PUBLIC ATTITUDES AND PARTICIPATION IN WIND TURBINE DEVELOPMENT

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 69-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALASTOR M. COLEBY ◽  
DAVID R. MILLER ◽  
PETER A. ASPINALL
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Environmental Attitude ◽  
Site Planning

Research for this paper was undertaken into the relationship between public opinion on wind power and public participation in turbine site planning and design. The research focussed on the contribution of environmental attitude studies to participatory environmental impact assessment of renewable energy policy and land use. A questionnaire survey was undertaken at wind farm sites at three stages in the site planning process and at three public events where the application of wind power was a topic of discussion. The attitudinal data produced was subjected to a series of statistical tests to determine which of the attitudes revealed could be quantified significantly in terms of public opinion. The most significant responses related to the proximity of wind turbines to respondents' homes with the proposition that wind turbine designers should seek community input of the highest significance. Respondents also indicated a preference for traditional turbine structures that blended in with the landscape and remained out of sight. Respondents' personal perception of land use change regarding wind power near them was mostly significant relative to respondent age with younger respondents tending to be more accepting of wind turbine land use whilst older respondents objected. Living place was also found to be significant with urban respondents more accepting of wind power than rural ones. Fundamentally respondents although polarised for or against on certain issues, all shared a wish for more public input and participation in local land use for wind power.

ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC ACCEPTABILITY REGARDING WIND TURBINE CONSTRUCTION AS PERCEIVED BY ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONALS

2007 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALASTOR M. COLEBY ◽  
PETER A. ASPINALL ◽  
DAVID R. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Expert Choice ◽  
Public Acceptability ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Turbine Construction ◽  
Site Types

Research for this paper was undertaken with the aim of revealing perceptions of a select group of environmental assessment experts with experience in wind power regarding public opinion. The multi criteria decision making (MCDM) software was used to quantify the expert perceptions of what made a wind turbine site publicly acceptable. Seven environmental experts experienced in wind farm environmental assessment were interviewed using the 'Expert Choice' software. The software recorded and tested interviewee decisions regarding acceptable site types and the criteria that would make them acceptable in terms of public opinion. The need for this research was that historically many environmental expert reports used by wind power site developers that attempted to meet the various criteria for planning permission provided little or no information on public opinion regarding the proposed site that could later lead to it being opposed locally.

scholarly journals Assessment of Wind Characteristics and Wind Power Potential of Gharo, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Zahid Hussain Hulio
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Wind Characteristics

The objective of this research work is to assess the wind characteristics and wind power potential of Gharo site. The wind parameters of the site have been used to calculate the wind power density, annual energy yield, and capacity factors at 10, 30, and 50 m. The wind frequency distribution including seasonal as well as percentage of seasonal frequency distribution has been investigated to determine accurately the wind power of the site. The coefficient of variation is calculated at three different heights. Also, economic assessment per kWh of energy has been carried out. The site-specific annual mean wind speeds were 6.89, 5.85, and 3.85 m/s at 50, 30, and 10 m heights with corresponding standard deviations of 2.946, 2.489, and 2.040. The mean values of the Weibull k parameter are estimated as 2.946, 2.489, and 2.040 while those of scale parameter are estimated as 7.634, 6.465, and 4.180 m/s at 50, 30, and 10 m, respectively. The respective mean wind power and energy density values are found to be 118.3, 92.20, and 46.10 W/m2 and 1036.6, 807.90, and 402.60 kWh/m2. As per cost estimation of wind turbines, the wind turbine WT-C has the lowest cost of US$ Cents 0.0346/kWh and highest capacity factors of 0.3278 (32.78%). Wind turbine WT-C is recommended for this site for the wind farm deployment due to high energy generation and minimum price of energy. The results show the appropriateness of the methodology for assessing the wind speed and economic assessment at the lowest price of energy.

Optimal Operation Planning of Wind Farm Installed BESS Using Wind Power Forecast Data of Wind Turbine Generators Considering Forecast Error

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Ogimi ◽  
Shota Kamiyama ◽  
Michael Palmer ◽  
Atsushi Yona ◽  
Tomonobu Senju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Forecast Error ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Turbine Generators ◽  
Wind Turbine Generators ◽  
Wind Power Forecast ◽  
Forecast Data

Abstract In order to solve the problems of global warming and depletion of energy resource, renewable energy systems such as wind generation are getting attention. However, wind power fluctuates due to variation of wind speed, and it is difficult to perfectly forecast wind power. This paper describes a method to use power forecast data of wind turbine generators considering wind power forecast error for optimal operation. The purpose in this paper is to smooth the output power fluctuation of a wind farm and to obtain more beneficial electrical power for selling.

