Methodology to Quantify Human Cervical Spine Uncovertebral Joint Anatomy

1997 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumaresan ◽  
N. Yoganandan ◽  
F. A. Pintar
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Biomechanical Behavior ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Uncovertebral Joint

The uncovertebral joints appear in the adult human cervical spinal column. While the descriptions of this structure have been reported, methods to quantify the dimensions of these joints are lacking. Therefore, in this study a preliminary attempt was made to develop a methodology to quantify the three-dimensional anatomical details of these joints in the adult human cervical spine using sequential cryomicrotome anatomic sections. Bilateral dorsal to ventral length, medial to lateral depth, and caudal to cranial height measurements were obtained from C2-T1 levels. The well developed larger joints were observed in the mid to lower cervical (C3-C7) regions and the smaller joints were noted in the most cranial and caudal (C2-C3, C7-T1) levels. Uncovertebral joints in the mid to lower cervical region extended further ventrally compared to the most cranial and caudal levels. The height of the uncovertebral joints was equal to the lateral height of the intervertebral discs throughout the extent of the joint. The mean overall medial to lateral depth of the joint was 3.8 mm (± 1.8). These quantitative three-dimensional descriptions assist in describing uncovertebral joints in stress analysis based finite element models to understand its effects on the cervical spine biomechanical behavior.

Study on Cervical Spine Injuries in Vehicle Frontal Impact

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Wen Zhou ◽  
Si Qi Zhang ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Gui Qiu Song
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Frontal Impact ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Interspinous Ligament ◽  
Spine Injuries

The human spinal column is a highly complex and sophisticated system both from an engineering and neurological point of view, and provides a source of biomimetic inspiration for analysis of its function in trauma scenarios. A three-dimensional multi-body model of the 50th percentile male human and discretized neck were built for the study on cervical spine injuries in vehicle frontal impact. The discretized neck includes of cervical spine vertebrae, intervertebral discs, ligaments, and muscles. Following motor front crash evaluations, a finite element vehicle model was propelled straight ahead into a concrete barrier at a speed of 50 km/h. The longitudinal velocity of driver seat was decreased due to the absorbing energy function of the crumple zones. A Hybrid III adult male dummy was seated on a sled, restrained using safety belt, and longitudinal velocity measured from frontal impact was applied to simulate cervical spine injuries. The disk bending loads, interspinous ligament loads and disk shear strain of the cervical spine were analyzed in this paper.

scholarly journals Development of differentiated surgical technique for treating patients with multilevel degenerative diseases of cervical spine

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
V. A. Byvaltsev ◽  
A. A. Kalinin ◽  
M. A. Aliyev ◽  
V. V. Shepelev ◽  
B. R. Yusupov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Facet Joints ◽  
On Line ◽  
Surgical Tactics

Background. Currently, there is no uniform tactics for the differentiated use of dorsal decompressive-stabilizing techniques for multilevel degenerative diseases of the cervical spine, and the results of these technologies application are largely controversial.Aim. Analysis of the unsatisfactory outcomes of dorsal decompressive-stabilizing interventions in the treatment of patients with multilevel degenerative diseases of the cervical spine and development of a clinicalinstrumental algorithm for differentiated surgical tactics.Material and methods. A retrospective study included 112 patients with degenerative diseases of the cervical spine at two levels or more due to hernias of intervertebral discs, yellow ligament hypertrophy and arthrosis of facet joints, which in 2007-2014 underwent dorsal decompressive-stabilizing interventions in the volume of laminotomy with laminoplasty (LP) and laminectomy with fixation for lateral masses (LF). A correlation analysis of clinical parameters with anamnestic data, instrumental parameters, a feature of accepted surgical tactics and postoperative adverse effects.Results. In the analysis, it was established that «satisfactory» postoperative outcomes of LP are associated with a neutral or lordotic configuration of the cervical spine, the preservation of segmental movements without clinical and instrumental signs of instability; In addition, the use of LF is possible with mobile kyphotization of the cervical spine and the presence of translational instability of the cervical segments. The «unsatisfactory» postoperative results of the LP and LF are in direct correlation with the duration of the disease, the presence of myelopathic focus and rigid kyphosis of the cervical region.Conclusion. Differential use of dorsal decompressive-stabilizing techniques based on a comprehensive assessment of disease duration, configuration of the cervical spine, spinal cord condition and volume of segmental movements allows to reduce neurological symptoms, improve the level of pain and improve the functional status of patients, as well as significantly reduce the number of adverse outcomes associated with the progression of kyphotic deformity, deterioration of neurological symptoms and revision on-line decompressive-stabilizing interventions. 

