scholarly journals (BESSEL-)WEIGHTED ASYMMETRIES

2011 ◽  
Vol 04 ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
B. U. MUSCH ◽  
A. PROKUDIN
Keyword(s):  
Bessel Functions ◽  
Pion Mass ◽  
Natural Generalization ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
High Momentum ◽  
Parton Distribution Functions ◽  
Transverse Momentum Dependent ◽  
Soft Factor ◽  
Fragmentation Functions ◽  
Soft Factors

Semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering experiments allow us to probe the motion of quarks inside the proton in terms of so-called transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMD PDFs), but the information is convoluted with fragmentation functions (TMD FFs) and soft factors. It has long been known that weighting the measured event counts with powers of the hadron momentum before forming angular asymmetries de-convolutes TMD PDFs and TMD FFs in an elegant way, but this also entails an undesirable sensitivity to high momentum contributions. Using Bessel functions as weights, we find a natural generalization of weighted asymmetries that preserves the de-convolution property and features soft-factor cancellation, yet allows us to be less sensitive to high transverse momenta. The formalism also relates to TMD quantities studied in lattice QCD. We briefly show preliminary lattice results from an exploratory calculation of the Boer-Mulders shift using lattices generated by the MILC and LHP collaborations at a pion mass of 500 MeV.

scholarly journals RENORMALIZATION-GROUP ANATOMY OF TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM DEPENDENT PARTON DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS IN QCD

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (35n37) ◽  
pp. 2913-2923 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. STEFANIS ◽  
I. O. CHEREDNIKOV
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Momentum ◽  
Parton Distribution ◽  
Anomalous Dimension ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Divergent Part ◽  
Parton Distribution Functions ◽  
Transverse Momentum Dependent ◽  
Light Cone Gauge ◽  
Soft Factor ◽  
First Case

The ultraviolet and rapidity divergences of transverse-momentum dependent parton distribution functions with lightlike and transverse gauge links is studied, also incorporating a soft eikonal factor. We find that in the light-cone gauge with q--independent pole prescriptions extra divergences appear which amount, at one-loop, to a cusp-like anomalous-dimension. We show that such contributions are absent when the Mandelstam-Leibbrandt prescription is used. In the first case, the soft factor cancels the anomalous dimension defect, while in the second case its ultraviolet-divergent part reduces to unity.

scholarly journals ANALYTIC PROPERTIES OF MULTI-PARTON POLE MATRIX ELEMENTS AND UNIVERSALITY OF FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS

2011 ◽  
Vol 04 ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
LEONARD GAMBERG ◽  
ASMITA MUKHERJEE ◽  
P. J. MULDERS
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Analytic Structure ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
Parton Distribution Functions ◽  
Transverse Momentum Dependent ◽  
Spin Asymmetries ◽  
Single Spin ◽  
Fragmentation Functions ◽  
High Energy Scattering

Gluonic pole matrix elements explain the appearance of single spin asymmetries (SSA) in high-energy scattering processes. They involve a combination of operators which are odd under time reversal (T-odd). Such matrix elements appear in principle both for parton distribution functions and parton fragmentation functions. We show that for parton fragmentation functions these gluonic pole matrix elements vanish as a consequence of the analytic structure of scattering amplitudes in Quantum Chromodynamics. We extend this analysis to the case of multi-partonic pole matrix elements. This result is important in the study of the universality of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) fragmentation functions.

scholarly journals Unpolarized quark and gluon TMD PDFs and FFs at N3LO

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-xing Luo ◽  
Tong-Zhi Yang ◽  
Hua Xing Zhu ◽  
Yu Jiao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Momentum Fraction ◽  
Parton Distribution Functions ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Probability Interpretation ◽  
Transverse Momentum Dependent ◽  
Precision Determination ◽  
Fragmentation Functions

Abstract In this paper we calculate analytically the perturbative matching coefficients for unpolarized quark and gluon Transverse-Momentum-Dependent (TMD) Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) and Fragmentation Functions (FFs) through Next-to-Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order (N3LO) in QCD. The N3LO TMD PDFs are calculated by solving a system of differential equation of Feynman and phase space integrals. The TMD FFs are obtained by analytic continuation from space-like quantities to time-like quantities, taking into account the probability interpretation of TMD PDFs and FFs properly. The coefficient functions for TMD FFs exhibit double logarithmic enhancement at small momentum fraction z. We resum such logarithmic terms to the third order in the expansion of αs. Our results constitute important ingredients for precision determination of TMD PDFs and FFs in current and future experiments.

TMD FACTORIZATION AND EVOLUTION FOR TMD CORRELATION FUNCTIONS

2011 ◽  
Vol 04 ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. MERT AYBAT ◽  
TED C. ROGERS
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Momentum ◽  
Correlation Functions ◽  
Parton Distribution ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Parton Distribution Functions ◽  
Hard Part ◽  
Transverse Momentum Dependent ◽  
Unpolarized Case ◽  
Fragmentation Functions

We discuss the application of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization theorems to phenomenology. Our treatment relies on recent extensions of the Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) formalism. Emphasis is placed on the importance of using well-defined TMD parton distribution functions (PDFs) and fragmentation functions (FFs) in calculating the evolution of these objects. We explain how parametrizations of unpolarized TMDs can be obtained from currently existing fixed-scale Gaussian fits and previous implementations of the CSS formalism in the Drell-Yan process, and provide some examples. We also emphasize the importance of agreed-upon definitions for having an unambiguous prescription for calculating higher orders in the hard part, and provide examples of higher order calculations. We end with a discussion of strategies for extending the phenomenological applications of TMD factorization to situations beyond the unpolarized case.

