knees of 25 immature rabbits, aged 6–8 weeks, radiopague blue dye was injected through the abdominal aorta of five rabbits for vascular study before sacrifice, and then the five rabbits were sacrificed at each observation time. A modified Spalteholz clearing technique was employed, and the menisci were examined and photographed under dissecting microscope with reflected light and transillumination. Results: New vessel growth was observed in the regenerating menisci at three weeks after meniscectomy. The blood supply was present in the outer 30–50% of the regenerated meniscus at six weeks postmeniscectomy and then it slightly regressed. The regenerated menisci were smaller in size as compared with normal ones. The anterior and posterior horns were more vascular than the rest of the regenerated menisci. Conclusion: The regenerated medial and lateral menisci had almost the same vascular patterns as those seen in the normal menisci.

Increase in Evans blue dye extravasation into the brain in the late developmental stage

Neuroreport ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 699-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuen-Bao Chen ◽  
Eva Yuhua Kuo ◽  
Kin-Shing Poon ◽  
Ka-Shun Cheng ◽  
Chia-Sheng Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Evans Blue Dye ◽  
Late Developmental Stage ◽  
The Brain

Mechanisms of normal and tumor-derived angiogenesis

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (5) ◽  
pp. C947-C970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Papetti ◽  
Ira M. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Vessel Growth ◽  
Cellular Machinery

Often those diseases most evasive to therapeutic intervention usurp the human body's own cellular machinery or deregulate normal physiological processes for propagation. Tumor-induced angiogenesis is a pathological condition that results from aberrant deployment of normal angiogenesis, an essential process in which the vascular tree is remodeled by the growth of new capillaries from preexisting vessels. Normal angiogenesis ensures that developing or healing tissues receive an adequate supply of nutrients. Within the confines of a tumor, the availability of nutrients is limited by competition among actively proliferating cells, and diffusion of metabolites is impeded by high interstitial pressure (Jain RK. Cancer Res 47: 3039–3051, 1987). As a result, tumor cells induce the formation of a new blood supply from the preexisting vasculature, and this affords tumor cells the ability to survive and propagate in a hostile environment. Because both normal and tumor-induced neovascularization fulfill the essential role of satisfying the metabolic demands of a tissue, the mechanisms by which cancer cells stimulate pathological neovascularization mimic those utilized by normal cells to foster physiological angiogenesis. This review investigates mechanisms of tumor-induced angiogenesis. The strategies used by cancer cells to develop their own blood supply are discussed in relation to those employed by normal cells during physiological angiogenesis. With an understanding of blood vessel growth in both normal and abnormal settings, we are better suited to design effective therapeutics for cancer.

Peripheral arterial disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Anteroposterior Diameter ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Infrarenal Abdominal Aorta

Peripheral arterial disease is defined as an alteration to the blood supply to a limb, caused by an occlusion or stenosis in the arteries supplying that limb. The acuteness of the arterial compromise, and its severity and extent, will determine the symptoms experienced by the patient. Aneurysmal disease is defined as a localized dilatation of an artery and is most commonly seen in the infrarenal abdominal aorta. An infrarenal abdominal aorta is defined as being aneurysmal if its maximum anteroposterior diameter is 3 cm or greater.

scholarly journals Anatomske variacije vej, ki izhajajo iz zgornje mezenterične arterije

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (9-11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Kocbek ◽  
Mateja Zemljič
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Transverse Colon ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Middle Colic Artery ◽  
Colic Artery

Superior mesenteric artery, the second ventral branch of the abdominal aorta, supplies the distal duodenum, the small intestine, and the large intestine to the mid transverse colon. Superior mesenteric artery branches include the inferior anterior and inferior posterior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, middle colic artery, right colic artery, ileocolic artery, jejunal and ileal branches. The vascular anatomy of superior mesenteric branches is frequently variant. The explanation of variant vascular anatomy of branches and pathological consequences of diseases which impact the mesenteric vasculature might be due to the changes that appear in the development of ventral splanchnic arteries and their blood supply. Knowledge of mesenterical variations is valuable to radiologists and surgeons.

scholarly journals A stereomicroscopic in-vitro study to investigate the root canal morphology of mandibular third molars using clearing technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Salwa Zafar ◽  
Sameena Tabassum ◽  
Sumit Sabharwal ◽  
Vivek Kumar Rai ◽  
Arun Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Type I ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Mandibular Third Molar ◽  
Clearing Technique ◽  
Root Canal Morphology ◽  
Mandibular Third Molars ◽  
Canal Morphology

AIM: To analyse the root canal morphology of mandibular third molars using clearing technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety permanent extracted mandibular third molar teeth were collected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Teeth were then decalcified and were made transparent Methylene Blue Dye was injected to color the pulp space. These teeth were then observed under sterio Microscope and root canal systems were identified according to Vertucci's Classification. RESULTS: The most common anatomical morphology found was having two roots. Overall type I Vertucci’s configuration was the most common pattern of canals. Other canal patterns that were found included type II, III, IV and V. In this study no canal of type VI, VII or VIII were found. CONCLUSION: The morphological variations in root patterns and canal configuration of mandibular third molar should be given consideration for successful endodontic treatment.

