Does Water Governance Matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Bromley ◽  
Glen Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Fiscal Effort ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Diagnostic Models ◽  
Governance Quality ◽  
Per Capita

We develop a series of diagnostic models covering 82 of the world’s poorest countries over the period 1991–2015. Our purpose is to assess several important attributes of water governance in these developing countries. Specifically: (1) do water-related public services make important contributions to per capita GDP and general livelihood prospects? (2) what factors seem to explain the quite different national commitments to the provision of water-related public services? and (3) do observed variations in water-related public services provide evidence of governance quality? Our diagnostic models suggest that water-related public services indeed contribute to per capita GDP and to improved public health outcomes across these developing countries. We then derive a variable capturing fiscal effort in the provision of quasi-public services — the availability of improved water supply and sanitation services — controlling for variations in national ability to pay (per capita GDP). We call this commitment an index of instrumental governance. With this index of instrumental governance, we conclude that water governance offers an important measure of a proxy for the civic commitment of governments in the world’s poorest nations. We conclude that an important aspect of “governance” is captured by the extent to which governments make difficult financial commitments that will improve per capita GDP and general livelihood prospects of their citizens.

scholarly journals The Winner Takes It All: International Inequality in Communication and Media Studies Today

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marton Demeter
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
International Inequality ◽  
Publication Patterns ◽  
Per Capita

In this research, we analyzed all 79 Web of Science (WoS) indexed journals in communication and media studies to disclose main publication patterns. We found that English-language countries dominate the field in a greater extent than in other disciplines, and developing countries are in a weaker position than English-language developed countries not just in natural sciences but also in soft sciences. We found significant correlations between the nominal GDP, the per capita publication, and per capita GDP of a given country and its publication scores.

The Impact of Infrastructure on Growth in Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
pp. 40-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Yılmaz ◽  
Işın Çetin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Infrastructure and growth nexus has been debated in the literature since 1980s. This debate has a vital importance for the sake of developing countries. These countries need to grow faster in order to catch-up their advanced counterparts. Thus, it is important to detect the effect of infrastructure on growth. Bearing in mind this fact, we develop a standard growth regression in this present chapter using per capita GDP growth rate as a dependent variable. Infrastructure is added to the model as an index constructed from the indicators of infrastructure: total electric generating capacity, total telephone lines and the length of road network. We also employ set of instrumental variables comprising 29 developing countries between 1990 and 2014. In order to estimate our dynamic panel data we prefer GMM estimators. According to our empirical analysis, we can claim that infrastructure has a positive and significant impact on growth. But this impact is smaller than the earlier studies predict.

scholarly journals Analysing inter-relationships among water, governance, human development variables in developing countries: WatSan4Dev database coherency analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dondeynaz ◽  
C. Carmona Moreno ◽  
J. J. Céspedes Lorente
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Sanitation Services

Abstract. The "Integrated Water Resources Management" principle was formally laid down at the International Conference on Water and Sustainable development in Dublin 1992. One of the main results of this conference is that improving Water and Sanitation Services (WSS), being a complex and interdisciplinary issue, passes through collaboration and coordination of different sectors (environment, health, economic activities, governance, and international cooperation). These sectors influence or are influenced by the access to WSS. The understanding of these interrelations appears as crucial for decision makers in the water sector. In this framework, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission (EC) has developed a new database (WatSan4Dev database) containing 45 indicators (called variables in this paper) from environmental, socio-economic, governance and financial aid flows data in developing countries. This paper describes the development of the WatSan4Dev dataset, the statistical processes needed to improve the data quality; and, finally, the analysis to verify the database coherence is presented. At the light of the first analysis, WatSan4Dev Dataset shows the coherency among the different variables that are confirmed by the direct field experience and/or the scientific literature in the domain. Preliminary analysis of the relationships indicates that the informal urbanisation development is an important factor influencing negatively the percentage of the population having access to WSS. Health, and in particular children health, benefits from the improvement of WSS. Efficient environmental governance is also an important factor for providing improved water supply services. The database would be at the base of posterior analyses to better understand the interrelationships between the different indicators associated in the water sector in developing countries. A data model using the different indicators will be realised on the next phase of this research work.

