A simple assessment on the hierarchy problem

We speculate on a version of the "standard" model of the electroweak and strong interactions coupled to gravity and equipped with a spontaneously broken, anomalous, conformal gauge symmetry. The scalar sector is virtually absent in the minimal model but in the general case it shows up in the form of a nonlinear harmonic map Lagrangian. A Euclidean approach to the cosmological constant problem is also addressed in this framework.

The fine tuning of the cosmological constant in a conformal model

International Journal of Modern Physics A ◽

10.1142/s0217751x15501717 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (32) ◽

pp. 1550171 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Pankaj Jain ◽

Gopal Kashyap ◽

Subhadip Mitra

Keyword(s):

Standard Model ◽

Cosmological Constant ◽

Conformal Symmetry ◽

Scalar Fields ◽

Fine Tuning ◽

Strongly Coupled ◽

Conformal Model ◽

Hidden Sector ◽

A Value ◽

The Standard Model

We consider a conformal model involving two real scalar fields in which the conformal symmetry is broken by a soft mechanism and is not anomalous. One of these scalar fields is representative of the standard model Higgs. The model predicts exactly zero cosmological constant. In the simplest version of the model, some of the couplings need to be fine-tuned to very small values. We formulate the problem of fine tuning of these couplings. We argue that the problem arises since we require a soft mechanism to break conformal symmetry. The symmetry breaking is possible only if the scalar fields do not evolve significantly over the time scale of the Universe. Ignoring contributions due to quantum gravity, we present two solutions to this fine tuning problem. We argue that the problem is solved if the classical value of one of the scalar fields is super-Planckian, i.e. takes a value much larger than the Planck mass. The second solution involves introduction of a strongly coupled hidden sector that we call hypercolor. In this case, the conformal invariance is broken dynamically and triggers the breakdown of the electroweak symmetry. We argue that our analysis applies also to the case of the standard model Higgs multiplet.

GRAVITY, COSMOLOGY AND PARTICLE PHYSICS WITHOUT THE COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT PROBLEM

Modern Physics Letters A ◽

10.1142/s0217732398001662 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 1583-1586 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

E. I. GUENDELMAN ◽

A. B. KAGANOVICH

Keyword(s):

Cosmological Constant ◽

Particle Physics ◽

Vacuum Energy ◽

Vacuum State ◽

Scalar Fields ◽

Fine Tuning ◽

Gauge Fields ◽

Hierarchy Problem ◽

Cosmological Constant Problem ◽

First Order

This letter elucidates recent achievements of the "nongravitating vacuum energy (NGVE) theory" which has the feature that a shift of the Lagrangian density by a constant does not affect dynamics. In the first-order formalism, a constraint appears that enforces the vanishing of the cosmological constant Λ. Standard dynamics of gauge unified theories (including fermions) and their SSB appear if a four-index field strength condensate is present. At the vacuum state, there is exact balance (to zero) of the gauge fields condensate and the original scalar fields potential. As a result it is possible to combine the solution of the Λ problem with inflation and transition to a Λ=0 phase without fine tuning after a reheating period. The model opens new possibilities for a solution of the hierarchy problem.

Standard model from a supergravity model with a naturally small cosmological constant

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep05(2021)181 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Shing Yan Li ◽

Yu-Cheng Qiu ◽

S.-H. Henry Tye

Keyword(s):

String Theory ◽

Standard Model ◽

Cosmological Constant ◽

Supersymmetry Breaking ◽

Supersymmetric Standard Model ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Interaction Terms ◽

Supersymmetric Version ◽

The Standard Model ◽

Linear Version

Abstract Guided by the naturalness criterion for an exponentially small cosmological constant, we present a string theory motivated 4-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1 non-linear supergravity model (or its linear version with a nilpotent superfield) with spontaneous supersymmetry breaking. The model encompasses the minimal supersymmetric standard model, the racetrack Kähler uplift, and the KKLT anti-D3-branes, and use the nilpotent superfield to project out the undesirable interaction terms as well as the unwanted degrees of freedom to end up with the standard model (not the supersymmetric version) of strong and electroweak interactions.

DARK MATTER, AND ITS DARKNESS

International Journal of Modern Physics D ◽

10.1142/s0218271806009777 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 2267-2278 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

D. V. AHLUWALIA-KHALILOVA

Keyword(s):

Dark Matter ◽

Standard Model ◽

Cosmological Constant ◽

Model Material ◽

Representation Space ◽

Spatial Curvature ◽

The Standard Model ◽

General Relativistic ◽

Relativistic Description ◽

Friedmann Robertson Walker

Assuming the validity of the general relativistic description of gravitation on astrophysical and cosmological length scales, we analytically infer that the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker cosmology with Einsteinian cosmological constant, and a vanishing spatial curvature constant, unambiguously requires a significant amount of dark matter. This requirement is consistent with other indications for dark matter. The same space–time symmetries that underlie the freely falling frames of Einsteinian gravity also provide symmetries which, for the spin one half representation space, furnish a novel construct that carries extremely limited interactions with respect to the terrestrial detectors made of the standard model material. Both the "luminous" and "dark" matter turn out to be residents of the same representation space but they derive their respective "luminosity" and "darkness" from either belonging to the sector with (CPT)2 = +𝟙, or to the sector with (CPT)2 = -𝟙.

