RECURSIVE SEQUENCES IDENTIFYING THE NUMBER OF EMBEDDED COALITIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
DAVID W. K. YEUNG
Keyword(s):  
Coalition Structures ◽  
Recursive Sequences ◽  
Strategic Behaviors ◽  
Recursive Sequence ◽  
Individual Player ◽  
Player Game ◽  
The Individual

Strategic behaviors of players depend crucially on the coalition structures of a game. A recursive sequence identifying the number of embedded coalitions in a n-player game is derived. The paper also derives a recursive sequence identifying the number of embedded coalitions in a n-player game where the position of the individual player in a partition counts.

Characterization of the Biomechanical and Situational Aspects of High Magnitude Subconcussive Impacts in Collegiate Football

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (20 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S1.2-S1
Author(s):  
Kristen Lila Lacelle ◽  
Mario Stampanoni Bassi ◽  
Allen Anthony Champagne ◽  
Nicole Coverdale ◽  
Douglas J. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Impact Location ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
Repetitive Exposure ◽  
Individual Player ◽  
Player Game ◽  
Subconcussive Impacts ◽  
The Individual

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to characterize high magnitude subconcussive impacts in football to identify injurious relationships between player/game-based characteristics and impact magnitude and frequency.BackgroundSubconcussive impacts are asymptomatic head impacts thought to induce alterations in the brain after repetitive exposure. Understanding factors that lead to higher magnitude or frequency of head impacts in football is crucial to develop harm reduction and prevention strategies.Design/MethodsEighty-one male university level football players were equipped with helmet accelerometers to capture linear acceleration (LA), impact frequency and helmet impact location. Impacts with LA = 60 g were included in the analysis. Video footage from 15 games over three seasons was analyzed to characterize aspects of play including play type, position, closing distance, player technique, tackling versus blocking and impact type (helmet-to-helmet/body/ground).ResultsA total of 570 impacts were included in the analysis with a mean LA of 83.44 g ± 23.60. Impacts with a closing distance of = 10 yards resulted in higher LA compared to <10 yards and occurred most frequently in run plays. Wide receivers and defensive backs were most often involved in impacts with a larger closing distance and experienced the highest average LA behind quarterbacks. Helmet-to-body impacts generated significantly higher LA compared to helmet-to-helmet, though helmet-to-helmet occurred more often. Players involved in a tackle sustained significantly higher LAs than those involved in a block. Impacts in which players exhibited poor technique lead to higher LA and occurred more frequently in tackling versus blocking impacts.ConclusionsThe results of this work suggest that rules regarding offensive backfield running starts could be adjusted to decrease risk of impact after a larger closing distance. Behavioral modifications and coaching approaches aimed at improving tackling technique could decrease exposure to threshold impacts at the level of the individual player.

Governing the Future: Citizenship as Technology, Empowerment as Technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
The Future ◽  
Individual Player ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual

This article examines how citizenship can be deployed as a technology of conduct, and how it combines with the technique of empowerment in instituting the behavioural norms that constitute a neo-liberal social order. It conducts a detailed analysis of policy innovations in the Republic of Ireland, where children have recently been recognized as ‘active citizens’. This field of innovation is framed by the idea that children should be listened to and included in the decisions affecting their lives. The fact that this concerns children is important, because governing children is a way of acting upon the future. Moreover, governing the future is not a matter of reducing inequalities, but of ensuring the inclusion of all into Foucault’s neo-liberal ‘game between inequalities’. In cases of failure, the fault lies with the individual player, not with the game.

Examining millennials’ online gambling behavior: a comparison of generational differences

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunju Suh ◽  
Matt Alhaery ◽  
Brett Abarbanel ◽  
Andrew McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Individual Player ◽  
Generational Groups ◽  
Trip Frequency ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gambling Market

Purpose This study aims to examine Millennials and generational differences in online gambling activity by comparing online gambling behavior across four different generations: Silent Generation, Baby Boomers, Gen Xers and Millennials. Design/methodology/approach The sample comprised tracked gambling data at the individual player level provided by an online casino accepting real money wagers in a major US gambling market. Attributes of gambling behavior were examined and compared across different generations using Kruskal–Wallis test and pairwise comparisons. Findings Generational differences were observed in 13 of the 16 behavioral variables. Millennials spent the least amount of time on gambling and exhibited the lowest scores on the number of days for slot gambling, trip length and trip frequency among all generations. However, their average table gaming volume per play day was greater than those of other generations. Practical implications The results of this study provide a better understanding of the generational differences in online gambling behavior. They also help casino operators and gaming machine manufacturers develop casino games and products that can appeal to different generational groups in the online gambling market. Originality/value Despite the on-going industry discussion about Millennials and their potential influence on the online gambling market, there appears to be a paucity of empirical research on the online gambling behavior of the Millennial generation. This study fills that gap in empirical evidence, addressing generational differences in online gambling.