Dynamic Simulation of a Wind Farm With Variable Speed Wind Turbines

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Muljadi ◽  
C. P. Butterfield
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Power Capacity ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Impact

Wind power generation has increased very rapidly in the past few years. The total U.S. wind power capacity by the end of 2001 was 4,260 megawatts. As wind power capacity increases, it becomes increasingly important to study the impact of wind farm output on the surrounding power networks. In this paper, we attempt to simulate a wind farm by including the properties of the wind turbine, the wind speed time series, the characteristics of surrounding power network, and reactive power compensation. Mechanical stress and fatigue load of the wind turbine components are beyond the scope this paper. The paper emphasizes the impact of the wind farms on the electrical side of the power network. A typical wind farm with variable speed wind turbines connected to an existing power grid is investigated. Different control strategies for feeding wind energy into the power network are investigated, and the advantages and disadvantages are presented.

Grid Tripping and Re-connection: Full-scale Experimental Validation of a Dynamic Wind Turbine Model

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Raben ◽  
Martin Heyman Donovan ◽  
Erik Jørgensen ◽  
Jan Thisted ◽  
Vladislav Akhmatov
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Wind Turbine Generator ◽  
Shaft System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Turbine Model

An experiment with tripping and re-connecting a MW wind turbine generator was carried out at the Nøjsomheds Odde wind farm in Denmark. The experimental results are used primarily to validate the shaft system representation of a dynamic wind turbine model. The dynamic wind turbine model is applied in investigations of power system stability with relation to incorporation of large amounts of wind power into the Danish power grid. The simulations and the measurements are found to agree. The experiment was part of a large R&D program started in Denmark to investigate the impact of the increasing capacity of wind power fed into the Danish power grid.

scholarly journals Potencia aprovechable y variabilidad del viento caso típico distrito de Pimentel

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
José C. Pérez S. ◽  
José L. Arriola P. ◽  
Max L. Espinal M.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Weibull Distribution ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Time Of Operation ◽  
Selection Of

El presente artículo inicia dando a conocer las variables meteorológicas de un parque eólico. Posteriormente se analizan las ecuaciones que determinan la ley de Betz y la distribución Weibull esto con el fin de comprender la cantidad de energía y horas aprovechadas por un aerogenerador, se continúa con el factor de carga de un parque eólico. Finalmente se muestra la influencia de la rugosidad del terreno en la variación del viento y la selección de la zona de emplazamiento. Palabras clave.- Potencial eólico, Ley de Betz, Distribución de Weibull, factor de carga, rugosidad. ABSTRACT The present work begins by describing the meteorological variables of a wind farm. Subsequently, the equations defining Betz's law and the Weibull distribution are analyzed, in order to understand the amount of power and time of operation available from a wind turbine, as well as the load factor of a wind farm. Finally, the influence of surface roughness on wind variation and the selection of a proper location are discussed. Keywords.- wind power, Betz's law, Weibull distribution, load factor, surface roughness.

scholarly journals Wind Turbine Anomaly Identification Based on Improved Deep Belief Network with SCADA Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Xiafei Long ◽  
Shengqing Li ◽  
Xiwen Wu ◽  
Zhao Jin
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Whale Optimization

This article presents a novel fault diagnosis algorithm based on the whale optimization algorithm (WOA)-deep belief networks (DBN) for wind turbines (WTs) using the data collected from the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. Through the domain knowledge and Pearson correlation, the input parameters of the prediction models are selected. Three different types of prediction models, namely, the wind turbine, the wind power gearbox, and the wind power generator, are used to predict the health condition of the WT equipment. In this article, the prediction accuracy of the models built with these SCADA sample data is discussed. In order to implement fault monitoring and abnormal state determination of the wind power equipment, the exponential weighted moving average (EWMA) threshold is used to monitor the trend of reconstruction errors. The proposed method is used for 2 MW wind turbines with doubly fed induction generators in a real-world wind farm, and experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in the fault diagnosis of wind turbines.

