PREDICTION OF ELBOW TRAJECTORY FROM SHOULDER ANGLES USING NEURAL NETWORKS

2008 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 333-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAHUL R. KALIKI ◽  
RAHMAN DAVOODI ◽  
GERALD E. LOEB
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Voluntary Movements ◽  
Multi Layer Perceptron ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Reach And Grasp ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Shoulder Motion ◽  
Command Signals ◽  
High Level

Patients with transhumeral amputations and C5/C6 quadriplegia may be able to use voluntary shoulder motion as command signals for powered prostheses and functional electrical stimulation, respectively. Spatiotemporal synergies exist between the shoulder and elbow joints for goal-oriented reaching movements as performed by able-bodied subjects. We are using a multi-layer perceptron neural network to discover and embody these synergies. Such a network could be used as a high-level controller that could predict the desired distal arm joint kinematics from the voluntary movements of the shoulder joint of an able-bodied subject. We evaluated this for a task that involved reaching to 16 targets in a horizontal plane. After reaching reasonable offline prediction accuracy for our neural networks, we then deployed the best network to make real-time predictions of the elbow angles and examined its performance on both inter- and intra-subject trials. Finally, we extended the model to utilize the five degrees-of-freedom at the shoulder to control the five degrees-of-freedom required for a prosthetic arm and hand to reach and grasp variously oriented objects in the extrapersonal workspace. Such a system, although very simple, was readily controllable for a reach and grasp task presented to the subject in a virtual reality environment.

scholarly journals Shoulder kinematics plus contextual target information enable control of multiple distal joints of a simulated prosthetic arm and hand

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Mick ◽  
Effie Segas ◽  
Lucas Dure ◽  
Christophe Halgand ◽  
Jenny Benois-Pineau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Joint Coordination ◽  
Virtual Scene ◽  
Motor Synergies ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Command Signals ◽  
High Level ◽  
Shoulder Kinematics

Abstract Background Prosthetic restoration of reach and grasp function after a trans-humeral amputation requires control of multiple distal degrees of freedom in elbow, wrist and fingers. However, such a high level of amputation reduces the amount of available myoelectric and kinematic information from the residual limb. Methods To overcome these limits, we added contextual information about the target’s location and orientation such as can now be extracted from gaze tracking by computer vision tools. For the task of picking and placing a bottle in various positions and orientations in a 3D virtual scene, we trained artificial neural networks to predict postures of an intact subject’s elbow, forearm and wrist (4 degrees of freedom) either solely from shoulder kinematics or with additional knowledge of the movement goal. Subjects then performed the same tasks in the virtual scene with distal joints predicted from the context-aware network. Results Average movement times of 1.22s were only slightly longer than the naturally controlled movements (0.82 s). When using a kinematic-only network, movement times were much longer (2.31s) and compensatory movements from trunk and shoulder were much larger. Integrating contextual information also gave rise to motor synergies closer to natural joint coordination. Conclusions Although notable challenges remain before applying the proposed control scheme to a real-world prosthesis, our study shows that adding contextual information to command signals greatly improves prediction of distal joint angles for prosthetic control.

Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Mast ◽  
Charles M. Oman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.

PELAKSANAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PPKn SISWA SMP NEGERI 3 TELUK KUANTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Maria Yulianti
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Initial Data ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level

The background of this study was the low student learning outcomes of PPKn, from 28 students who achievedthe completeness criteria at least only 11 students (39.29%). The low student learning outcomes are caused bythe high level of individuality between students so that the achievement of competence among studentsexperiences a very distant difference. Based on this, the researchers made improvements to student learningoutcomes through the application of STAD cooperative learning models. This research is a classroom actionresearch, with the subject of class VII of SMP Negeri 3 Teluk Kuantan. The data used in this study is PPKnlearning outcomes data. The results stated that after applying the STAD type cooperative learning model studentlearning outcomes had increased in the initial data the number of students who completed were 11 students, incycle I had an increase with the number of 18 students, and in cycle II the number of students who completedcontinued to increase by the number 22 student.

