Investigation on Thrust and Torque Generation During Drilling of Hybrid Laminates Composite with Different Stacking Sequences Using Multiobjective Optimization Module

This paper highlights the reinforcement of two different fibers in the manufacturing of hybrid laminate composites. The feasibility of glass and carbon fiber-based hybrid composites is proposed for various high performances due to their versatile mechanical properties. However, anisotropic and non-homogeneity nature creates several machining challenges for manufacturers. It can be regulated through the selection of proper cutting conditions during the machining test. The effect of process constraints like spindle speed (rpm), feed rate (mm/min), and stacking sequences ([Formula: see text] was evaluated for the optimum value of thrust force and Torque during the drilling test. The cost-effective method of hand layup has been used to fabricate the composites. Four different hybrid composites were developed using different layers of carbon fiber and glass fiber layers. The outcomes of variables on machining performances were analyzed by variation of feed rate and speed to acquire the precise holes in the different configurations. The application potential of the proposed composites is evaluated through the machining (drilling) efficiency. The optimal condition for the drilling procedure was investigated using the multiobjective optimization-Grey relation analysis (MOO-GRA) approach. The findings of the confirmatory test show the feasibility of the MOO-GRA module in a machining environment for online and offline quality control.

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Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of CNF-CFRP Hybrid Composite

Multifunctional Nanocomposites ◽

10.1115/mn2006-17033 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Masahiro Arai ◽

Koh-Ichi Sugimoto ◽

Morinobu Endo

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Beam Theory ◽

Mode Ii ◽

Interlaminar Fracture Toughness ◽

Interlaminar Fracture ◽

Cfrp Laminates ◽

Nano Fiber ◽

Hybrid Laminates

Interlaminar fracture toughness for mode II deformation were investigated for carbon fiber (CF)/epoxy laminates toughened by carbon-nano-fiber/epoxy interlayer. Vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) and vapor grown carbon ‘nano’ fiber (VGNF) were chosen as the stiffeners for the interlayer. In order to illustrate the effect of the interlayer on the model II fracture toughness of the laminates, several types of CFRP/CNF hybrid laminates were fabricated, which are composed of unidirectional prepregs and carbon nano fiber varying the thickness of the interlayer. Mode II interlaminar fracture toughnesses of the hybrid composites were evaluated by end notched flexure (ENF) test using short-type beam specimens. The fracture toughnesses were calculated by traditional beam theory using the energy release rate of the crack. From the experimental results, it is confirmed that the mode II interlaminar fracture toughnesses for hybrid laminates are from 2.0 to 3.0 times higher than that of original CFRP laminates, and the optimal thickness (area density) of the CNF interlayer exists. The difference in the effect of the interlayer fracture properties under mode II deformation was discussed on the bases of fractographic observations derived from scanning electric microscope.

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Tensile behavior of hybrid epoxy composite laminate containing carbon and basalt fibers

Science and Engineering of Composite Materials ◽

10.1515/secm-2013-0003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 211-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

I.D.G. Ary Subagia ◽

Yonjig Kim

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Low Cost ◽

Basalt Fiber ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Basalt Fibers ◽

Hybrid Laminates ◽

Carbon Fiber Reinforced ◽

Strength And Stiffness

AbstractThis paper investigated the effect of the incorporation of basalt fibers on the tensile properties of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy laminates manufactured by vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. The purpose of this research was to design a carbon-basalt/epoxy hybrid composite material that is of low cost in production, is lightweight, and has good strength and stiffness. The tensile strength and stiffness of the hybrid laminates demonstrated a steady, linear decrease with an increase in basalt fiber content, but the fracture strain gradually increased together with the increase in the basalt layer content. In this study, the incorporation of basalt fibers into the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) showed lower tensile strength than CFRP but has higher tensile strain. Furthermore, we found that the arrangement and enhancement of basalt fiber into the CFRP significantly influence the mechanical properties of interply hybrid composites.

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Effects of high pressure on the crystallization of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) laminate composites

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100177519 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 876-877

Author(s):

Hong-Ming Lin ◽

C. H. Liu ◽

R. F. Lee

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

Sample Surface ◽

High Yield ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Laminate Composites ◽

