A SIMPLE MODEL OF REPRESSION AND REVOLT IN AUTOCRACIES APPLIED TO THE ARAB SPRING

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 1240005 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIO GILLI
Keyword(s):  
Arab Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Specific Point ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
True State ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Arab Spring

The aim of this paper is to provide a specific point of view on the protests that have characterized the Arab countries from December 2010 and are still going on. To understand some of the reasons behind these events, I propose a sequential game with asymmetric information on the likelihood of having a successful uprising. This means that on one hand the government choices may signal the true state of nature and on the other hand the citizens' choices are a way to learn the truth. I assume specific parameters' values to obtain a full characterization of the set of equilibria. This allows to show the interaction of three main factors in determining the possible resulting political regimes: the country's wealth, the autocratic institutions and the general political mood. The complex interaction of these three variables explains why apparently heterogeneous countries may have similar political processes and apparently similar countries face different political situations.

scholarly journals SOCIAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN

2015 ◽  
pp. 216-221
Author(s):  
S. B. Druzhilovsky
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Social Protest ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
House Arrest ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Arab Spring

The article deals with causes and distinctive features of social protest movements in Iran through the prism of the effect that historic and contemporary developments have on them. The author analyses the most important factors that influence social activity during periods of exacerbating internal tensions in Iran. Great importance is attached to the Shia clergy ́s role in leading protest movements in the country before the Islamic revolution. Besides, the author evaluates the capacity of the ruling clergy to halt protests and ensure the majority ́s loyalty to the governing regime. Considerable attention is paid to the characteristics of the so-called «green movement» in which during 2011–2012. Again loudly declared himself to speak in support of popular uprisings in several Arab countries during the «Arab Spring». Under the influence of these events in Iran have again begun a protest against President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. In this regard, the Iranian authorities placed under house arrest of several opposition leaders, including Mousavi. Since then, the situation in Iran in general has stabilized. Moreover, the leaders of the «green» M. Mousavi and M. Kyarubi made a number of harsh anti-Western statements, in which he accused the West of choosing «wrong way» to resolve the Iranian nuclear issue by introducing anti-Iranian sanctions. They are, from the point of view of the opposition leaders, especially not hit the economic interests of the Iranian government and the Iranian citizen. The election in November 2013 the new president of Iran representative of the liberal camp Hassan Rouhani also had a positive impact on the containment of the Iranian opposition street protests.

scholarly journals Indonesian Democracy as A Model for Egypt after The Arab Spring

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sahide ◽  
Rezki Satris
Keyword(s):  
Arab Spring ◽  
External Factor ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Internal Factor ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Arab Spring

The Arab Spring in 2011 opened the way for democratization in some Arab countries, including Egypt. Egypt succeeded in overthrowing Hosni Mubarak as the president, but Egypt failed in consolidating democracy after holding a general election in 2012. The main factors of the failure in consolidating democracy in Egypt come from internal and external factors. The internal factor was that Egypt had not been ready for democracy , whereas the external factor was  foreign intervention due to national interest. This article analyzes the failure of democratization in Egypt by using Jack Snyder and Georg Sorensen’s theory. In the last part of this article, the writer suggested that Egypt should have learned how to consolidate democracy from Indonesia. Indonesia is the best model of democracy for Egypt due to some reasons. The first one is Indonesia and Egypt near a culturally (religious approach), and the second one is Indonesia's success, as the majority Muslim state, in consolidating democracy since 1998.

scholarly journals The "Arab Spring": New Mechanisms of Change of Authoritarian Political Regimes

2015 ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
E. A. Antyukhova
Keyword(s):  
Arab Spring ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Real Picture ◽  
The Arab Spring

The article explores the use of mechanisms in bringing down authoritarian political regimes in the Middle East and North Africa with the "Arab spring" in focus. The technique of "non-violent" methods of fight suggested by "godfather" of the "Arab spring" Gene Sharp is analyzed. It is noted that the distinctive features of his system were planned, determined and dynamic actions of protest forces. A special place in the article is devoted to the study of the role of non-governmental organizations in selecting and training protest leaders and activists and in creating a network of supporters of prodemocratic movements. The article examines the role of the Internet and cyber technologies used by the opposition during protest rallies. Non-violence as means of bringing down the existing power turned out to be an alternative to armed resistance. The key role of non-violent actions consisted in changing the point of view of anti-government forces, demonstrating that the public solidarity could make the regime overthrow possible. It is noted that the latest information means gave the process of political changes due activity and focus which was followed by the information actions designed to discredit the government in place and form the corresponding public opinion. Mediatization of politics promoted the creation of a dense information veil retouching a real picture. The overall system of methods used during the "the Arab spring" indicates that the mechanism of overthrowing authoritarian regimes and its technologies came from Western culture and were borrowed by Arab activists.

scholarly journals THE PONDOK EDUCATION ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FROM THE LENSES OF STATE RELIGIOUS DEPARTMENT AND COUNCIL OFFICIALS IN MALAYSIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 384-393
Author(s):  
Maziahtusima Ishak ◽  
Siti Rugayah Tibek ◽  
Zulkiple Abd.Ghani ◽  
Mohd Muzhafar Idrus ◽  
Hazlina Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discussion Group ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
Roundtable Discussion ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Group Interviews