scholarly journals Coalition Formation with Externalities: The Case of the Northeast Atlantic Mackerel Fishery in a Pre- and Post-Brexit Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Toumasatos ◽  
Stein Ivar Steinshamn
Keyword(s):  
Coalition Formation ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Northeast Atlantic ◽  
Atlantic Mackerel ◽  
Coalition Structures ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Player Game ◽  
The Uk

The partition function approach is applied to study coalition formation in the Northeast Atlantic mackerel fishery in the presence of externalities. Atlantic mackerel is mainly exploited by the European Union (EU), the United Kingdom (UK), Norway, the Faroe Islands and Iceland. Two games are considered. First, a four-player game where the UK is still a member of the EU. Second, a five-player game where the UK is no longer a member of the union. Each game is modeled in two stages. In the first stage, players form coalitions following a predefined set of rules. In the second stage, given the coalition structure that has been formed, each coalition chooses the economic strategy that maximizes its own net present value of the fishery, given the behavior of the other coalitions. The game is solved using backward induction to obtain the set of Nash equilibria coalition structures in pure strategies, if any. We find that the current management regime is among the stable coalition structures in all eight scenarios of the four-player game but in only one case of the five-player game. In addition, stability in the five-player game is sensitive to the growth function applied and the magnitude of the stock elasticity parameter.

scholarly journals Together or Alone: The Price of Privacy in Collaborative Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Balázs Pejó ◽  
Qiang Tang ◽  
Gergely Biczók
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Player Game ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Machine learning algorithms have reached mainstream status and are widely deployed in many applications. The accuracy of such algorithms depends significantly on the size of the underlying training dataset; in reality a small or medium sized organization often does not have the necessary data to train a reasonably accurate model. For such organizations, a realistic solution is to train their machine learning models based on their joint dataset (which is a union of the individual ones). Unfortunately, privacy concerns prevent them from straightforwardly doing so. While a number of privacy-preserving solutions exist for collaborating organizations to securely aggregate the parameters in the process of training the models, we are not aware of any work that provides a rational framework for the participants to precisely balance the privacy loss and accuracy gain in their collaboration. In this paper, by focusing on a two-player setting, we model the collaborative training process as a two-player game where each player aims to achieve higher accuracy while preserving the privacy of its own dataset. We introduce the notion of Price of Privacy, a novel approach for measuring the impact of privacy protection on the accuracy in the proposed framework. Furthermore, we develop a game-theoretical model for different player types, and then either find or prove the existence of a Nash Equilibrium with regard to the strength of privacy protection for each player. Using recommendation systems as our main use case, we demonstrate how two players can make practical use of the proposed theoretical framework, including setting up the parameters and approximating the non-trivial Nash Equilibrium.

Rake policies of for-profit and non-profit online poker sites: A case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-31
Author(s):  
Björn Lantz ◽  
Anders Isaksson
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Individual Player ◽  
Corporate Goals ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Privately Owned

How does governance affect the operative behaviour of gambling sites? We conjecture that differences in governance primarily cause pricing differences among gambling sites. This paper presents an analysis of the purpose and implications of rake policy differences between privately owned for-profit and state-owned non-profit poker web sites. Specifically, the paper comprises a comparative case study analysis of Svenska Spel Poker, owned by the Swedish state, and the commercial site PokerStars. The analysis focuses on the range of different types of single table Sit and Go tournaments offered at each site. We observe two main differences between the sites with respect to rake. First, PokerStars uses a rather complex formula to determine the rake percentage based on variables such as tournament speed, stakes, and size while Svenska Spel uses the same rake percentage for all Sit and Go tournaments regardless of speed and stakes but with a 50 percent discount if the tournament is played heads-up. Second, PokerStars charges less rake than Svenska Spel except for the lowest stakes. We discuss the effects and purpose of these rake policy differences from four different perspectives: 1) the individual player, 2) the player collective, 3) the poker market, and 4) society. The overall conclusion is that these different perspectives cause conflicting opinions on the 'goodness' of the sites. Our study also highlights the difficulties experienced by a state-owned gambling site in balancing social and corporate goals.

