THINKING AND SLACKING OR DOING AND FEELING? GENDER AND THE INTERPLAY OF COGNITION AND AFFECT IN NEW VENTURE PLANNING

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 213-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRAIG E. ARMSTRONG
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Behavior Model ◽  
Business Planning ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunity ◽  
Sense Of Ownership ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities ◽  
New Business ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
The Relationship

Studies of the relationship between gender and entrepreneurship have shown that men are significantly more likely to start a new business than women. Because an individual's entrepreneurial intentions are shaped by the perceived feasibility and desirability of an entrepreneurial opportunity, these results have generally emphasized how men perceive themselves as more capable of pursuing entrepreneurial opportunities than women. In this study, men have a higher level of self-efficacy than do women regarding entrepreneurial abilities. At the same time, the higher levels of involvement in business planning processes caused women to have a higher sense of ownership in the plan than did men. This sense of ownership is positively and significantly related to the perceived likelihood of success of the new venture. The findings of this study suggest women adopt certain roles and affects in the development of entrepreneurial opportunities that provide alternative explanations to the beliefs-attitudes-intentions-behavior model of intentionality. The roles and affects women adopt during new venture planning may give them superior insights into the likelihood of success of the new venture.

Gender Differences in Entrepreneurial Attitude & Intentions among university Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Ilham Hassan Fathelrahman Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Venture Creation ◽  
New Business ◽  
Future Data ◽  
The University

This empirical study aims at assessing the attitudes, perception and intention of university students towards entrepreneurship and new venture creation with a focus on gender differences in entrepreneurial perceptions and intentions to start new business in the future. Data were collected using a questionnaire-based survey of 350 students at the University of Khartoum in Sudan. The target population was the students in the final year in the University of Khartoum. The stratified sampling technique was used to select the sample size because the population consisted of a number of subgroups that differed in their characteristics. The results showed significant differences between genders in entrepreneurial intentions and its antecedents. Thus, it is important that customized approaches based on gender are needed for developing entrepreneurial intentions among college students.

Corporate Governance Models as a Bridge for Linking Academic and Non-Academic Entrepreneurs

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Parente ◽  
Rosangela Feola ◽  
Michele Petrone
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunity ◽  
Sample Group ◽  
Academic Entrepreneurs ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Academic Inventors ◽  
Governance Models ◽  
The Relationship

This paper reports an investigation of governance issues in Italian academic spin-offs that arise from the need to balance the powers of two categories of partner: academic inventors and external investors (such as established companies and venture capital funds). The relationship between inventors and external investors, jointly pursuing a research-based entrepreneurial opportunity, provides an interesting case for the application of the agency theory construct to define adequate corporate governance procedures. The paper has two main objectives: to analyse the governance models adopted by academic spin-offs and to ascertain whether the very nature of entrepreneurial opportunity, and the associated uncertainties that a new venture faces, influence the choice of the governance model adopted. A sample group of 30 Italian academic spin-offs is analysed and three different governance models, inventor-led spin-offs, mixed-led spin-offs and investor-led spin-offs, are defined.

scholarly journals Impact of Self-Efficacy on Entrepreneurial Intention of Business Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
New Business ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Entrepreneurs play a vital role in the economic development and sustainability of any country. Entrepreneurship also helps in creating employment in the country and alleviating poverty. Developing an entrepreneurial ecosystem can ease the entrepreneurial culture in a country. This objective of the study highlighted the relationship of self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions of the entrepreneurs before launching any new business. These factors explained the hurdles faced by the entrepreneurs before starting any new business. For this purpose, a semi-structured questionnaire was utilized by the researcher as the research instrument. Primary data was collected from the students at different universities from different geographical locations and different academic backgrounds of Faisalabad. The purposive sampling technique used with sample size of 200 and different statistical tools would be applied to make an analysis. This study would be helpful to the practitioners, academia and entrepreneurs who are willing to enter the field of entrepreneurship. This study would highlight the entrepreneurial intentions of the students from entering the field of entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals Human Capital and Theory of Planned Behavior: Unraveling Entrepreneurial Intentions of IT Students in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Hina Munir ◽  
Cai Jianfeng ◽  
Wang Miao ◽  
Sidra Ramzan
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities ◽  
Tpb Model ◽  
Cognitive Decision ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Human capital variables (such as practical learning, education and experience) affect cognitive decision making abilities of individuals which permit them to identify entrepreneurial opportunities. Therefore, this study aims to establish an integrated model considering the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and human capital variables considering Pakistan as a sample, especially targeting IT major students. Data for the study were collected from 227 IT major students from seven universities from different provinces of Pakistan. Principal component analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis are used for data analysis. The findings of the study confirm the validity of TPB model in predicting entrepreneurial intentions among IT major students. This study further confirms the effect of human capital variables within TPB framework and demonstrates that prior entrepreneurial exposure (PEE) and prior familial exposure (PFE) have an impact on attitude towards entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the relationship of PEE and PFE in predicting entrepreneurial intentions was found insignificant and significant respectively. This is one of the first studies which explore entrepreneurial intentions among IT major students regarding a developing country. Furthermore, this study provides valuable insights to practitioners and educators in Pakistan for consideration of human capital variables’ influence on entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial intentions among IT major students. 

