scholarly journals Qualitative Analyses of Movements Between Task-level and Code-level Thinking of Novice Programmers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Enrique Vicente Castro ◽  
Kathi Fisler
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analyses ◽  
Task Level

Factors Influencing Cognate Performance for Young Multilingual Children's Vocabulary: A Research Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2170-2188
Author(s):  
Lindsey R. Squires ◽  
Sara J. Ohlfest ◽  
Kristen E. Santoro ◽  
Jennifer L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Test Validity ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Word Characteristics ◽  
Study Inclusion ◽  
Task Level

Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to determine evidence of a cognate effect for young multilingual children (ages 3;0–8;11 [years;months], preschool to second grade) in terms of task-level and child-level factors that may influence cognate performance. Cognates are pairs of vocabulary words that share meaning with similar phonology and/or orthography in more than one language, such as rose – rosa (English–Spanish) or carrot – carotte (English–French). Despite the cognate advantage noted with older bilingual children and bilingual adults, there has been no systematic examination of the cognate research in young multilingual children. Method We conducted searches of multiple electronic databases and hand-searched article bibliographies for studies that examined young multilingual children's performance with cognates based on study inclusion criteria aligned to the research questions. Results The review yielded 16 articles. The majority of the studies (12/16, 75%) demonstrated a positive cognate effect for young multilingual children (measured in higher accuracy, faster reaction times, and doublet translation equivalents on cognates as compared to noncognates). However, not all bilingual children demonstrated a cognate effect. Both task-level factors (cognate definition, type of cognate task, word characteristics) and child-level factors (level of bilingualism, age) appear to influence young bilingual children's performance on cognates. Conclusions Contrary to early 1990s research, current researchers suggest that even young multilingual children may demonstrate sensitivity to cognate vocabulary words. Given the limits in study quality, more high-quality research is needed, particularly to address test validity in cognate assessments, to develop appropriate cognate definitions for children, and to refine word-level features. Only one study included a brief instruction prior to assessment, warranting cognate treatment studies as an area of future need. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12753179

scholarly journals Gamblers’ Perception of the Playscan Risk Assessment: A Mixed-Methods Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Forsström ◽  
Alexander Rozental ◽  
Emma Wiklund ◽  
Per Carlbring ◽  
Philip Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Responsible Gambling ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
General View ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

AbstractResponsible gambling (RG) tools are globally widespread; they aim to prevent or decrease the harm caused by gambling. However, existing research suggests that several included features do not decrease gambling or significantly reduce the subsequent harm. Most of the previous studies have used gambling data to understand the changes in gambling behavior. However, the literature lacks research regarding gamblers’ experience and perception of RG tools, which may provide insight into increasing the usage and effectiveness of RG tools. This mixed-methods study aimed to explore gamblers’ perception of their risk assessment in the RG tool Playscan regarding developing harmful gambling problems. Overall, 757 participants rated the perceived accuracy of their risk assessment and their perception of the overall RG tool that conducted the assessment. Participants were also allowed to leave a comment providing feedback, which was analyzed using thematic analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed using logistic regression and structural equation modeling. Qualitative analyses revealed that most of the participants were pleased with the risk assessment and found it helpful. Moderated mediation analysis showed that participants’ assessment agreement partially mediated the association between expressing a negative view and their general view of Playscan. These results highlight the need to decrease the level of disagreement for promoting a better general view of RG tools to potentially increase their usage and effectiveness.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Poly(Lactic Acid) Biocomposites under Controlled Composting Conditions and Freshwater Biotope

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Pavel Brdlík ◽  
Martin Borůvka ◽  
Luboš Běhálek ◽  
Petr Lenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Flat Film ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Acetyl Tributyl Citrate ◽  
And Control ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradability ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

The influence of additives such as natural-based plasticiser acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), CaCO3 and lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) on the biodegradation of polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites was studied by monitoring microbial metabolic activity through respirometry. Ternary biocomposites and control samples were processed by a twin-screw extruder equipped with a flat film die. Commonly available compost was used for the determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of PLA biocomposites under controlled composting conditions (ISO 14855-1). In addition, the hydro-degradability of prepared films in a freshwater biotope was analysed. To determine the efficiency of hydro-degradation, qualitative analyses (SEM, DSC, TGA and FTIR) were conducted. The results showed obvious differences in the degradation rate of PLA biocomposites. The application of ATBC at 10 wt.% loading increased the biodegradation rate of PLA. The addition of 10 wt.% of CaCO3 into the plasticised PLA matrix ensured an even higher degradation rate at aerobic thermophilic composting conditions. In such samples (PLA/ATBC/CaCO3), 94% biodegradation in 60 days was observed. In contrast, neat PLA exposed to the same conditions achieved only 16% biodegradation. Slightly inhibited microorganism activity was also observed for ternary PLA biocomposites containing L-CNC (1 wt.% loading). The results of qualitative analyses of degradation in a freshwater biotope confirmed increased biodegradation potential of ternary biocomposites containing both CaCO3 and ATBC. Significant differences in the chemical and structural compositions of PLA biocomposites were found in the evaluated period of three months.