Health Care

2019 ◽  
pp. 90-113
Author(s):  
Jean Drèze
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Per Capita

This chapter discusses the dismal state of health care in India and the scope for change. Drawing on a wealth of survey data, it brings out the gaping deficiencies of public health facilities as well as India's poor health outcomes. In fact, India's health indicators do not compare favourably with those of Bangladesh or even Nepal, in spite of India's much higher per‐capita GDP and faster GDP growth. Of course, some Indian states (notably Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Himachal Pradesh) have made health care a priority and, correspondingly, forged ahead in terms of health indicators. Recent evidence also suggests significant progress in this field in other states, including some—like Bihar—that have a long record of poor governance.

scholarly journals Gender Gaps in Human Capital in Developing Countries: An Empirical Assessment

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Quang Dao
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Ethnic Fractionalization ◽  
Per Capita

This paper examines the impact of various determinants on gender gaps in human capital in developing countries. We find that female primary completion is dependent on per capita GDP growth, female employment in agriculture, in industry, and in services, and the interactions between per capita GDP growth and female employment in industry and in services. We are also able to show that the ratio of girls to boys’ enrollments in primary and secondary schools is a function of the poverty rate, the fraction of the population with access to an improved water source, and maternal mortality. In addition, we observe that girls’ mortality is dependent upon the fraction of the population having access to improved sanitation and water services, and ethnic fractionalization. Finally, we find that maternal mortality is a function of the fraction of the population with access to improved water services, the fraction of births attended by skilled staff, the fraction of women receiving prenatal care, and ethnic fractionalization. These statistical results can assist developing countries identify areas that need to be improved upon in order to reduce gender gaps in human capital—specifically those concerning female mortality and education.

Aid, Policies, and Growth

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Burnside ◽  
David Dollar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Small Impact ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Good Policy

This paper uses a new database on foreign aid to examine the relationships among foreign aid, economic policies, and growth of per capita GDP. We find that aid has a positive impact on growth in developing countries with good fiscal, monetary, and trade policies but has little effect in the presence of poor policies. Good policies are ones that are themselves important for growth. The quality of policy has only a small impact on the allocation of aid. Our results suggest that aid would be more effective if it were more systematically conditioned on good policy. (JEL F350, O230, O400)

A tale of the financial inclusion-growth nexus and the degree of financial inclusion: a dynamic panel approach on selected developing countries

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biplob Kumar Nandi ◽  
Gazi Quamrul Hasan ◽  
Md. Humayun Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
High Level

Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of financial inclusion on per capita gross domestic product (GDP) at varying degrees of financial inclusion for a sample of 76 developing countries between 2011 and 2017. To evaluate the heterogeneous impact, this paper constructs the multi-dimension index of financial inclusion to classify sample countries into two sub-samples in terms of the value of FIID, taking account of three dimensions of financial inclusion: access, usage and availability. Design/methodology/approach This study attempts to identify the presence of reverse causality and long-run relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth by using the Granger causality test (Wald test) and three alternative panel cointegration tests (Kao Test, Pedroni Test, Westerlund Test) respectively. Because of the existence of the bi-directional causality between financial inclusion and per capita GDP, this study uses a fixed effect instrumental variable model with lagged dependent variable to get unbiased estimators from the panel regressions for sample countries. Findings This paper finds a strong positive impact of financial inclusion on per capita GDP growth in sample developing countries, controlling for labor market structure, financial institutions’ efficacy, infrastructural and governance issues. This study suggests that economic growth will be high in developing economies with a higher level of financial inclusion; however, the positive impact for two sub-samples countries (low and medium level of inclusion and high level of inclusion) are heterogeneous. The estimated result explains that a 1% increase in the financial inclusion index leads to a 0.0153% point increase in the per capita GDP for the countries with a low and medium level of financial inclusion, while this positive impact is significantly higher, 0.0794% point for countries with the high level of financial inclusion. This study also suggests that the higher concentration in the financial market by few agents and the lower level of governance may have an adverse impact on economic growth for the economies with a low and medium level of financial inclusion. Originality/value This study is an original study that contributes to the research gap by explaining the heterogeneous impact of financial inclusion on economic growth at varying degrees of inclusion in the two sub-sample countries. Moreover, this study posits greater appeal as it explores the issue using the sample of only developing economies.

scholarly journals PAPER Economics Developement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nini Ardila
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
The People ◽  
Current Reform ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ownership Rights

Conclusion In the current economic era in 2019, income is the most important thing because it will measure economic growth for example in developing countries such as Indonesia. Perkapita in Indonesia when it exceeds the previous amount, causing inequality. This imbalance will cause bad consequences for the country due to lack of cooperation with the people. In this case the government has tried to overcome this imbalance. Especially in the current reform era. this has resulted in a bad situation where in the current reform era it is recovering but sick in terms of mastery or deemocracy. Seen from the democratic party that the government tried to maintain the ownership rights of the ruler, not what was the condition of inequality in the reform era? Indeed Indonesia's per capita GDP has increased. But the inequality of income distribution is getting higher.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document