Health Care

2019 ◽  
pp. 90-113
Author(s):  
Jean Drèze
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Per Capita

This chapter discusses the dismal state of health care in India and the scope for change. Drawing on a wealth of survey data, it brings out the gaping deficiencies of public health facilities as well as India's poor health outcomes. In fact, India's health indicators do not compare favourably with those of Bangladesh or even Nepal, in spite of India's much higher per‐capita GDP and faster GDP growth. Of course, some Indian states (notably Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Himachal Pradesh) have made health care a priority and, correspondingly, forged ahead in terms of health indicators. Recent evidence also suggests significant progress in this field in other states, including some—like Bihar—that have a long record of poor governance.

Interstate Level Comparison of People’s Health Status and the State of Public Health Care Services in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajkishor Meher ◽  
Rajendra Prasad Patro
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Care Services

Health is an essential component of economic development and there is a strong correlation between health of human population and societal well-being. We cannot just think of the development of the human capital without the development of health and education of the people. However, it is found that although India has made large gains on the health front of its population, there exist wide variations between and within states. While states such as Kerala, Punjab and Tamil Nadu have a very developed health sector and the health indicators of these states are comparable to those of developed middle-income countries, states such as Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, etc., are almost at the level of Sub-Saharan Africa. By using a few of the key health indicators the present article makes a critical analysis of the health status of people in the 17 major states of India, the ongoing health development programmes and the present state of public health care services in different parts of the country. The article further delves into an arena of specific policy intervention measures that are required to be undertaken in order to increase the health status of people.

scholarly journals Do Military Expenditure and Conflict Affect Economic Growth in Sri Lanka? Evidence from the ARDL Bounds Test Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Abdul Rasheed Sithy Jesmy ◽  
Mohd Zaini Abd Karim ◽  
Shri Dewi Applanaidu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Bounds Test

Conflicts in the form of civil war, ethnic tensions and political discord are of enduring concern and a major bottleneck to economic development in Sri Lanka. Three decades of civil war and unethical political culture have caused severe economic problems for the country, including slower rate of growth and a huge defence expenditure. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of military expenditure and conflict on per capita GDP growth rate in Sri Lanka from 1973 to 2014 using the Solow growth model and ARDL bounds test approach. The results of the bounds test are highly significant and lead to cointegration. The negative and significant coefficients of the error correction term illustrate the expected convergence process in the long-run dynamic of per capita GDP. The estimated empirical results show that, the coefficients of military expenditure and conflict are negative and statistically significant in the short-run as well as in the long-run in determining per capita GDP growth rate in Sri Lanka. Hence, it is critically important to take necessary action to decrease military expenditure and provide an efficient political solution to the problem of minorities, specifically in the post-war period.

scholarly journals Toward an integrated system of climate change and human health indicators: a conceptual framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 166 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Y. Liu ◽  
Juli M. Trtanj ◽  
Erin K. Lipp ◽  
John M. Balbus
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Health Trends ◽  
Science And Policy

AbstractEnvironmental health indicators are helpful for tracking and communicating complex health trends, informing science and policy decisions, and evaluating public health actions. When provided on a national scale, they can help inform the general public, policymakers, and public health professionals about important trends in exposures and how well public health systems are preventing those exposures from causing adverse health outcomes. There is a growing need to understand national trends in exposures and health outcomes associated with climate change and the effectiveness of climate adaptation strategies for health. To date, most indicators for health implications of climate change have been designed as independent, individual metrics. This approach fails to take into account how exposure-outcome pathways for climate-attributable health outcomes involve multiple, interconnected components. We propose reframing climate change and health indicators as a linked system of indicators, which can be described as follows: upstream climate drivers affect environmental states, which then determine human exposures, which ultimately lead to health outcomes; these climate-related risks are modified by population vulnerabilities and adaptation strategies. We apply this new conceptual framework to three illustrative climate-sensitive health outcomes and associated exposure-outcome pathways: pollen allergies and asthma, West Nile virus infection, and vibriosis.

The Adverse Health Outcomes, Economic Burden, and Public Health Implications of Unmanaged Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Call to Action Resulting from CHADD Summit, Washington, DC, October 17, 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110367
Author(s):  
Bob Cattoi ◽  
Ingrid Alpern ◽  
Jeffrey S. Katz ◽  
David Keepnews ◽  
Mary V. Solanto
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes

Recent research has increasingly documented the adverse effects of ADHD on physical health in addition to its well-known effects on emotional health. Responding to this concern, CHADD organized a summit meeting of health care providers, governmental and other health-related organizations, and health care payers. A White Paper generated from the meeting reviewed the adverse health outcomes, economic burden and public health implications of unmanaged ADHD. Here we summarize the resulting Calls to Action to the various stakeholder groups including: increased awareness and education of providers; development of professional guidelines for diagnosis and treatment; insurance coverage of the relevant services; support of research targeting the role of ADHD in the etiology and treatment of physical illness; and public education campaigns.

