scholarly journals Thermodynamic Geometry of Normal (Exotic) BTZ Black Hole Regarding to the Fluctuation of Cosmological Constant

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150023
Author(s):  
Hosein Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Maryam Rastkatr ◽  
Morteza Nattagh Najafi
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flat Space ◽  
Critical Surface ◽  
Btz Black Hole ◽  
Thermodynamic Geometry ◽  
Three Dimensional Space ◽  
Thermodynamic Curvature

We construct the thermodynamic geometry of ([Formula: see text])-dimensional normal (exotic) BTZ black hole regarding the fluctuation of cosmological constant. We argue that while the thermodynamic geometry of black hole without fluctuation of cosmological constant is a two dimensional flat space, the three-dimensional space of thermodynamics parameters including the cosmological constant as a fluctuating parameter is curved. Some consequences of the fluctuation of cosmological constant will be investigated. We show that such a fluctuation leads to a thermodynamic curvature which is singular at the critical surface. Also, we consider the validity of first thermodynamics law regarding the fluctuation of the cosmological constant.

scholarly journals Global Embeddings of BTZ and Schwarzschild-ADS Type Black Holes in a Flat Space

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Sheykin ◽  
Dmitry Solovyev ◽  
Sergey Paston
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Isometric Embedding ◽  
Flat Space ◽  
Ambient Space ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
Btz Black Hole ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Negative Cosmological Constant

We study the problem of construction of global isometric embedding for spherically symmetric black holes with negative cosmological constant in various dimensions. Firstly, we show that there is no such embedding for 4D RN-AdS black hole in 6D flat ambient space, completing the classification which we started earlier. Then we construct an explicit embedding of non-spinning BTZ black hole in 6D flat ambient space. Using this embedding as an anzats, we then construct a global explicit embedding of d-dimensional Schwarzschild-AdS black hole in a flat ( d + 3 ) -dimensional ambient space.

FUNDAMENTAL APPROACH TO THE COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT ISSUE

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (29) ◽  
pp. 4219-4228 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOSHE CARMELI
Keyword(s):  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

We use a Riemannian four-dimensional presentation for gravitation in which the coordinates are distances and velocity rather than the traditional space and time. We solve the field equations and show that there are three possibilities for the Universe to expand. The theory describes the Universe as having a three-phase evolution with a decelerating expansion, followed by a constant and an accelerating expansion, and it predicts that the Universe is now in the latter phase. It is shown, assuming Ωm = 0.245, that the time at which the Universe goes over from a decelerating to an accelerating expansion, occurs at 8.5 Gyr ago, at which time the cosmic radiation temperature was 146K. Recent observations show that the Universe's growth is accelerating. Our theory confirms these recent experimental results. The theory predicts also that now there is a positive pressure in the Universe. Although the theory has no cosmological constant, we extract from it its equivalence and show that Λ = 1.934 × 10-35 s-2. This value of Λ is in excellent agreement with measurements. It is also shown that the three-dimensional space of the Universe is Euclidean, as the Boomerang experiment shows.

scholarly journals New five-dimensional Bianchi type magnetically charged hairy topological black hole solutions in string theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Naderi ◽  
A. Rezaei-Aghdam
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Black Hole Solution ◽  
Bianchi Type ◽  
Magnetic Charge ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Asymptotically Flat ◽  
Black Hole Solutions ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

AbstractWe construct black hole solutions to the leading order of string effective action in five dimensions with the source given by dilaton and magnetically charged antisymmetric gauge B-field. Presence of the considered B-field leads to the unusual asymptotic behavior of the solutions which are neither asymptotically flat nor asymptotically (A)dS. We consider the three-dimensional space part to correspond to the Bianchi classes and so the horizons of these topological black hole solutions are modeled by seven homogeneous Thurston’s geometries of $$E^3$$E3, $$S^3$$S3, $$H^3$$H3, $$ H^2 \times E^1$$H2×E1, $$\widetilde{{SL_2R}}$$SL2R~, nilgeometry, and solvegeometry. Calculating the quasi-local mass, temperature, entropy, dilaton charge, and magnetic potential, we show that the first law of black hole thermodynamics is satisfied by these quantities and the dilaton charge is not independent of mass and magnetic charge. Furthermore, for Bianchi type V, the T-dual black hole solution is obtained which carries no charge associated with B-field and the entropy turns to be invariant under the T-duality.

scholarly journals ENERGY AND MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTIONS OF A (2+1)-DIMENSIONAL BLACK HOLE BACKGROUND

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (32) ◽  
pp. 5949-5963 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIAS C. VAGENAS
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Black Hole Background ◽  
Momentum Distributions ◽  
Dimensional Black Hole ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
Gravitational Background

Using Einstein, Landau–Lifshitz, Papapetrou and Weinberg energy–momentum complexes, we explicitly evaluate the energy and momentum distributions associated with a nonstatic and circularly symmetric three-dimensional space–time. The gravitational background under study is an exact solution of Einstein's equations in the presence of a cosmological constant and a null fluid. It can be regarded as the three-dimensional analogue of the Vaidya metric and represents a nonstatic spinless (2+1)-dimensional black hole with an outflux of null radiation. All four above-mentioned prescriptions give exactly the same energy and momentum distributions for the specific black hole background. Therefore, the results obtained here provide evidence in support of the claim that for a given gravitational background, different energy–momentum complexes can give identical results in three dimensions. Furthermore, in the limit of zero cosmological constant, the results presented here reproduce those obtained by Virbhadra. He utilized the Landau–Lifshitz energy–momentum complex for the same (2+1)-dimensional black hole background in the absence of a cosmological constant.

scholarly journals A scale dependent black hole in three-dimensional space–time

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (22) ◽  
pp. 225010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Koch ◽  
Ignacio A Reyes ◽  
Ángel Rincón
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Dimensional Space Time ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Extension of the Spatial PDI Model to Three Dimensions

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Frank O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Finite Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The author's population density index ( PDI) model is extended to three-dimensional distributions. A derived formula is presented that allows for the calculation of the lower and upper bounds of density in three-dimensional space for any finite lattice.

A Peptoid with Extended Shape in Water

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei Morimoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Fukuda ◽  
Takumu Watanabe ◽  
Daisuke Kuroda ◽  
Kouhei Tsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomolecular Recognition ◽  
Biological Application ◽  
New Class ◽  
Proteolytic Resistance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<div> <div> <div> <p>“Peptoids” was proposed, over decades ago, as a term describing analogs of peptides that exhibit better physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties than peptides. Oligo-(N-substituted glycines) (oligo-NSG) was previously proposed as a peptoid due to its high proteolytic resistance and membrane permeability. However, oligo-NSG is conformationally flexible and is difficult to achieve a defined shape in water. This conformational flexibility is severely limiting biological application of oligo-NSG. Here, we propose oligo-(N-substituted alanines) (oligo-NSA) as a new peptoid that forms a defined shape in water. A synthetic method established in this study enabled the first isolation and conformational study of optically pure oligo-NSA. Computational simulations, crystallographic studies and spectroscopic analysis demonstrated the well-defined extended shape of oligo-NSA realized by backbone steric effects. The new class of peptoid achieves the constrained conformation without any assistance of N-substituents and serves as an ideal scaffold for displaying functional groups in well-defined three-dimensional space, which leads to effective biomolecular recognition. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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