About this title - Stable Isotope Studies of the Water Cycle and Terrestrial Environments

10.1144/sp507 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 507 (1) ◽  
pp. NP-NP
Author(s):  
A.-V. Bojar ◽  
A. Pelc ◽  
C. Lécuyer
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Clumped Isotopes ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
North And South America

This volume is devoted to Earth surface environmental reconstructions and environmental changes that may be deciphered and modelled using stable isotopes along with mineralogical/chemical, sedimentological, palaeontological/biological and climatological methodologies. The book is divided into two sections, both using stable isotopes (δD, δ18O, δ13C, d15N, δ34S, clumped isotopes Δ47) in various samples and phases as the main research tool. The first section is devoted to studies focusing on the distribution of isotopes in precipitation, groundwater, lakes, rivers, springs, tap water, mine water and their relationship with terrestrial environments at regional to continental scale. In relation to this, the second section includes case studies from a range of continental settings, investigating cave deposits (stalagmites, bat guano), animal skeletons (dinosaurs, alligators, turtles, bivalves), present and past soils (palaeosols) and limestones. The sections focus on the interaction between the surficial water cycle and underground water storage with deposits acting as archives of short- to long-term climatic and environmental changes. Examples from the Early Cretaceous to present time come from Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America.

scholarly journals Stable Isotope Studies of the Water Cycle and Terrestrial Environments: an Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. SP507-2021-32
Author(s):  
Ana-Voica Bojar ◽  
Andrzej Pelc ◽  
Christophe Lécuyer
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Clumped Isotopes ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Environments

AbstractThe volume is devoted to Earth Surface environmental reconstructions and environmental changes, which may be deciphered and modeled using stable isotopes along with mineralogical/chemical, sedimentological, palaeontological/biological and climatological methodologies. The book is divided into two sections, both of them using stable isotopes analysis (δD, δ18O, δ13C, δ15N, δ34S, clumped isotopes D47) in various samples and phases as main research tools. The first section is devoted to studies focusing on the distribution of isotopes in precipitations, groundwaters, lakes, rivers, springs, mine waters and their relationship with terrestrial environments at regional to continental scale. In connection, the second section includes case studies from a range of continental settings, investigating cave deposits (stalagmites, bat guano), animal skeletons (dinosaurs, alligators, turtles, bivalves), present and past soils (palaeosols), limestones. The sections focus on the interaction between the surficial water cycle and underground water storage with deposits acting as archives of short- to long-term climatic and environmental changes. Examples from the Early Cretaceous to present time come from Europe, Asia, Africa and America.

scholarly journals A Stable Isotope Approach for Estimating the Contribution of Recycled Moisture to Precipitation in Lanzhou City, China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1783
Author(s):  
Fenli Chen ◽  
Mingjun Zhang ◽  
Xixi Wu ◽  
Shengjie Wang ◽  
Athanassios A. Argiriou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Plant Transpiration ◽  
Surface Evaporation ◽  
Lanzhou City ◽  
Water Vapors ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Dependent Parameter

The proportional contribution of recycled moisture to local precipitation is a geographically dependent parameter that cannot be ignored in water budgets. Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes are sensitive to environmental changes and can be applied to investigate the modern water cycle. In this study, a three-component mixing model is used to calculate the contribution of different water vapors (advection, evaporation and transpiration) to summer precipitation in Lanzhou city, Northwest China. The results show that for all sampling sites in Lanzhou, the contribution of advection vapor to precipitation is the largest, followed by the plant transpiration vapor, and the contribution of surface evaporation water vapor is usually the least, with the average values of 87.96%, 9.1% and 2.9%, respectively. The spatial differences of plant transpiration vapor are generally larger than those of advection vapor and surface evaporation vapor, and the high values appear in Yongdeng, Daheng and Gaolan.

scholarly journals Transferability Intercomparison: An Opportunity for New Insight on the Global Water Cycle and Energy Budget

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Takle ◽  
J. Roads ◽  
B. Rockel ◽  
W. J. Gutowski ◽  
R. W. Arritt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Budget ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Global Water Cycle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Water