scholarly journals Urban Geographical Economics and per Capita GDP Growth in Romania

2012 ◽  
Vol XV (Issue 3) ◽  
pp. 109-134
Author(s):  
Jesús López-Rodríguez ◽  
Cosmin Bolea-Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Per Capita

scholarly journals The cumulation of ill health and low agency in socially excluded city dwellers in the Netherlands: how to better identify high-risk/high-need population segments with public health survey data

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Addi P. L. van Bergen ◽  
Annelies van Loon ◽  
Stella J. M. Hoff ◽  
Judith R. L. M. Wolf ◽  
Albert M. van Hemert
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Labour Market Position

Abstract Background Population segmentation and risk stratification are important strategies for allocating resources in public health, health care and social care. Social exclusion, which is defined as the cumulation of disadvantages in social, economic, cultural and political domains, is associated with an increased risk of health problems, low agency, and as a consequence, a higher need for health and social care. The aim of this study is to test social exclusion against traditional social stratifiers to identify high-risk/high-need population segments. Methods We used data from 33,285 adults from the 2016 Public Health Monitor of four major cities in the Netherlands. To identify at-risk populations for cardiovascular risk, cancer, low self-rated health, anxiety and depression symptoms, and low personal control, we compared relative risks (RR) and population attributable fractions (PAF) for social exclusion, which was measured with the Social Exclusion Index for Health Surveys (SEI-HS), and four traditional social stratifiers, namely, education, income, labour market position and migration background. Results The analyses showed significant associations of social exclusion with all the health indicators and personal control. Particular strong RRs were found for anxiety and depression symptoms (7.95) and low personal control (6.36), with corresponding PAFs of 42 and 35%, respectively. Social exclusion was significantly better at identifying population segments with high anxiety and depression symptoms and low personal control than were the four traditional stratifiers, while the two approaches were similar at identifying other health problems. The combination of social exclusion with a low labour market position (19.5% of the adult population) captured 67% of the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms and 60% of the prevalence of low personal control, as well as substantial proportions of the other health indicators. Conclusions This study shows that the SEI-HS is a powerful tool for identifying high-risk/high-need population segments in which not only ill health is concentrated, as is the case with traditional social stratifiers, but also a high prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms and low personal control are present, in addition to an accumulation of social problems. These findings have implications for health care practice, public health and social interventions in large cities.

The Impact of Infrastructure on Growth in Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
pp. 40-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Yılmaz ◽  
Işın Çetin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Infrastructure and growth nexus has been debated in the literature since 1980s. This debate has a vital importance for the sake of developing countries. These countries need to grow faster in order to catch-up their advanced counterparts. Thus, it is important to detect the effect of infrastructure on growth. Bearing in mind this fact, we develop a standard growth regression in this present chapter using per capita GDP growth rate as a dependent variable. Infrastructure is added to the model as an index constructed from the indicators of infrastructure: total electric generating capacity, total telephone lines and the length of road network. We also employ set of instrumental variables comprising 29 developing countries between 1990 and 2014. In order to estimate our dynamic panel data we prefer GMM estimators. According to our empirical analysis, we can claim that infrastructure has a positive and significant impact on growth. But this impact is smaller than the earlier studies predict.

scholarly journals Surgery for CNS Tumors in the Brazilian National Health Care System

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
Luciola Pontes ◽  
Maryam Nemati Shafaee ◽  
Benjamin Haaland ◽  
Gilberto Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
State Population ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose Resource limitations in low- and middle-income countries make the management of CNS tumors challenging, particularly in Brazil, a country with major disparities in socioeconomic status and access to health care. We aimed to evaluate cancer-related neurosurgical procedures in the public health care system. Methods On the basis of Brazil’s public health system database, we collected data for neurosurgical procedures related to CNS tumors performed between January 2008 and November 2013. Information about the number of procedures, costs, length of stay, and number of inpatient deaths were analyzed for each state and then correlated to the state-specific population, gross domestic product per capita, and number of procedures. Results In all, 57,361 procedures were performed, the majority of them in the Southeast region. The mean length of hospital stay was 14.4 days, but longer hospital stay was reported for patients treated in the North. The inpatient mortality rate was 7.11%. Mortality rates decreased as the number of procedures ( P < .001), gross domestic product per capita ( P < .001), or state population increased ( P < .001). On multivariate analysis, only the number of procedures (odds ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.91 to 0.96; P < .001) and state population (odds ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.38; P < .001) had an independent association with mortality. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate disparities in CNS tumor surgery in a middle-income country, confirming that regional disparities exist and that clinical and economic outcomes correlate with income level, number of procedures, and state population.

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