scholarly journals Third-Party Effects in Stakeholder Interviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 160940692096648
Author(s):  
Melissa Beresford ◽  
J. Leah Jones ◽  
Julia C. Bausch ◽  
Clinton F. Williams ◽  
Amber Wutich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Sensitive Topics ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Coding Strategy ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

This paper examines the effect of having a third-party scientific expert present in stakeholder interviews. The study was conducted as part of a larger project on stakeholder engagement for natural resource management in the Verde Valley region of Arizona. We employed an experimental design, conducting stakeholder interviews both with and without an identified scientific expert present. Our sample consisted of 12 pairs of interviewees (24 total participants) who we matched based on their occupation, sex, and spatial proximity. For each pair, the scientific expert was present as a third party in one interview and absent in the other. We used a word-based coding strategy to code all interview responses for three known areas of sensitivity among the study population (risk, gatekeeping, and competence). We then performed both quantitative and qualitative analyses to compare responses across the two interview groups. We found that the presence of a scientific expert did not have a statistically significant effect on the mention of sensitive topics among stakeholders. However, our qualitative results show that the presence of a scientific expert had subtle influences on the ways that stakeholders discussed sensitive topics, particularly in placing emphasis on their own credibility and knowledge. Our findings indicate that researchers may be able to pursue collaborative, interdisciplinary research designs with multiple researchers present during interviews without concerns of strongly influencing data elicitation on sensitive topics. However, researchers should be cognizant of the subtle ways in which the presence of a third-party expert may influence the credibility claims and knowledge assertions made by respondents when a third-party expert is present during stakeholder interviews.

scholarly journals Is There a Place for Theoretical Frameworks in Qualitative Research?

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 160940692098795
Author(s):  
Casey M. Garvey ◽  
Rachel Jones
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Common Sense Model ◽  
Rich Description ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

Qualitative research proceeds from the position that there is no one observable reality. Researchers utilizing qualitative methods build findings inductively, from raw data to a conceptual understanding. Theoretical frameworks may be utilized to guide qualitative analyses by suggesting concepts and relationships to explore. The framework may provide a sense of the story emerging from the analyses. And concurrently, the rich description provided by the analyses may allow the framework to be more deeply appreciated. However, there is a risk that using a theoretical framework may stifle inductive reasoning or result in findings incongruent to the data. The following is a discussion of the application of a theoretical framework in a qualitative study. This study, guided by the Common-Sense Model, explores the choice to undergo treatment for Hepatitis C Virus among veterans. Examples from the analyses are provided to facilitate discussion on the utilization of a theoretical framework. Techniques to optimize the use of a theoretical framework, as well as mitigate risks of such use, are presented. When utilized alongside rigorous data analyses and introspection, a theoretical framework may serve as a valuable tool to navigate data in qualitative research.

Influence of dietary proteins on rennin and pepsin content of preruminant calf vell

1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascaline Garnot ◽  
E. Valles ◽  
J.-L. Thapon ◽  
R. Toullec ◽  
R. Tomassone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Dietary Proteins ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Cellulose Column ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

SummaryStudies were undertaken to determine the influence of dietary proteins on the rennin and pepsin contents of preruminant calf vell. Three groups of 12 Friesian calves were each fed either milk proteins, whey proteins or a 50:50 mixture of these 2 diets. They were slaughtered at a constant weight of 150kg and their vells collected and dried. Another group of vells was obtained from 8 animals that had been fed milk proteins in a separate experiment. The extraction of the abomasal enzymes was carried out at acid pH, and the extracts were quantitatively analysed for rennin and pepsin by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Qualitative analyses were also performed by agarose-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The only enzymes observed using this last method were rennin and bovine pepsin II. Statistical analysis of the quantitative enzyme determinations indicated a trend for the vells from calves fed diets containing casein to be richer in total activity and in rennin, while the level of pepsin remained approximately constant. It seems that casein may induce the secretion of rennin. However, further experiments will be necessary to confirm this. Important differences were observed between the 2 groups of veils from calves given the same diet, but grown in slightly different conditions.

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