Exploration of Extended Higgs Sectors with Run-2 Proton–Proton Collision Data at the LHC

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym13112144 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 2144

Author(s):

Arnaud Ferrari ◽

Nikolaos Rompotis

Keyword(s):

Standard Model ◽

Higgs Sector ◽

Scalar Fields ◽

Higgs Bosons ◽

Proton Collision ◽

Complex Scalar ◽

Proton Proton ◽

The Standard Model ◽

Extended Higgs Sectors ◽

Proton Proton Collision

One doublet of complex scalar fields is the minimal content of the Higgs sector in order to achieve spontaneous electroweak symmetry breaking and, in turn, to generate the masses of fundamental particles in the Standard Model. However, several theories beyond the Standard Model predict a nonminimal Higgs sector and introduce additional singlets, doublets or even higher-order weak isospin representations, thereby yielding additional Higgs bosons. With its high proton–proton collision energy (13 TeV during Run-2), the Large Hadron Collider opens a new window towards the exploration of extended Higgs sectors. This review article summarises the current state-of-the-art experimental results recently obtained in searches for new neutral and charged Higgs bosons with a partial or full Run-2 dataset.

The force and gravity of events

Modern Physics Letters A ◽

10.1142/s0217732316300159 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (16) ◽

pp. 1630015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert Delbourgo

Keyword(s):

Standard Model ◽

Cosmological Constant ◽

Ricci Scalar ◽

The Other ◽

Gauge Fields ◽

Generalized Metric ◽

The Standard Model ◽

Property Space

Local events are characterized by “where”, “when” and “what”. Just as (bosonic) spacetime forms the backdrop for location and time, (fermionic) property space can serve as the backdrop for the attributes of a system. With such a scenario I shall describe a scheme that is capable of unifying gravitation and the other forces of nature. The generalized metric contains the curvature of spacetime and property separately, with the gauge fields linking the bosonic and fermionic arenas. The super-Ricci scalar can then automatically yield the spacetime Lagrangian of gravitation and the Standard Model (plus a cosmological constant) upon integration over property coordinates.

HIGGS MASS FROM A CASIMIR ENERGY INDUCED COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT IN THE STANDARD MODEL

Modern Physics Letters A ◽

10.1142/s0217732304014550 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 19 (13n16) ◽

pp. 1195-1201

Author(s):

XIAO-GANG HE

Keyword(s):

Standard Model ◽

Symmetry Breaking ◽

Cosmological Constant ◽

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽

Particle Physics ◽

Higgs Mass ◽

Vacuum Energy ◽

Casimir Energy ◽

Renormalization Scale ◽

The Standard Model

Casimir vacuum energy is divergent. It needs to be regularized. The regularization introduces a renormalization scale which may lead to a scale dependent cosmological constant. We show that the requirement of physical cosmological constant is renormalization scale independent provides important constraints on possible particle contents and their masses in particle physics models. In the Standard Model of strong and electroweak interactions, besides the Casimir vacuum energy there is also vacuum energy induced from spontaneous symmetry breaking. The requirement that the total vacuum energy to be scale independent dictates the Higgs mass to be [Formula: see text] where the summation is over fermions and Ni equals to 3 and 1 for quarks and leptons, respectively. The Higgs mass is predicted to be approximately 382 GeV.

STANDARD MODEL WITH COSMOLOGICALLY BROKEN QUANTUM SCALE INVARIANCE

Modern Physics Letters A ◽

10.1142/s0217732310032317 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (03) ◽

pp. 167-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

PANKAJ JAIN ◽

SUBHADIP MITRA

Keyword(s):

Perturbation Theory ◽

Standard Model ◽

Particle Physics ◽

Scale Invariance ◽

Hierarchy Problem ◽

Scale Invariant ◽

Scalar Particles ◽

Cosmological Observations ◽

The Standard Model ◽

Physical Spectrum

We consider a locally scale invariant extension of the Standard Model of particle physics and argue that it fits both the particle and cosmological observations. The model is scale invariant both classically and quantum mechanically. The scale invariance is broken (or hidden) by a mechanism which we refer to as cosmological symmetry breaking. This produces all the dimensionful parameters in the theory. The cosmological constant or dark energy is a prediction of the theory and can be calculated systematically order by order in perturbation theory. It is expected to be finite at all orders. The model does not suffer from the hierarchy problem due to the absence of scalar particles, including the Higgs, from the physical spectrum.

CPTM symmetry, closed time paths and cosmological constant problem in the formalism of extended manifold

The European Physical Journal C ◽

10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09045-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

Author(s):

S. Bondarenko

Keyword(s):

Cosmological Constant ◽

Classical Solution ◽

Vacuum Energy ◽

Condensed Matter ◽

Scalar Fields ◽

Einstein Equations ◽

Cosmological Constant Problem ◽

Classical Level ◽

Extended Space ◽

Charge Parity

AbstractThe problem of the cosmological constant is considered in the formalism of an extended space-time consisting of the extended classical solution of Einstein equations. The different regions of the extended manifold are proposed to be related by the charge, parity, time and mass (CPTM) reversal symmetry applied with respect to the metric fields of the manifolds. There are interactions between the points of the extended manifold provided by scalar fields present separately in the different patches of the extended solution. The value of the constant is obtained equal to zero at the classical level due the mutual contribution of the fields in the vacuum energy, it’s non-zero value is due the quantum interactions between the fields. There are few possible scenario for the actions of the fields are discussed. Each from the obtained variants is similar to the closed time path approach of non-equilibrium condensed matter physics and among these possibilities for the closed paths, there is a variant of the action equivalent to the formalism of Keldysh. Accordingly, we consider and shortly discuss the application of the proposed formalism to the problem of smallness of the cosmological constant and singularities problem.