A new approach, called transferability intercomparisons, is described for advancing both understanding and modeling of the global water cycle and energy budget. Under this approach, individual regional climate models perform simulations with all modeling parameters and parameterizations held constant over a specific period on several prescribed domains representing different climatic regions. The transferability framework goes beyond previous regional climate model intercomparisons to provide a global method for testing and improving model parameterizations by constraining the simulations within analyzed boundaries for several domains. Transferability intercomparisons expose the limits of our current regional modeling capacity by examining model accuracy on a wide range of climate conditions and realizations. Intercomparison of these individual model experiments provides a means for evaluating strengths and weaknesses of models outside their “home domains” (domain of development and testing). Reference sites that are conducting coordinated measurements under the continental-scale experiments under the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Hydrometeorology Panel provide data for evaluation of model abilities to simulate specific features of the water and energy cycles. A systematic intercomparison across models and domains more clearly exposes collective biases in the modeling process. By isolating particular regions and processes, regional model transferability intercomparisons can more effectively explore the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of predictability. A general improvement of model ability to simulate diverse climates will provide more confidence that models used for future climate scenarios might be able to simulate conditions on a particular domain that are beyond the range of previously observed climates.

scholarly journals New techniques for gap-filling and partitioning of H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> eddy fluxes measured over forests in complex mountainous terrain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minseok Kang ◽  
Joon Kim ◽  
Bindu Malla Thakuri ◽  
Junghwa Chun ◽  
Chunho Cho
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Gap Filling ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Filling Method ◽  
Rain Events

Abstract. The continuous measurement of H2O and CO2 fluxes using the eddy covariance (EC) technique is still challenging for forests in complex terrain because of large amounts of wet canopy evaporation (EWC), which occur during and following rain events when the EC systems rarely work correctly, and the horizontal advection of CO2 generated at night. We propose new techniques for gap-filling and partitioning of the H2O and CO2 fluxes: (1) a model-stats hybrid method (MSH) and (2) a modified moving point test method (MPTm). The former enables the recovery of the missing EWC in the traditional gap-filling method and the partitioning of the evapotranspiration (ET) into transpiration and (wet canopy) evaporation. The latter determines the friction velocity (u*) threshold based on an iterative approach using moving windows for both time and u*, thereby allowing not only the nighttime CO2 flux correction and partitioning but also the assessment of the significance of the CO2 drainage. We tested and validated these new methods using the datasets from two flux towers, which are located at forests in hilly and complex terrains. The MSH reasonably recovered the missing EWC of 16 ~ 41 mm year−1 and separated it from the ET (14 ~ 23 % of the annual ET). The MPTm produced consistent carbon budgets using those from the previous research and diameter increment, while it has improved applicability. Additionally, we illustrated certain advantages of the proposed techniques, which enables us to understand better how ET responses to environmental changes and how the water cycle is connected to the carbon cycle in a forest ecosystem.

Application of Rainwater Garden in Economical Ecological Urban Landscape

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 800-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yi Xuan ◽  
Hui Xuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Cyclic Utilization

With the acceleration of global sustainable development, the shortage of water resources especially the city has become the focus of attention in all countries since water is the key to build a resources-saving ecological city. The article improved the existing "rain garden" project and replenished the purification of the rain in order to realize the urban water cyclic utilization ,through recycling rainwater, which can manage rainstorm effectively , improve the urban water cycle system, as well as supply urban irrigation and underground water. Besides, the combination of urban landscape and stormwater management system, if widely accepted, will not only improve the urban water problem, but also improve the urban environment, alleviating the urban heat island effect and improving the local climate. It can shape a new resources-saving ecological city and then realize the sustainable development of resources.

scholarly journals Continental Runoff into the Oceans (1950–2008)

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1502-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Clark ◽  
Justin Sheffield ◽  
Michelle T. H. van Vliet ◽  
Bart Nijssen ◽  
Dennis P. Lettenmaier
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Continental Runoff