Excitonic Coupled-cluster Theory: Part I, General Formalism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhong Liu ◽  
Anthony Dutoi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Correlation ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Coupled Cluster ◽  
Effective Hamiltonian ◽  
Coupled Cluster Theory ◽  
Cluster Theory ◽  
Companion Article ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fragment Interaction

<div> <div>A shortcoming of presently available fragment-based methods is that electron correlation (if included) is described at the level of individual electrons, resulting in many redundant evaluations of the electronic relaxations associated with any given fluctuation. A generalized variant of coupled-cluster (CC) theory is described, wherein the degrees of freedom are fluctuations of fragments between internally correlated states. The effects of intra-fragment correlation on the inter-fragment interaction is pre-computed and permanently folded into the effective Hamiltonian. This article provides a high-level description of the CC variant, establishing some useful notation, and it demonstrates the advantage of the proposed paradigm numerically on model systems. A companion article shows that the electronic Hamiltonian of real systems may always be cast in the form demanded. This framework opens a promising path to build finely tunable systematically improvable methods to capture precise properties of systems interacting with a large number of other systems. </div> </div>

Excitonic Coupled-cluster Theory: Part I, General Formalism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhong Liu ◽  
Anthony Dutoi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Correlation ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Coupled Cluster ◽  
Effective Hamiltonian ◽  
Coupled Cluster Theory ◽  
Cluster Theory ◽  
Companion Article ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fragment Interaction

<div> <div>A shortcoming of presently available fragment-based methods is that electron correlation (if included) is described at the level of individual electrons, resulting in many redundant evaluations of the electronic relaxations associated with any given fluctuation. A generalized variant of coupled-cluster (CC) theory is described, wherein the degrees of freedom are fluctuations of fragments between internally correlated states. The effects of intra-fragment correlation on the inter-fragment interaction is pre-computed and permanently folded into the effective Hamiltonian. This article provides a high-level description of the CC variant, establishing some useful notation, and it demonstrates the advantage of the proposed paradigm numerically on model systems. A companion article shows that the electronic Hamiltonian of real systems may always be cast in the form demanded. This framework opens a promising path to build finely tunable systematically improvable methods to capture precise properties of systems interacting with a large number of other systems. </div> </div>

التغير المناخي واثره في المقنن المائي لمحصول العنب في محافظة ديالى

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (34) ◽  
pp. 391-422
Author(s):  
اشواق حسن حميد صالح
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Solar Brightness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Climate Station ◽  
The Times ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Climate change and its impact on water resources is the problem of the times. Therefore, this study is concerned with the subject of climate change and its impact on the water ration of the grape harvest in Diyala Governorate. The study was based on the data of the Khanaqin climate station for the period 1973-2017, (1986-2017) due to lack of data at governorate level. The general trend of the elements of the climate and its effect on the water formula was extracted. The equation of change was extracted for the duration of the study. The statistical analysis was also used between the elements of the climate (actual brightness, normal temperature, micro and maximum degrees Celsius, wind speed m / s, relative humidity% The results of the statistical analysis confirm that the water ration for the study area is based mainly on the X7 evaporation / netting variable, which is affected by a set of independent variables X1 Solar Brightness X4 X5 Extreme Temperature Wind Speed ​​3X Minimal Temperature and Very High Level .

Determinants of Abuse of the Bodies of the Dead

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Margarita Khomyakova
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Dead ◽  
High Level

The author analyzes definitions of the concepts of determinants of crime given by various scientists and offers her definition. In this study, determinants of crime are understood as a set of its causes, the circumstances that contribute committing them, as well as the dynamics of crime. It is noted that the Russian legislator in Article 244 of the Criminal Code defines the object of this criminal assault as public morality. Despite the use of evaluative concepts both in the disposition of this norm and in determining the specific object of a given crime, the position of criminologists is unequivocal: crimes of this kind are immoral and are in irreconcilable conflict with generally accepted moral and legal norms. In the paper, some views are considered with regard to making value judgments which could hardly apply to legal norms. According to the author, the reasons for abuse of the bodies of the dead include economic problems of the subject of a crime, a low level of culture and legal awareness; this list is not exhaustive. The main circumstances that contribute committing abuse of the bodies of the dead and their burial places are the following: low income and unemployment, low level of criminological prevention, poor maintenance and protection of medical institutions and cemeteries due to underperformance of state and municipal bodies. The list of circumstances is also open-ended. Due to some factors, including a high level of latency, it is not possible to reflect the dynamics of such crimes objectively. At the same time, identification of the determinants of abuse of the bodies of the dead will reduce the number of such crimes.