Peek Composite ◽

Continuous Carbon Fiber ◽

Carbon Fiber Reinforced

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a crystallizable thermoplastic used as composite matrix materials in application which requires high yield stress, high toughness, long term high temperature service, and resistance to solvent and radiation. There have been several reports on the crystallization behavior of neat PEEK and of CF/PEEK composite. Other reports discussed the effects of crystallization on the mechanical properties of PEEK and CF/PEEK composites. However, these reports were all concerned with the crystallization or melting processes at or close to atmospheric pressure. Thus, the effects of high pressure on the crystallization of CF/PEEK will be examined in this study.The continuous carbon fiber reinforced PEEK (CF/PEEK) laminate composite with 68 wt.% of fibers was obtained from Imperial Chemical Industry (ICI). For the high pressure experiments, HIP was used to keep these samples under 1000, 1500 or 2000 atm. Then the samples were slowly cooled from 420 °C to 60 °C in the cooling rate about 1 - 2 degree per minute to induce high pressure crystallization. After the high pressure treatment, the samples were scanned in regular DSC to study the crystallinity and the melting temperature. Following the regular polishing, etching, and gold coating of the sample surface, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to image the microstructure of the crystals. Also the samples about 25mmx5mmx3mm were prepared for the 3-point bending tests.

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Multiobjective optimization on adhesive bonding of aluminum‐carbon fiber laminate

Computational Intelligence ◽

10.1111/coin.12432 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 621-634

Author(s):

Eduardo Valdés ◽

J. D Mosquera‐Artamonov ◽

Celso Cruz‐Gonzalez ◽

Jose Jaime Taha‐Tijerina

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fiber ◽

Multiobjective Optimization ◽

Adhesive Bonding ◽

Carbon Fiber Laminate

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Observing progressive damage in carbon fiber epoxy laminate composites via 3D in-situ X-ray tomography

Engineering Fracture Mechanics ◽

10.1016/j.engfracmech.2021.107626 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107626

Author(s):

Alejandra M. Ortiz-Morales ◽

Imad Hanhan ◽

Jose Javier Solano ◽

Michael D. Sangid

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fiber ◽

Progressive Damage ◽

Laminate Composites ◽

X Ray ◽

Carbon Fiber Epoxy

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A micromechanical model of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic and steel hybrid laminate composites

Journal of Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/00219983211007541 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002199832110075

Author(s):

Minchang Sung ◽

Hyunchul Ahn ◽

Jinhyeok Jang ◽

Dongil Kwon ◽

Woong-Ryeol Yu

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fiber ◽

Compressive Stress ◽

Fracture Strain ◽

Matrix Material ◽

Micromechanical Model ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Laminate Composites ◽

Reinforced Plastics ◽

Carbon Fiber Reinforced ◽

Hybrid Laminate

The fracture strain of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) within CFRP/steel hybrid laminate composites is reportedly higher than that of CFRPs due to transverse compressive stress induced by the steel lamina. A micromechanical model was developed to explain this phenomenon and also to predict the mechanical behavior of CFRP/steel hybrid laminate composites. First, the shear lag theory was extended to calculate stress distributions on fibers and matrix material in a CFRP under multiaxial stress condition, considering three deformation states of matrix (elastic and plastic deformation and fracture) and the transverse compressive stress. Then, the deformation behavior of CFRP was predicted using average stress in the ineffective region and the Weibull distribution of carbon fibers. Finally, the mechanical properties of CFRP/steel hybrid laminate composites were predicted by considering the thermal residual stress generated during the manufacturing process. The micromechanical model revealed that increased transverse compressive stress decreases the ineffective lengths of partially broken fibers in the CFRP and results in increased fracture strain of the CFRP, demonstrating the validity of the current micromechanical model.

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BRIDGING OF CARBON FIBERS IN CF/EPOXY COMPOSITES USING ELECTROSTATICALLY INDUCED CNT ALIGNMENT

10.12783/asc36/35765 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

DANDAN ZHANG ◽

XINGKANG SHE ◽

YIPENG HE ◽

WESLEY A. CHAPKIN, ◽

VI T. BREGMAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fiber ◽

Electric Field ◽

Carbon Fibers ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Polymer Mixture ◽

Ac Electric Field ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Electric Field Direction

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are lightweight materials with superior strength but are expensive due to the increased cost of carbon fibers (CFs). The addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to polymer nanocomposites are becoming an excellent alternative to CF due to their unique combination of electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. With the application of an electric field across the CNT/polymer mixture before curing, CNTs will not only be aligned along the electric field direction, but also form networks after reaching to a certain degree of alignment. In this study, an alternating current (AC) electric field was applied continuously to CNT/CF/Epoxy hybrid composites before curing. By cutting off the applied voltage when the monitored electric current increased, the degree of networking of CNTs between two CF tows was controlled. The relative electric field strength around the end of conductive carbon fiber tows in the epoxy matrix was modeled using COMSOL Multiphysics. It increased after applying AC electric field parallel to the CF tows, thereby increasing the alignment degree of CNTs and building a network to bridge the CF tows. The preliminary results indicate that the microhardness and tensile modulus between two CF tows are increased due to the networking of CNTs in this area. The fracture surface of the specimens after tensile tests were characterized to reveal more details of the microstructure.

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