BESSEL-WEIGHTED ASYMMETRIES AND TRANSVERSE SPIN EFFECTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 168-176
Author(s):  
LEONARD GAMBERG
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Momentum ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Parton Distribution ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Transverse Spin ◽  
High Transverse Momentum ◽  
Transverse Momentum Dependent ◽  
Fragmentation Functions ◽  
The Cross

We consider the cross section for semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering in Fourier space, conjugate to the outgoing hadron's transverse momentum, where convolutions of transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions and fragmentation functions become simple products. Individual asymmetric terms in the cross section can be projected out by means of a generalized set of weights involving Bessel functions. Advantages of employing these Bessel weights are that they suppress (divergent) contributions from high transverse momentum and that soft factors cancel in (Bessel-) weighted asymmetries. Also, the resulting compact expressions immediately connect to previous work on evolution equations for transverse momentum dependent parton distribution and fragmentation functions and to quantities accessible in lattice QCD. Bessel-weighted asymmetries are thus model independent observables that augment the description and our understanding of correlations of spin and momentum in nucleon structure.

scholarly journals One-loop matching for spin-dependent quasi-TMDs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus A. Ebert ◽  
Stella T. Schindler ◽  
Iain W. Stewart ◽  
Yong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Spin Structure ◽  
Wilson Line ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Longitudinal Momentum ◽  
Loop Order ◽  
Parton Distribution Functions ◽  
Transverse Momentum Dependent ◽  
Unique Probe ◽  
Transverse Position

Abstract Transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs) provide a unique probe of the three-dimensional spin structure of hadrons. We construct spin-dependent quasi-TMDPDFs that are amenable to lattice QCD calculations and that can be used to determine spin-dependent TMDPDFs. We calculate the short-distance coefficients connecting spin-dependent TMDPDFs and quasi-TMDPDFs at one-loop order. We find that the helicity and transversity distributions have the same coefficient as the unpolarized TMDPDF. We also argue that the same is true for pretzelosity and that this spin universality of the matching will hold to all orders in αs. Thus, it is possible to calculate ratios of these distributions as a function of longitudinal momentum and transverse position utilizing simpler Wilson line paths than have previously been considered.

Color Entanglement in Hadronic Processes for Transverse Momentum Dependent Parton Distribution Functions

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 1560022
Author(s):  
M. G. A. Buffing ◽  
P. J. Mulders
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Momentum ◽  
Parton Distribution ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Parton Distribution Functions ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Color Flow ◽  
Transverse Momentum Dependent ◽  
Gauge Link ◽  
Azimuthal Asymmetries ◽  
Different Parts

In the description of protons, we go beyond the ordinary collinear parton distribution functions (PDFs), by including transverse momentum dependent PDFs (TMDs). As such, we become sensitive to polarization modes of the partons and protons that one cannot probe without accounting for transverse momenta of partons, in particular when looking at azimuthal asymmetries. Hadronic processes require the inclusion of gluon contributions forming the gauge links, which are path-ordered exponentials tracing the color flow. In processes with two hadrons in the initial state, such as Drell-Yan (DY), the gauge links from different parts of the process get entangled. We show that in color disentangling this gauge link structure, one becomes sensitive to this color flow. After disentanglement, particular combinations of TMDs will require a different numerical color factor than one naively might have expected. Such color factors will even play a role for azimuthal asymmetries in the simplest hadronic processes such as DY.

scholarly journals DEFINITION AND EVOLUTION OF TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 92-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUEL G. ECHEVARRÍA ◽  
AHMAD IDILBI ◽  
IGNAZIO SCIMEMI
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Momentum ◽  
Evolution Equation ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Parton Distribution ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Parton Distribution Functions ◽  
Transverse Momentum Dependent ◽  
Momentum Distributions ◽  
Definition Of

We consider the definition of unpolarized transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions while staying on-the-light-cone. By imposing a requirement of identical treatment of two collinear sectors, our approach, compatible with a generic factorization theorem with the soft function included, is valid for all non-ultra-violet regulators (as it should), an issue which causes much confusion in the whole field. We explain how large logarithms can be resummed in a way which can be considered as an alternative to the use of Collins-Soper evolution equation. The evolution properties are also discussed and the gauge-invariance, in both classes of gauges, regular and singular, is emphasized.

scholarly journals Single-spin asymmetry ATsin(2ϕ−ϕS) in π−p Drell-Yan process within TMD factorization

2022 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Zhun Lu
Keyword(s):  
Spin Asymmetry ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Single Spin Asymmetry ◽  
Parton Distribution Functions ◽  
Sudakov Form Factor ◽  
Transverse Momentum Dependent ◽  
Single Spin ◽  
Mulders Function ◽  
Light Cone Wave Function ◽  
The Asymmetry

We study the single-spin asymmetry ATsin(2ϕ−ϕS) in the pion-induced Drell-Yan process within the transverse momentum dependent factorization (TMD factorization). The asymmetry can be expressed as the convolution of the Boer-Mulders function and the transversity function. We numerically estimate the asymmetry ATsin(2ϕ−ϕS) at the COMPASS kinematics with the model results for the pion meson distributions from the light-cone wave function approach and the available parametrization for the proton distributions. We also include the TMD evolution formalism both proton and pion parton distribution functions by using two different parametrizations on nonperturbative Sudakov form factor. We find that the asymmetry ATsin(2ϕ−ϕS) as functions of xp, xπ, xF and q⊥ is qualitatively consistent with the recent COMPASS measurement.

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