scholarly journals Spatiotemporal distribution of nitrogen dioxide within and around a large-scale wind farm – a numerical case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 14239-14252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyue Mo ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
Yuan Zhao ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Edge Effect ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Roughness Length ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Surface Roughness Length

Abstract. As a renewable and clean energy source, wind power has become the most rapidly growing energy resource worldwide in the past decades. Wind power has been thought not to exert any negative impacts on the environment. However, since a wind farm can alter the local meteorological conditions and increase the surface roughness lengths, it may affect air pollutants passing through and over the wind farm after released from their sources and delivered to the wind farm. In the present study, we simulated the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) air concentration within and around the world's largest wind farm (Jiuquan wind farm in Gansu Province, China) using a coupled meteorology and atmospheric chemistry model WRF-Chem. The results revealed an edge effect, which featured higher NO2 levels at the immediate upwind and border region of the wind farm and lower NO2 concentration within the wind farm and the immediate downwind transition area of the wind farm. A surface roughness length scheme and a wind turbine drag force scheme were employed to parameterize the wind farm in this model investigation. Modeling results show that both parameterization schemes yield higher concentration in the immediate upstream of the wind farm and lower concentration within the wind farm compared to the case without the wind farm. We infer this edge effect and the spatial distribution of air pollutants to be the result of the internal boundary layer induced by the changes in wind speed and turbulence intensity driven by the rotation of the wind turbine rotor blades and the enhancement of surface roughness length over the wind farm. The step change in the roughness length from the smooth to rough surfaces (overshooting) in the upstream of the wind farm decelerates the atmospheric transport of air pollutants, leading to their accumulation. The rough to the smooth surface (undershooting) in the downstream of the wind farm accelerates the atmospheric transport of air pollutants, resulting in lower concentration level.

scholarly journals Tempo-spatial distribution of nitrogen dioxide within and around a large-scale wind farm-a numerical case study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyue Mo ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
Yuan Zhao ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Roughness Length ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Surface Roughness Length

Abstract. As a renewable and clean energy, wind power has become the most rapidly growing energy resource worldwide in the past decades. Wind power has been thought not to exert any negative impacts on the environment. However, since a wind farm can alter the local meteorological conditions and increase the surface roughness lengths, it may affect air pollutants passing through and over the wind farm after released from their sources and delivered to the wind farm. In the present study, we simulated the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) air concentration within and around a world’s largest wind farm (Jiuquan wind farm in Gansu Province, China) using a coupled meteorology and atmospheric chemistry model WRF-Chem. The results revealed an "edge effect", which was featured by higher NO2 levels at the immediate upwind and border region of the wind farm and lower NO2 concentration within the wind farm and the immediate downwind transition area of the wind farm. A surface roughness length scheme and a wind turbine drag force scheme were employed to parameterize the wind farm in this model investigation. Modeling results show that the both parameterization schemes yield higher concentration up to 34 % in the immediate upstream of the wind farm and lower concentration within the wind farm compared to the case without the wind farm. We infer this edge effect and the spatial distribution of air pollutants to be a result of the internal boundary layer induced by the changes in wind speed and turbulence intensity driven by the rotation of the wind turbine rotor blades and the enhancement of surface roughness length over the wind farm. The step change in the roughness length from the smooth to rough surfaces (overshooting) in the upstream of the wind farm decelerates the atmospheric transport of air pollutants, leading to their accumulation. The rough to the smooth surface (undershooting) in the downstream of the wind farm accelerates the atmospheric transport of air pollutants, resulting in lower concentration level.

scholarly journals Potencia aprovechable y variabilidad del viento caso típico distrito de Pimentel

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
José C. Pérez S. ◽  
José L. Arriola P. ◽  
Max L. Espinal M.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Weibull Distribution ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Time Of Operation ◽  
Selection Of