scholarly journals What entrepreneurs do? Entrepreneurial action guided by entrepreneurial opportunities and entrepreneurial learning in early internationalising firms

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1119
Author(s):  
Shingairai Grace Masango ◽  
Paul Lassalle
Keyword(s):  
International Marketing ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunity ◽  
Entrepreneurial Learning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities ◽  
Software Firms ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action

PurposeThere is a growing interest in exploring the interface between international marketing and entrepreneurial opportunities. This paper contributes by defining and elucidating entrepreneurial action in early internationalising software firms and the corresponding emergent international marketing activities. Entrepreneurial action in early internationalising software firms is explored through the operationalisation of a reconceptualised entrepreneurial opportunity construct and the associated entrepreneurial learning processes.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts an inductive approach, which traces the evolution of five early internationalising propriety software South African firms; from the new venture idea to the establishment of the international entrepreneurial opportunity.FindingsThe findings provide support for entrepreneurial action guided by: prior industry experience, entrepreneurial alertness, opportunity confidence and two levels of entrepreneurial learning; experiential and double-loop learning. Learning by doing allows for the continuous evaluation of the new venture idea leading to the international entrepreneurial opportunity. Market responsiveness and continuous product development resulting in the emergence of the firm's inward international marketing activities constitute the key outcomes of entrepreneurial action.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to a specific technology context, which is young software firms whose inward directed internationalisation activities coalesce around the development of their proprietary software technology.Originality/valueBased on an original dataset of early internationalising software firms from South Africa, this paper inductively operationalises and conceptualises entrepreneurial action as the combined interaction of four key constructs: contingent effects, attitudes to opportunities, learning by doing and entrepreneurial activities leading to the firm's inward international marketing activities and a diversified international client and end-user base.

scholarly journals The road to entrepreneurial success: business plans, lean startup, or both?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Welter ◽  
Alex Scrimpshire ◽  
Dawn Tolonen ◽  
Eseoghene Obrimah
Keyword(s):  
Objective Measure ◽  
Business Plan ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Business Planning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Plans ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lean Startup

PurposeThe goal of this research is to investigate the relationship between two different sets of practices, lean startup and business planning, and their relation to entrepreneurial performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected data from 120 entrepreneurs across the US about a variety of new venture formation activities within the categories of lean startup or business planning. They use hierarchical regression to examine the relationship between these activities and new venture performance using both a subjective and objective measure of performance.FindingsThe results show that talking to customers, collecting preorders and pivoting based on customer feedback are lean startup activities correlated with performance; writing a business plan is the sole business planning activity correlated with performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis research lays the foundation for understanding the components of both lean startup and business planning. Moreover, these results demonstrate that the separation of lean startup and business planning represents a false dichotomy.Practical implicationsThese findings suggest that entrepreneurs should engage in some lean startup activities and still write a business plan.Originality/valueThis article offers the first quantitative, empirical comparison of lean startup activities and business planning. Furthermore, it provides support for the relationship between specific lean startup activities and firm performance.

scholarly journals International Entrepreneurial Orientation and the Intention to Internationalize