Confocal laser microscopy of impregnated central nervous system tissue

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 94-95
Author(s):  
J.N. Turner ◽  
M. Siemens ◽  
D. Szarowski ◽  
D.N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Central Nervous System Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Reflected Light

A classic preparation of central nervous system tissue (CNS) is the Golgi procedure popularized by Cajal. The method is partially specific as only a few cells are impregnated with silver chromate usualy after osmium post fixation. Samples are observable by light (LM) or electron microscopy (EM). However, the impregnation is often so dense that structures are masked in EM, and the osmium background may be undesirable in LM. Gold toning is used for a subtle but high contrast EM preparation, and osmium can be omitted for LM. We are investigating these preparations as part of a study to develop correlative LM and EM (particularly HVEM) methodologies in neurobiology. Confocal light microscopy is particularly useful as the impregnated cells have extensive three-dimensional structure in tissue samples from one to several hundred micrometers thick. Boyde has observed similar preparations in the tandem scanning reflected light microscope (TSRLM).

Some early history of replica techniques for electron microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1076-1077
Author(s):  
Robert M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Early History ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electron Microscopes

By 1940, a half dozen or so commercial or home-built transmission electron microscopes were in use for studies of the ultrastructure of matter. These operated at 30-60 kV and most pioneering microscopists were preoccupied with their search for electron transparent substrates to support dispersions of particulates or bacteria for TEM examination and did not contemplate studies of bulk materials. Metallurgist H. Mahl and other physical scientists, accustomed to examining etched, deformed or machined specimens by reflected light in the optical microscope, were also highly motivated to capitalize on the superior resolution of the electron microscope. Mahl originated several methods of preparing thin oxide or lacquer impressions of surfaces that were transparent in his 50 kV TEM. The utility of replication was recognized immediately and many variations on the theme, including two-step negative-positive replicas, soon appeared. Intense development of replica techniques slowed after 1955 but important advances still occur. The availability of 100 kV instruments, advent of thin film methods for metals and ceramics and microtoming of thin sections for biological specimens largely eliminated any need to resort to replicas.

Detection of viruses by electron microscopy: Increased sensitivity by direct micro-ultracentrifugation of samples

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 908-909
Author(s):  
Alain R. Trudel ◽  
M. Trudel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Latex Spheres ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Size Of Particles

AirfugeR (Beckman) direct ultracentrifugation of viral samples on electron microscopy grids offers a rapid way to concentrate viral particles or subunits and facilitate their detection and study. Using the A-100 fixed angle rotor (30°) with a K factor of 19 at maximum speed (95 000 rpm), samples up to 240 μl can be prepared for electron microscopy observation in a few minutes: observation time is decreased and structural details are highlighted. Using latex spheres to calculate the increase in sensitivity compared to the inverted drop procedure, we obtained a 10 to 40 fold increase in sensitivity depending on the size of particles. This technique also permits quantification of viral particles in samples if an aliquot is mixed with latex spheres of known concentration.Direct ultracentrifugation for electron microscopy can be performed on laboratory samples such as gradient or column fractions, infected cell supernatant, or on clinical samples such as urine, tears, cephalo-rachidian liquid, etc..

Tandem scanning reflected light microscopy: How it works and applications

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Alan Boyde ◽  
Milan Hadravský ◽  
Mojmír Petran ◽  
Timothy F. Watson ◽  
Sheila J. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Central Symmetry ◽  
Single Line ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Illuminating Light ◽  
Illuminating Beam

The principles of tandem scanning reflected light microscopy and the design of recent instruments are fully described elsewhere and here only briefly. The illuminating light is intercepted by a rotating aperture disc which lies in the intermediate focal plane of a standard LM objective. This device provides an array of separate scanning beams which light up corresponding patches in the plane of focus more intensely than out of focus layers. Reflected light from these patches is imaged on to a matching array of apertures on the opposite side of the same aperture disc and which are scanning in the focal plane of the eyepiece. An arrangement of mirrors converts the central symmetry of the disc into congruency, so that the array of apertures which chop the illuminating beam is identical with the array on the observation side. Thus both illumination and “detection” are scanned in tandem, giving rise to the name Tandem Scanning Microscope (TSM). The apertures are arranged on Archimedean spirals: each opposed pair scans a single line in the image.

Innervation of endoneurial microvessels in human sural nerve

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 920-921
Author(s):  
John L. Beggs ◽  
Peter C. Johnson ◽  
Astrid G. Olafsen ◽  
C. Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Sural Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Arterial Supply ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Vasa Nervorum ◽  
Endoneurial Blood Flow

The blood supply (vasa nervorum) to peripheral nerves is composed of an interconnected dual circulation. The endoneurium of nerve fascicles is maintained by the intrinsic circulation which is composed of microvessels primarily of capillary caliber. Transperineurial arterioles link the intrinsic circulation with the extrinsic arterial supply located in the epineurium. Blood flow in the vasa nervorum is neurogenically influenced (1,2). Although a recent hypothesis proposes that endoneurial blood flow is controlled by the action of autonomic nerve fibers associated with epineurial arterioles (2), our recent studies (3) show that in addition to epineurial arterioles other segments of the vasa nervorum are also innervated. In this study, we examine blood vessels of the endoneurium for possible innervation.

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