El presente artículo inicia dando a conocer las variables meteorológicas de un parque eólico. Posteriormente se analizan las ecuaciones que determinan la ley de Betz y la distribución Weibull esto con el fin de comprender la cantidad de energía y horas aprovechadas por un aerogenerador, se continúa con el factor de carga de un parque eólico. Finalmente se muestra la influencia de la rugosidad del terreno en la variación del viento y la selección de la zona de emplazamiento. Palabras clave.- Potencial eólico, Ley de Betz, Distribución de Weibull, factor de carga, rugosidad. ABSTRACT The present work begins by describing the meteorological variables of a wind farm. Subsequently, the equations defining Betz's law and the Weibull distribution are analyzed, in order to understand the amount of power and time of operation available from a wind turbine, as well as the load factor of a wind farm. Finally, the influence of surface roughness on wind variation and the selection of a proper location are discussed. Keywords.- wind power, Betz's law, Weibull distribution, load factor, surface roughness.

scholarly journals Environmental Effect on Wind Farm Efficiency and Power Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 137-152
Author(s):  
Bennett Haskew ◽  
Liam Minogue ◽  
Reece Woodley ◽  
Adithep Phaktham ◽  
Shashikala Randunu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Roughness Length ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Surface Roughness Length ◽  
Farm Efficiency ◽  
Thermodynamic Factors

A meta-study is conducted investigating the effect of wind farm and turbine sites on the thermodynamic factors that affect energy production. Site deviations in surface roughness length, diurnal temperature changes of turbine and generation density and thermally stratified wind distributions are the parameters considered. The environment should be a significant factor in the placement of new wind farm sites. Further it is shown that with increasing wind velocity distributions negatively impacts efficiency of the turbine system and power output is decreased.

scholarly journals Assessment of Wind Characteristics and Wind Power Potential of Gharo, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Zahid Hussain Hulio
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Wind Characteristics

The objective of this research work is to assess the wind characteristics and wind power potential of Gharo site. The wind parameters of the site have been used to calculate the wind power density, annual energy yield, and capacity factors at 10, 30, and 50 m. The wind frequency distribution including seasonal as well as percentage of seasonal frequency distribution has been investigated to determine accurately the wind power of the site. The coefficient of variation is calculated at three different heights. Also, economic assessment per kWh of energy has been carried out. The site-specific annual mean wind speeds were 6.89, 5.85, and 3.85 m/s at 50, 30, and 10 m heights with corresponding standard deviations of 2.946, 2.489, and 2.040. The mean values of the Weibull k parameter are estimated as 2.946, 2.489, and 2.040 while those of scale parameter are estimated as 7.634, 6.465, and 4.180 m/s at 50, 30, and 10 m, respectively. The respective mean wind power and energy density values are found to be 118.3, 92.20, and 46.10 W/m2 and 1036.6, 807.90, and 402.60 kWh/m2. As per cost estimation of wind turbines, the wind turbine WT-C has the lowest cost of US$ Cents 0.0346/kWh and highest capacity factors of 0.3278 (32.78%). Wind turbine WT-C is recommended for this site for the wind farm deployment due to high energy generation and minimum price of energy. The results show the appropriateness of the methodology for assessing the wind speed and economic assessment at the lowest price of energy.

Optimal Operation Planning of Wind Farm Installed BESS Using Wind Power Forecast Data of Wind Turbine Generators Considering Forecast Error

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Ogimi ◽  
Shota Kamiyama ◽  
Michael Palmer ◽  
Atsushi Yona ◽  
Tomonobu Senju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Forecast Error ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Turbine Generators ◽  
Wind Turbine Generators ◽  
Wind Power Forecast ◽  
Forecast Data

Abstract In order to solve the problems of global warming and depletion of energy resource, renewable energy systems such as wind generation are getting attention. However, wind power fluctuates due to variation of wind speed, and it is difficult to perfectly forecast wind power. This paper describes a method to use power forecast data of wind turbine generators considering wind power forecast error for optimal operation. The purpose in this paper is to smooth the output power fluctuation of a wind farm and to obtain more beneficial electrical power for selling.