Establishment and validation of finite element model of ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament with intervertebral fusion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Hui ◽  
Liu Huiqing ◽  
Zhang Yaning
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Intervertebral Fusion ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element

Abstract [Background ]: To establish a three-dimensional finite element model of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine with intervertebral fusion and verify its effectiveness, and provide a platform for finite element calculation and biomechanical analysis in the later stage.[Method]: Select the Department of Spinal Surgery, Linfen People's Hospital A volunteer imported 719 DICOM format images of cervical spine CT scans into Mimics modeling software to build a preliminary 3D model in the stl format, and used Geomagic Studio 2013 software to refine and refine the 3D model to smooth out noise and generate NURBS surfaces The model was then imported into the finite element analysis software Ansys workbench 15.0, adding ligaments and intervertebral discs, meshing, assigning material properties, and simulating 6 activities of the human cervical spine, and comparing them with references.[Results]: A total of 7 Cervical vertebral body, 1 thoracic vertebral body, 5 intervertebral discs and ligaments, etc., with a total of 320512 nodes and 180905 units. It has a realistic appearance, high degree of detail reduction, and ossification of the cervical longitudinal longitudinal ligament with good geometric similarity Incorporate a three-dimensional finite element model of intervertebral fusion. In flexion and extension, left and right lateral flexion, and axial rotation activity compared with references, there is not much difference.[Conclusion]: OPLL merger interbody fusion dimensional finite element model has good mechanical and geometric similarity after similarity cervical established in this study, the model can provide a platform for the latter to further biomechanical analysis.

Intervertebral Disc Morphology in Cervical Spine Biomechanics

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srirangam Kumaresan ◽  
Frank A. Pintar ◽  
Narayan Yoganandan ◽  
Phaladone J. Khouphongsy ◽  
Joseph F. Cusick
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Histological Images

Abstract Although qualitative descriptions of degenerative changes in the intervertebral disc components have been reported, methods to quantify these changes are lacking. A methodology was developed in this study to quantify the three-dimensional geometrical variations of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus. Fresh isolated intervertebral discs with adjacent vertebral bodies of skeletally mature young and old adult primates were sectioned sequentially, and different staining methods were used to distinguish the annulus and nucleus. Histological images were examined using light microscopy and exported to a computer to trace the boundaries of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus. Dorsal to ventral depth, medial to lateral width, and caudal to cranial height measurements of the nucleus pulposus and its relative location to the annulus pulposus were obtained. In the young adult, the nucleus was translucent with scattered notochordal cells. In the older adult, the nucleus appeared as a dense region of amorphous, irregular collagen material. A higher geometrical variation of nucleus due to degeneration was noted in the sagittal plane compared to coronal plane. Determination of the three-dimensional geometrical variations and histology analyses will assist mathematical modelers to better define the disc to study the biomechanics of the cervical spine.

scholarly journals Influence of the occlusal contacts in formation of Abfraction Lesions in the upper premolar

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victória Luswarghi Souza Costa ◽  
João Paulo Mendes Tribst ◽  
Alexandre Luiz Souto Borges
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Finite Elements Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Occlusal Contact ◽  
Biomechanical Behavior

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this study was to observe the influence of different occlusal contacts in a superior pre-molar structure using Finite Element Analysis. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> A three-dimensional model of a superior pre-molar was designed to simulate three occlusion situations, namely central occlusion and two types of lateral occlusion contacts. The model presents enamel, dentin, a periodontal ligament and a fixation cylinder separately. All materials were considered isotropic, linear and homogeneous, and the contacts of each structure were perfectly bonded. On analysis software, a load was applied to an occlusal surface at 40° to the long axis on lateral contacts, and directed to the long axis on central occlusion contact. <strong>Results:</strong> The results were obtained in stress maps and the maximum values were then plotted in table for quantitative comparison, with the enamel concentrating more stress than dentin and the occlusal contact presenting the worst biomechanical behavior. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the limitations of this study, it is possible conclude that: eccentric contacts have higher potential to develop abfraction lesions on the cervical region of teeth, thus increasing the magnitude of tensile and shear stresses.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Finite Elements Analysis, Abfraction; Stress distribution; Occlusion, Premolar.</p>

Effect of Active Head Restraint on Cervical Vertebrae Injuries Lessening

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Wen Zhou ◽  
Si Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Interspinous Ligament ◽  
Head Restraint ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Ligamenta Flava

A three-dimensional multi-body model of the 50th percentile male human and discretized neck was built to evaluate the effect of active head restraint on cervical vertebrae injuries lessening in vehicle rear impact. The discretized neck includes of cervical spine vertebrae, intervertebral discs, ligaments, and muscles. The BioRID-II adult male dummy restrained using safety belt was seated on a sled, whose longitudinal velocity measured from rear impact FEM simulation was applied to simulate the relative motion of the head and neck. According to the interspinous ligament loads and the ligamenta flava loads of the cervical spine, an active head restraint and an impact absorber were designed to lessening the neck injuries in vehicle rear end collisions.