TRANSITION TO CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN RADAR PROBLEMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
K. Maystrenko ◽  
A. Budilov ◽  
D. Afanasev
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Target Detection ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Hardware Costs

Goal. Identify trends and prospects for the development of radar in terms of the use of convolutional neural networks for target detection. Materials and methods. Analysis of relevant printed materials related to the subject areas of radar and convolutional neural networks. Results. The transition to convolutional neural networks in the field of radar is considered. A review of papers on the use of convolutional neural networks in pattern recognition problems, in particular, in the radar problem, is carried out. Hardware costs for the implementation of convolutional neural networks are analyzed. Conclusion. The conclusion is made about the need to create a methodology for selecting a network topology depending on the parameters of the radar task.

Philosophical and Cultural Aspects of Medical Profession: Philosophical and Conceptual Peculiarities

Cultura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Iryna MELNYCHUK ◽  
Nadiya FEDCHYSHYN ◽  
Oleg PYLYPYSHYN ◽  
Anatolii VYKHRUSHCH
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Cultural Proximity ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ecological Culture ◽  
High Level

The article analyzes the philosophical and cultural view of “doctor’s professional culture” as a result of centuries-old practice of human relations, which is characterized by constancy and passed from generation to generation. Medicine is a complex system in which an important role is played by: philosophical outlook of a doctor, philosophical culture, ecological culture, moral culture, aesthetic culture, artistic culture. We have found that within the system “doctor-patient” the degree of cultural proximity becomes a factor that influences the health or life of a patient. Thus, the following factors are important here: 1) communication that suppresses a sick person; 2) the balance of cultural and intellectual levels; 3) the cultural environment of a patient which has much more powerful impact on a patient than the medical one.At the present stage, the interdependence of professional and humanitarian training of future specialists is predominant, as a highly skilled specialist can not but become a subject of philosophizing. We outlined the sphere where the doctors present a genre variety of philosophizing (philosophical novels, apologies, dialogues, diaries, aphorisms, confessions, essays, etc.). This tradition represents the original variations in the formation of future doctor’s communicative competences, which are formed in the process of medical students’ professional training.A survey conducted among medical students made it possible to establish their professional values, which are indicators of the formation of philosophical and culturological competence. It was found out that 92% of respondents believed that a doctor should demonstrate a high level of health culture (avoid drinking and smoking habits, etc.)99% of respondents favoured a high level of personal qualities of a doctor which would allow methods and forms of medical practice to assert higher human ideals of truth, goodness and beauty that are the subject area of cultural studies and philosophy.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Swedish Sign Language Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Transfer Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustaf Halvardsson ◽  
Johanna Peterson ◽  
César Soto-Valero ◽  
Benoit Baudry
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe automatic interpretation of sign languages is a challenging task, as it requires the usage of high-level vision and high-level motion processing systems for providing accurate image perception. In this paper, we use Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and transfer learning to make computers able to interpret signs of the Swedish Sign Language (SSL) hand alphabet. Our model consists of the implementation of a pre-trained InceptionV3 network, and the usage of the mini-batch gradient descent optimization algorithm. We rely on transfer learning during the pre-training of the model and its data. The final accuracy of the model, based on 8 study subjects and 9400 images, is 85%. Our results indicate that the usage of CNNs is a promising approach to interpret sign languages, and transfer learning can be used to achieve high testing accuracy despite using a small training dataset. Furthermore, we describe the implementation details of our model to interpret signs as a user-friendly web application.

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