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitja Ruzzier ◽  
Evan J. Douglas ◽  
Maja Konečnik Ruzzier ◽  
Jana Hojnik
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Work Effort ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Work Enjoyment ◽  
New Venture Internationalization ◽  
Sustainability Learning ◽  
The Relationship

This paper presents a conceptual model of international entrepreneurial intention (IEI) through the lens of planned behavior and expectancy-valence theories. Extending the entrepreneurial intentions literature, where attitude to sustainability has started to have an increasingly important influence, to post-launch decisions, we provide an improved theoretical rationale for new venture internationalization, clarify the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and IEI, and more closely align the international entrepreneurship literature with mainstream entrepreneurship literature. In this model, IEI is influenced by the entrepreneur’s attitudes to sustainability, learning, risk, work enjoyment, and work effort, moderated by entrepreneur’s perceived feasibility to act entrepreneurially, and determines the firm-level EO, which may culminate in the internationalization of a new or existing venture.

Antecedent factors of business planning in the new venture emergence in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Long ◽  
Lan Geng ◽  
Muhammad Shakeel
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business Planning ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Entrepreneurial Growth

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to build a research model from the perspectives of entrepreneur and entrepreneurial opportunity examining the effects of entrepreneurial growth aspiration and the innovativeness of entrepreneurial opportunity and their interactive effect on the business planning in the new venture emergence. Design/methodology/approach Six hypotheses are put forward and examined by hierarchical multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression. The data of this paper are based on the first two rounds of survey data from Chinese Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics. Findings The empirical results show that entrepreneurial growth aspiration has significant positive effects on the business planning, namely, compared to the comfortable size entrepreneurs, the growth-oriented entrepreneurs are more likely to do the business planning in the new venture emergence. Different from prior discoveries, the innovativeness of opportunity has no effect on the business planning, but it positively influences the time of doing business planning, and entrepreneurial growth aspiration has a positive moderate effect on this relationship. Research limitations/implications Entrepreneurial growth aspiration in this paper is divided into growth-oriented entrepreneur and comfortable size entrepreneur from the single perspective of scale. Future research should define growth aspiration as a continuous variable in light of several dimensionalities. Practical implications The findings are useful for entrepreneurs to make rational and effective decisions whether to do business planning and when to do on the basis of their growth aspiration and the innovativeness of opportunity. The growth-oriented entrepreneur should do the business planning in the new venture emergence. The higher innovative the opportunity is, the latter the entrepreneur had better do the business planning. Besides, it provides the theoretical foundation for entrepreneurship training courses about business planning offered by governments, educational institutions and social training institutions. Originality/value This paper absorbs growth aspiration into the analysis framework about business planning based on expectancy theory, making up for deficiencies that prior researches excessively focus on entrepreneurial experience and opportunity. Additionally, the study will inspire scholars to research the mechanism of action relative to business planning from the interactive relationship between entrepreneur and entrepreneurial opportunity.

BLESSING IN DISGUISE? COPING STRATEGIES AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS FOLLOWING INVOLUNTARY JOB LOSS

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL A. ABEBE ◽  
JENNIFER L. WELBOURNE
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Situational Factor ◽  
Involuntary Job Loss ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scholarly Attention

A growing body of research in entrepreneurship has explored the personality and social determinants of entrepreneurial intentions (EI). Most empirical work in this area has emphasized the “pull” approach to EI, which focuses on the pursuit of entrepreneurial opportunities. In contrast, the “push” approach to EI, which explains EI as a function of displacing events in one’s life, has received little scholarly attention. This study contributes to the “push” approach to EI by examining involuntary job loss as a specific situational factor that influences EI. This study investigates whether problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies predict EI among individuals who have experienced involuntary job loss. Furthermore, we test whether entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) mediates the relationship between coping and EI. Using a sample of 266 individuals who had experienced recent involuntary job loss, we found that the use of problem-focused coping strategies was positively associated with EI and that this relationship was mediated by ESE. On the other hand, the use of emotion-focused coping strategies to manage job loss was unrelated to EI. Overall, our findings highlight the role of problem-focused coping in effectively managing the impacts of involuntary job loss.

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