Development and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model of Cervical Spine (C3-C5)

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bahramshahi ◽  
H. Ghaemi ◽  
K. Behdinan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Disc Bulge

The objective of this investigation is to develop a detailed, non-linear asymmetric three-dimensional anatomically and mechanically accurate FE model of complete middle cervical spine (C3-C5) using Hypermesh and MSC.Marc software. To achieve this goal, the components of the cervical spine are modeled using 20-noded hexagonal elements. The model includes the intervertebral disc, cortical bone, cancellous bone, endplates, and ligaments. The structure and dimensions of each spinal component are compared with experimentally measured values. In addition, the soil mechanics formulation of MSC.Marc finite element software is applied to model the mechanical behaviour of vertebrae and intervertebral discs as linear isotropic two-phase (biphasic) material. The FE simulation is conducted to investigate compression, flexion\extension and right\Left lateral bending modes. The simulation results are validated and compared closely with the published experimental data and the existing FE models. In general, results show greater flexibility in flexion and less flexibility in extension. The flexion/extension curves are asymmetric with a greater magnitude in flexion than in extension. In addition, the variations of the predicted lateral C4-C5 disc bulge are investigated and the results show that the maximum disc bulge occurs at the C4-C5 anterior location.

scholarly journals ULTRASOUND FEATURES OF CERVICAL SPINE IN HEALTHY PEOPLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Zubov ◽  
Alexandra A. Berezhnaya ◽  
Larisa N. Antonova ◽  
Andrey A. Zubov
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Height Measurement ◽  
The Right ◽  
Disc Level

Aim. In this research, we aimed to study echographic characteristics and normal sizes of the vertebrae and intervertebral discs of the cervical region in healthy individuals.Materials and methods. On the material of 45 healthy volunteers, normal echographic characteristics of the cervical spine were studied using Toshiba Aplio 500 and Toshiba Aplio XG (Japan) scanners equipped with 3.5–5.0 MHz convex sensors and 7.5–12.0 MHz linear sensors.Results. It is found that ultrasound examination from the anterior-lateral access to the right and left allows the C3–C7 vertebral body surfaces facing the sensor to be visualized and their interposition and condition to be evaluated. A new echoanatomical reference point for ultrasonic identifi cation of the level of the cervical vertebra is proposed based on the visualization during the transverse scanning of the carotid artery bifurcation, which corresponds to the C3–C4 intervertebral disc level. The information capacity of the proposed echoanatomical criterion exceeds that for the traditional anatomical criterion used for the C7 vertebra along the sternoclavicular joint by 15.6 ± 5.4%. It is revealed that ultrasound examination provides for a satisfactory visualization of intervertebral discs at a level from C3–C4 to C7–Th1 in the longitudinal and transverse projections, as well as the evaluation of their echostructure and height measurement. The minimum, maximum and average values of the height of intervertebral discs at different levels are given; their dependence on gender, height and body weight of the examined persons is analyzed.Conclusion. It is established that ultrasound examination from the anterior-lateral access is an informative method for investigating vertebral structures at the C3–C7 level. The proposed echoanatomical reference point for C3 and C4 vertebrae allows the ultrasonic identifi cation of the cervical vertebra level to be improved by 15.6 ± 5.4%. The height of the intervertebral disc in healthy persons averages 4.38 ± 0.51 mm and signifi cantly nonlinearly increases from the C3–C4 to C7–Th1 level. 

scholarly journals Finite element analysis of middle cervical spine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noushin Bahramshahi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Disc Bulge

The spinal cord may be injured through various spinal column injury patterns. However, the relationship between column injury pattern and cord damage is not well understood. This investigation was conducted to develop a detailed, asymmetric three-dimensional finite element model of the C3-C5 cervical spine. The model was validated by comparing the simulation results obtained in this study with experimental published data. Upon validation of the model, the spinal cord was included into the model the simulation were performed. The disc bulge in the model with spinal cord were measured and compared with the results of the model without spinal cord. The results showed that inclusion of the spinal cord reduced the amount of lateral disc bulged. The results of the analysis of the model with spinal cord showed that in compression, the anterior surface of spinal cord sees more displacement, stress and strain that posterior surface and vice versa for flexion/extension.

Effect of Asymmetry on Finite Element Model of Cervical Spine

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Zafarparandeh ◽  
Deniz Erbulut ◽  
Ismail Lazoglu ◽  
Fahir Ozer
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
Clinical Instability ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The cervical region of spinal column has been known as a frequent site of injuries. The major causes of injuries are vehicle accidents and sports. Clinical instability is known as one of the important topics in cervical spine research. It clarifies the relation between the mechanical dysfunction of the spine and the neurologic dysfunction and pain. From the clinical point of view, if the spinal segment exhibits abnormal large increase in rotational or translational displacements under physiological load, it is considered as unstable. There are different biomechanical models available to understand the underlying mechanisms of injury and dysfunction. Finite element (FE) models have been used as a strong tool to provide the basic insights into the workings of the cervical spine system. Furthermore, they have been clinically useful in the development of the definition of clinical instability and of diagnostic guidelines [1].

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