The “Lonely Game”: Baseball, Kierkegaard, and the Spiritual Life

Horizons ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Spiritual Discipline ◽  
Christian Life ◽  
John Updike ◽  
Returning Home ◽  
Individual Player ◽  
Return Home ◽  
The Individual

This essay aims to show that baseball's time-honored emphases on physical and spiritual discipline follow from its metaphysical imaginary. In turn, it will reason that Christian life and thought are capable of illuminating baseball—and vice versa. The argument will proceed as follows: First, both Christianity and baseball frame their worlds in terms of emanation (exitus) and return (reditus): “players” leave home and aim to return home; second, though players belong to a team or community (ecclesia), the task of returning home is ultimately a solitary one; it has to be done by the individual player, even if the team, too, benefits from the individual's undertaking; and third, the spiritual or attitudinal development of the individual is thus crucial: players have to attend to how they approach the “game,” particularly in terms of their internal comportment. This last point will receive special attention: it will be reasoned that Søren Kierkegaard's spiritual writings, tendered for the existential “upbuilding” (Opbyggelse) of “the single individual” (den Enkelte), might likewise offer upbuilding insights for the individuals who play baseball—a sport that John Updike once called “an essentially lonely game.”

scholarly journals On Polynomial Recursive Sequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaël Cadilhac ◽  
Filip Mazowiecki ◽  
Charles Paperman ◽  
Michał Pilipczuk ◽  
Géraud Sénizergues
Keyword(s):  
Expressive Power ◽  
Weighted Automata ◽  
Recursive Sequences ◽  
Recursive Sequence ◽  
Nonlinear Extensions

AbstractWe study the expressive power of polynomial recursive sequences, a nonlinear extension of the well-known class of linear recursive sequences. These sequences arise naturally in the study of nonlinear extensions of weighted automata, where (non)expressiveness results translate to class separations. A typical example of a polynomial recursive sequence is bn = n!. Our main result is that the sequence un = nn is not polynomial recursive.

scholarly journals Quantifying and Comparing the Match Demands of U18, U23, and 1ST Team English Professional Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Reynolds ◽  
Mark Connor ◽  
Mikael Jamil ◽  
Marco Beato
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Individual Player ◽  
Player Game ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the match load demands of U18, U23, and 1ST team players during the official season. A total of 65 matches and 495 (U18 = 146, U23 = 146, and 1ST team = 203) individual player game observations were included in this analysis. A 10-Hz global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and 100-Hz triaxial accelerometer (STATSports, Apex, Northern Ireland) were used to monitor the following metrics during official matches: total distance, high-speed running distance (HSR), sprint distance, high metabolic distance, explosive distance, high-intensity bursts distance, speed intensity, and dynamic stress load (DSL) were analyzed. A multivariate analysis of variance test reported significant (p &lt; 0.001) differences among the groups. HSR during matches was lower (d = small) for U18 players than the U23 and 1ST team players. Sprint distance and high-intensity bursts distance were lower (small) in U18 compared with the U23 and 1ST team. DSL was greater in 1ST compared with U18 (small) and U23 (small). This study reported that the differences between groups were greater for HSR, sprint distance, high-intensity bursts distance, and DSL, while total distance, high metabolic load distance, explosive distance, and speed intensity did not differ between the groups. These findings could be used to design training programs in the academy players (i.e., U18) to achieve the required long-term physical adaptations that are needed to progress into the U23 and 1ST teams.

scholarly journals Inequalities approach in determination of convergence of recurrence sequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Albert Adu-Sackey ◽  
◽  
Francis T. Oduro ◽  
Gabriel Obed Fosu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Mathematical Induction ◽  
Recurrence Sequence ◽  
Recursive Sequences ◽  
Recursive Sequence ◽  
Leading Term ◽  
Geometric Sequence ◽  
Newton Raphson ◽  
Recurrence Sequences

The paper proves convergence for three uniquely defined recursive sequences, namely, arithmetico-geometric sequence, the Newton-Raphson recursive sequence, and the nested/composite recursive sequence. The three main hurdles for this prove processes are boundedness, monotonicity, and convergence. Oftentimes, these processes lie in the predominant use of prove by mathematical induction and also require some bit of creativity and inspiration drawn from the convergence monotone theorem. However, these techniques are not adopted here, rather, as a novelty, extensive use of basic manipulation of inequalities and useful equations are applied in illustrating convergence for these sequences. Moreover, we established a mathematical expression for the limit of the nested recurrence sequence in terms of its leading term which yields favorable results.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document