Pondok Institution is one of the earliest institutions concentrating in Islamic education established especially in the Malay Peninsula. The growth of schools and madrasah administered by the government as well as private has reduced the development of the Pondok in the early 90s. However, at present, Pondok studies are burgeoning due to the high demand from the community. Although the Pondok institution can be regarded as pioneers in instituting Islamic education, a survey that has been conducted finds that there is no clear, transparent coordination in the curriculum or studies provided. This paper discusses some aspects of education in Pondok institutions, particularly on the challenges and impediments faced by the Pondok administrators from the point of view of officials in the Islamic Religious Department and the State Islamic Religious Council, who are invited during a roundtable discussion. Group interviews were conducted. The interview data were recorded, transcribed and analyzed thematically using ATLAS ti software. The study reveals that studies concerning Pondok institutions are increasingly gaining acceptance from local communities. In addition, there are three main factors that support the development of the present Pondok education which are the curriculum, finance, and management of the Pondok study itself. By focusing on issues and challenges surrounding Pondok education, this study is a start to a beginning of a worthwhile and meaningful discussion of what it means to develop Pondok institution and teach Islamic education within the Malaysian context.

scholarly journals The Problems of Arab Solidarity and the Impact of Arab Spring on It: Study on the Model of the GCC Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Salem Toubasi ◽  
Ahmad Alzubaidi ◽  
Mushir Abahra
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Perspective

The author presents a brief study of the Arab solidarity. Furthermore, From the point of view of the author the Arab cooperation is one of the most controversial topics in the Arab world, whereas this idea extends to the first history of the Arab countries, we can also mention the creation of the Gulf Cooperation Council, and then the Maghreb Union of Arab Countries. In this article, the topic of Arab solidarity will be presented, through the views of many thinkers, and based on many analytical researches of Arab public opinion, the view of Arab solidarity and analysis of many ideas put forward for this project. There are new positive ideas possibly can be implemented to achieve the Arab solidarity, which is still a very important project for a wide sector of Arabs, this analytical study will present the case of the Gulf Cooperation Council states as example of positive implementation of Arab solidarity. This article includes the results of Arab public opinion and shed the light on the Arab spring which affected many international and local events. The author asks if Arab solidarity will a real case in the future. This study will investigate these issues and provide the readers with a modern perspective on this topic, furthermore this research approaches this subject from three different areas of discussion: the realism approach, the functionalism approach, and the idealism approach.

scholarly journals CAUSES OF MODERN COUPS AND CONSIDERATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE ESCALATION OF THE POLITICAL CRISIS IN ARAB COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1514-1521
Author(s):  
Gaziza Kurpebayeva
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Arab Spring

Purpose of the study: The article describes the comparative analysis of the main parameters of the Arab Spring Revolution. The Arab world is the ethnic core of the Middle East. These countries faced an acute problem of choosing their political strategy. Globalization has largely discounted the idea of national sovereignty and a self-sufficient economy with the leading role of the public sector. Methodology: The main methodological approaches are defined using the basic principles reflected in leading researchers' works in political, historical, and social sciences. The complete application of comparative historical analysis allowed us to determine the main stages and trends in developing political processes within the "Arab spring" framework. The use of modeling and forecasting methods allows determining options for further development of these processes. Main Findings: The Middle East and North Africa took part in the forced revolutionary transformation of political regimes, called the Arab spring. The growth of protests in the region is due to internal and external reasons. Each country depends on the specific socio-political, economic, religious situation, and the characteristics of states' historical development. Applications of this study: Based on the results of this study, it is possible to develop new recommendations for the foreign ministries of countries that are neutral in relation to the processes of socio-political transformations in the Arab countries. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is one of the first attempts to consider the socio-political processes that took place in the countries of the Arab East through the prism of Kazakh diplomacy, as a country that does not have certain geopolitical goals and benefits, as a country that does not have a direct or indirect relationship to the events of the Arab spring.

Unfolding #Anonymous on Twitter

First Monday ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Beraldo
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Specific Point ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Semantic Complexity

This paper presents a comprehensive empirical investigation of the range of actors, issues and sub-groups related to the hashtag Anonymous on Twitter between 2012 and 2015. Complementing existing studies that have provided in-depth accounts of Anonymous from a specific point of view, this research provides an overview of the network related to the discursive construction of Anonymous on Twitter from a synoptic standpoint. In particular, the analysis covers three dimensions: the structure and dynamics of the #Anonymous interaction network; the range of issues that Anonymous has been associated with; and the relation between Anonymous and its offshoots. This research provides a descriptive characterization of the topological and semantic complexity of Anonymous and invites to reflect on the simplifications that our vocabulary and methods entail vis a vis the complexity of digital entities delimited by and individuated through hashtags.

The role of graining in ensuring food security

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
R. M. Gambarova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Grain Farms

Relevance. Grain is the key to strategic products to ensure food security. From this point of view, the creation of large grain farms is a matter for the country's selfsufficiency and it leading to a decrease in financial expense for import. Creation of such farms creates an abundance of productivity from the area and leads to obtaining increased reproductive seeds. The main policy of the government is to minimize dependency from import, create abundance of food and create favorable conditions for export potential.The purpose of the study: the development of grain production in order to ensure food security of the country and strengthen government support for this industry.Methods: comparative analysis, systems approach.Results. As shown in the research, if we pay attention to the activities of private entrepreneurship in the country, we can see result of the implementation of agrarian reforms after which various types of farms have been created in republic.The role of privateentrepreneurshipinthedevelopmentofproduction is great. Тhe article outlines the sowing area, production, productivity, import, export of grain and the level of selfsufficiency in this country from 2015 till 2017.

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