The Role of Sublimation on the Surface Mass Balance of the Interior Greenland Ice Sheet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Dietrich ◽  
Hans Christian Steen-Larsen ◽  
Cécile Agosta ◽  
Xavier Fettweis ◽  
Anne-Katrine Faber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Roughness Length ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Surface Mass Balance ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Surface Roughness Length ◽  
Surface Snow ◽  
Precipitation Events

<p>Precipitation along with sublimation and deposition are the main contributors to the surface mass balance (SMB) in the accumulation area of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). However, precipitation events are rare and intermittent. In between precipitation events the surface snow continuously undergoes sublimation and deposition. Recent studies imply that these surface exchange processes influence the isotopic composition of the surface snow which is later archived as a climate record in ice cores. In order to understand the possible implications on the recorded climate signal, sublimation needs to be quantified on a local scale.</p><p>Here we present simulated SMB components for eight ice core drilling sites on the GrIS using the regional climate model MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional). We validated MAR against in-situ flux observations at the East Greenland Ice Core Project site and found a high sensitivity of sublimation to the downward long wave flux and to the parameterization of the surface roughness length. We propose a surface roughness length optimized for the interior of the GrIS which is supported by our observations.</p><p>Our results show that in the GrIS accumulation area the mass turnover via sublimation and deposition can reach the same order of magnitude as precipitation. This highlights the importance of a better understanding of how the climate signal is imprinted in the surface snow isotopic composition.</p>

Dynamic Simulation of a Wind Farm With Variable Speed Wind Turbines

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Muljadi ◽  
C. P. Butterfield
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Power Capacity ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Impact

Wind power generation has increased very rapidly in the past few years. The total U.S. wind power capacity by the end of 2001 was 4,260 megawatts. As wind power capacity increases, it becomes increasingly important to study the impact of wind farm output on the surrounding power networks. In this paper, we attempt to simulate a wind farm by including the properties of the wind turbine, the wind speed time series, the characteristics of surrounding power network, and reactive power compensation. Mechanical stress and fatigue load of the wind turbine components are beyond the scope this paper. The paper emphasizes the impact of the wind farms on the electrical side of the power network. A typical wind farm with variable speed wind turbines connected to an existing power grid is investigated. Different control strategies for feeding wind energy into the power network are investigated, and the advantages and disadvantages are presented.

Surface roughness length dynamic over several different surfaces and its effects on modeling fluxes

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (S2) ◽  
pp. 262-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlian Zhou ◽  
Xiaomin Sun ◽  
Zhilin Zhu ◽  
Renhua Zhang ◽  
Jing Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Roughness Length ◽  
Surface Roughness Length

PUBLIC ATTITUDES AND PARTICIPATION IN WIND TURBINE DEVELOPMENT

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 69-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALASTOR M. COLEBY ◽  
DAVID R. MILLER ◽  
PETER A. ASPINALL
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Environmental Attitude ◽  
Site Planning

Research for this paper was undertaken into the relationship between public opinion on wind power and public participation in turbine site planning and design. The research focussed on the contribution of environmental attitude studies to participatory environmental impact assessment of renewable energy policy and land use. A questionnaire survey was undertaken at wind farm sites at three stages in the site planning process and at three public events where the application of wind power was a topic of discussion. The attitudinal data produced was subjected to a series of statistical tests to determine which of the attitudes revealed could be quantified significantly in terms of public opinion. The most significant responses related to the proximity of wind turbines to respondents' homes with the proposition that wind turbine designers should seek community input of the highest significance. Respondents also indicated a preference for traditional turbine structures that blended in with the landscape and remained out of sight. Respondents' personal perception of land use change regarding wind power near them was mostly significant relative to respondent age with younger respondents tending to be more accepting of wind turbine land use whilst older respondents objected. Living place was also found to be significant with urban respondents more accepting of wind power than rural ones. Fundamentally respondents although polarised for or against on certain issues, all shared a wish for more public input and participation in local land use for wind power.

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