Abstract A common term in the continental and oceanic components of the global water cycle is freshwater discharge to the oceans. Many estimates of the annual average global discharge have been made over the past 100 yr with a surprisingly wide range. As more observations have become available and continental-scale land surface model simulations of runoff have improved, these past estimates are cast in a somewhat different light. In this paper, a combination of observations from 839 river gauging stations near the outlets of large river basins is used in combination with simulated runoff fields from two implementations of the Variable Infiltration Capacity land surface model to estimate continental runoff into the world’s oceans from 1950 to 2008. The gauges used account for ~58% of continental areas draining to the ocean worldwide, excluding Greenland and Antarctica. This study estimates that flows to the world’s oceans globally are 44 200 (±2660) km3 yr−1 (9% from Africa, 37% from Eurasia, 30% from South America, 16% from North America, and 8% from Australia–Oceania). These estimates are generally higher than previous estimates, with the largest differences in South America and Australia–Oceania. Given that roughly 42% of ocean-draining continental areas are ungauged, it is not surprising that estimates are sensitive to the land surface and hydrologic model (LSM) used, even with a correction applied to adjust for model bias. The results show that more and better in situ streamflow measurements would be most useful in reducing uncertainties, in particular in the southern tip of South America, the islands of Oceania, and central Africa.

scholarly journals Expressions of climate perturbations in western Ugandan crater lake sediment records during the last 1000 yr

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 5183-5226 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mills ◽  
D. B. Ryves ◽  
N. J. Anderson ◽  
C. L. Bryant ◽  
J. J. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Ecosystem Response ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Crater Lakes ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Western Uganda

Abstract. Equatorial East Africa has a complex, regional patchwork of climate regimes, with multiple interacting drivers. Recent studies have focussed on large lakes and reveal signals that are smoothed in both space and time, and, whilst useful at a continental scale, are of less relevance when understanding short-term, abrupt or immediate impacts of climate and environmental changes. Smaller-scale studies have highlighted spatial complexity and regional heterogeneity of tropical palaeoenvironments in terms of responses to climatic forcing (e.g. the Little Ice Age [LIA]) and questions remain over the spatial extent and synchroneity of climatic changes seen in East African records. Sediment cores from paired crater lakes in western Uganda were examined to assess ecosystem response to long-term climate and environmental change as well as testing responses to multiple drivers using redundancy analysis. These archives provide annual to sub-decadal records of environmental change. The records from the two lakes demonstrate an individualistic response to external (e.g. climatic) drivers, however, some of the broader patterns observed across East Africa suggest that the lakes are indeed sensitive to climatic perturbations such as a dry Mediaeval Climate Anomaly (MCA; 1000–1200 AD) and a relatively drier climate during the main phase of the LIA (1500–1800 AD); though lake levels in western Uganda do fluctuate. The relationship of Ugandan lakes to regional climate drivers breaks down c. 1800 AD, when major changes in the ecosystems appear to be a response to sediment and nutrient influxes as a result of increasing cultural impacts within the lake catchments. The data highlight the complexity of individual lake response to climate forcing, indicating shifting drivers through time. This research also highlights the importance of using multi-lake studies within a landscape to allow for rigorous testing of climate reconstructions, forcing and ecosystem response.

scholarly journals Every apple has a voice: using stable isotopes to teach about food sourcing and the water cycle

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 3799-3810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Oerter ◽  
Molly Malone ◽  
Annie Putman ◽  
Dina Drits-Esser ◽  
Louisa Stark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Isotope Hydrology ◽  
Computer Lab ◽  
Outreach Activity

Abstract. Agricultural crops such as fruits take up irrigation and meteoric water and incorporate it into their tissue (fruit water) during growth, and the geographic origin of a fruit may be traced by comparing the H and O stable isotope composition (δ2H and δ18O values) of fruit water to the global geospatial distribution of H and O stable isotopes in precipitation. This connection between common fruits and the global water cycle provides an access point to connect with a variety of demographic groups to educate about isotope hydrology and the water cycle. Within the context of a 1-day outreach activity designed for a wide spectrum of participants (high school students, undergraduate students, high school science teachers) we developed introductory lecture materials, in-class participatory demonstrations of fruit water isotopic measurement in real time, and a computer lab exercise to couple actual fruit water isotope data with open-source online geospatial analysis software. We assessed learning outcomes with pre- and post-tests tied to learning objectives, as well as participant feedback surveys. Results indicate that this outreach activity provided effective lessons on the basics of stable isotope hydrology and the water cycle. However, the computer lab exercise needs to be more specifically tailored to the abilities of each participant group. This pilot study provides a foundation for further development of outreach materials that can effectively engage a range of participant groups in learning about the water cycle and the ways in which humans modify the water cycle through agricultural activity.

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