scholarly journals Manufacturing and Recycling Impact on Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Innovative Wind Power Plant Part 2/2

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Patrycja Bałdowska-Witos ◽  
Krzysztof Doerffer ◽  
Michał Pysz ◽  
Piotr Doerffer ◽  
Andrzej Tomporowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
The Impact

The process of conversion of wind kinetic energy into electricity in innovative wind power plant emits practically no harmful substances into the environment. However, the production stage of its components requires a lot of energy and materials. The biggest problem during production planning process of an innovative wind power plant is selection of materials and technologies and, consequently, the waste generated at this stage. Therefore, the aim of this publication was to conduct an environmental analysis of the life cycle of elements of a wind turbine by means of life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The object of the research was a wind power plant divided into five sets of components (tower, turbine structure, rotors, generators, and instrumentation), made mainly of steel and small amounts of polymer materials. Eco-indicator 99 was used as an analytical procedure. The impact of the subjects of analysis on human health, ecosystem quality and resources was assessed. Among the analyzed components, the highest level of negative impact on the environment was characterized by the life cycle of the wind turbine tower. The application of recycling processes is reducing the negative impact on the environment in the perspective of the entire life cycle of all studied elements of the wind power plant construction.

scholarly journals Optimal Inertia Reserve and Inertia Control Strategy for Wind Farms

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Youming Cai ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Xu Cai
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Exit Point ◽  
Inertia Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inertia Response

It is important to reduce the impact of the high penetration of wind power into the electricity supply for the purposes of the security and stability of the power grid. As such, the inertia capability of wind farms has become an observation index. The existing control modes cannot guarantee the wind turbine to respond to the frequency variation of the grid, hence, it may lead to frequency instability as the penetration of wind power gets much higher. For the stability of the power grid, a simple and applicable method is to realize inertia response by controlling wind farms based on a high-speed communication network. Thus, with the consideration of the inertia released by a wind turbine at its different operating points, the inertia control mechanism of a doubly-fed wind turbine is analyzed firstly in this paper. The optimal exit point of inertia control is discussed. Then, an active power control strategy for wind farms is proposed to reserve the maximum inertia under a given power output constraint. Furthermore, turbines in a wind farm are grouped depending on their inertia capabilities, and a wind farm inertia control strategy for reasonable extraction of inertia is then presented. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation on the RT-LAB (11.3.3, OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES, Montreal, Quebec, Canada) platform with detailed models of the wind farm.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal distribution of nitrogen dioxide within and around a large-scale wind farm – a numerical case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 14239-14252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyue Mo ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
Yuan Zhao ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Edge Effect ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Roughness Length ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Surface Roughness Length

Abstract. As a renewable and clean energy source, wind power has become the most rapidly growing energy resource worldwide in the past decades. Wind power has been thought not to exert any negative impacts on the environment. However, since a wind farm can alter the local meteorological conditions and increase the surface roughness lengths, it may affect air pollutants passing through and over the wind farm after released from their sources and delivered to the wind farm. In the present study, we simulated the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) air concentration within and around the world's largest wind farm (Jiuquan wind farm in Gansu Province, China) using a coupled meteorology and atmospheric chemistry model WRF-Chem. The results revealed an edge effect, which featured higher NO2 levels at the immediate upwind and border region of the wind farm and lower NO2 concentration within the wind farm and the immediate downwind transition area of the wind farm. A surface roughness length scheme and a wind turbine drag force scheme were employed to parameterize the wind farm in this model investigation. Modeling results show that both parameterization schemes yield higher concentration in the immediate upstream of the wind farm and lower concentration within the wind farm compared to the case without the wind farm. We infer this edge effect and the spatial distribution of air pollutants to be the result of the internal boundary layer induced by the changes in wind speed and turbulence intensity driven by the rotation of the wind turbine rotor blades and the enhancement of surface roughness length over the wind farm. The step change in the roughness length from the smooth to rough surfaces (overshooting) in the upstream of the wind farm decelerates the atmospheric transport of air pollutants, leading to their accumulation. The rough to the smooth surface (undershooting) in the downstream of the wind farm accelerates the atmospheric transport of air pollutants, resulting in lower concentration level.

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