On the impact of cryptography on complexity theory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oded Goldreich
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Theory ◽  
The Impact

Seeds of Change and Emancipation: Towards a Cognitive Mapping of Globilisation in Literature

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Antonio Cuadrado-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Impact

200 years of industrial capitalism, and 500 years of colonialism, have caused the worst human and environmental crisis in the history of human kind. Rapid and unprecedented depletion of natura resources, global warming, the exploitation of human beings, the global economic crises, and the military might needed to enforce the free flow of capital, al these call for a common, emancipatory articulation of local struggles. However, the creation of a larger empowering discourse requires the formation of a cognitive mapping whereby different local struggles can identify and map the structural source of their oppression. In this paper I argue that recent approaches to globalisation from the perspective of complexity theory and recent developments in cognitive linguistics and poetics, can help to construct a cognitive mapping of contemporary postcolonial poetry that enables us to scrutinise the impact of global capitalism on the loca context. Complexity theory and cognitive theories regard language as rooted in human perception of a complex and dynamic environment. Cognitive mapping articulates the reader's bodily experience to the writer's embodied conceptualisations of the effects of global capitalism on their land. In this way modernity can be redefined in more democratic terms that incorporate the voice of the marginalised and the oppressed.

Combating Malaria

2011 ◽  
pp. 66-86
Author(s):  
Narjès Bellamine-BenSaoud ◽  
Fatima Rateb
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Human Actors ◽  
Cyclic Fluctuation ◽  
The Impact

In this chapter, we investigate how complexity theory and more particularly how agent-based modeling and simulation can benefit the explanation of the impact of education on malaria health care in Haiti. Our model includes: (1) the environment, encompassing mainly cities, roads, hospitals and schools; (2) the agents, modeling the human actors, who can be safe or infected by malaria disease according to their location in the environment; and (3) a modelled agent can also be mobile or not, can reproduce, and can die. We run four kinds of experiments over a 50-year period each. Our main emerging results are growing total agent, susceptible, and immune populations in a “cyclic” fluctuation form. Furthermore, we confirm the positive impact of both education and hospitals in combating malaria disease.

Innovations in Modeling Social Good: A Demonstration With Juvenile Justice Intervention

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-185
Author(s):  
JoAnn S. Lee ◽  
Michael Wolf-Branigin
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Social Good ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Using agent-based modeling (ABM) within a complexity theory framework provides an alternative and promising method for significantly advancing the study of social good. Complexity theory is a systems approach based on the idea that aggregate patterns arise from the interactions of agents and their environments. Such systems operate according to a set of simple rules, and patterns emerge from these simple interactions that sometimes cannot be predicted by examining those interactions alone. ABM is a computational approach that simulates the interactions of autonomous agents with each other and their environments (social and/or physical). Methods: We adapted the Rebellion model from the NetLogo software library to demonstrate the potential of this approach to measure social good. Specifically, we examine the impact of variables related to juvenile justice involvement on the converse of social good, social exclusion, which in this model was conceptualized as the lack of educational attainment among youth at risk of juvenile justice involvement. After designing our ABM, we ran a total of 2400 simulations where we systematically varied key variables, including arrest risk and maximum sentence. Results: We report the descriptive statistics from our simulations for key output variables in the ABM, including percent socially excluded and average accumulated jail time, and demonstrate the usefulness of this method by identifying nonlinear, bivariate associations across the simulations. Conclusion: Our model demonstrates the usefulness of an innovative methodological approach, complexity theory, coupled with an innovative technology, ABM, in developing policies and programs that will maximize social good.

scholarly journals Complexity Theory: Artificial Intelligence System Help Safety Improvement in the Next Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (09) ◽  
pp. 362-368
Author(s):  
Shahad Faisal Halabi
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Complexity Theory ◽  
High Performance ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Western World ◽  
Intelligence System ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
The Impact

As the coronavirus pandemic spread from Asia to the western world, drug discovery came to a near standstill. Most laboratories shut down and instruments and reagents were left untouched, except for the most essential work. The pandemic forced large and small companies, regulatory and government agencies, and academia to tap into technology, particularly artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), for providing more than just speed and efficiency. This essay aims to dig deeply in complexity theory to help improve safety and reduce the impact of the next pandemic. It is based on implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) to provide the safer complex theory with an example of the current situation of COVID-19. While there are no shortcuts around scientific rigor and experimentation, AI can certainly accelerate the discovery of new drugs particularly when combined with high-performance computing (HPC) and quantum computing. Evaluating new AI technologies, particularly in areas of drug discovery where there are few demonstrations of success, can be a real challenge. It is considered that safety improvement of alert systems and the risk factors, in order to organize the safety of health facilities and control the hospital environment before the potential pandemic develops. Here, we will try to apply complexity theory in our dealing with future pandemics based on the situation analysis of previous experiences.

Missed nursing care and complexity theory: a conceptual paper

2021 ◽  
pp. 174498712110130
Author(s):  
Rania Ali Albsoul ◽  
Gerard FitzGerald ◽  
James A Hughes ◽  
Muhammad Ahmed Alshyyab
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Nurse Managers ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Missed Care ◽  
Missed Nursing Care ◽  
The Impact

Background Missed nursing care is a complex healthcare problem. Extant literature in this area identifies several interventions that can be used in acute hospital settings to minimise the impact of missed nursing care. However, controversy still exists as to the effectiveness of these interventions on reducing the occurrence of missed nursing care. Aim This theoretical paper aimed to provide a conceptual understanding of missed nursing care using complexity theory. Methods The method utilised for this paper is based on a literature review on missed care and complexity theory in healthcare. Results We found that the key virtues of complexity theory relevant to the missed nursing care phenomenon were adaptation and self-organisation, non-linear interactions and history. It is suggested that the complex adaptive systems approach may be more useful for nurse managers to inform and prepare nurses to meet uncertain encounters in their everyday clinical practice and therefore reduce instances of missed care. Conclusions This paper envisions that it is time that methods used to explore missed care changed. Strategies proposed in this paper may have an important impact on the ability of nursing staff to provide quality and innovative healthcare in the modern healthcare system.

An Exploratory Theoretical Framework for Understanding Information Behaviour

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Osemeke Mosindi ◽  
Petia Sice
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Information Behaviour ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Actor ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Recent trends in researching Information Behaviour in organisations show that the initial focus on technology has shifted to cognitive methods that take the individual into account, but more recently there has been a move to the social sciences approach. Literature shows that this approach has been informative but rather theoretic as there has been limited work using this approach to handle information problems in organisations. There is a need to develop and test theories to help understand Information Behaviour in organisations in a social science context that gives direct benefits to the organisation. It is useful to view organisations as complex social networks of interactions, where importance is put on the relationships between people in the organisations, as well as on the individual actor. A need exists to evaluate and connect insights from social sciences communities of practice, and complexity theory. This paper explores insights from these theories and develops a conceptual framework for understanding Information Behaviour in organisations. Data collection is in a preliminary stage, reflections and observations, of the researcher and a few participants. The intention is to provoke thoughts along the lines of seeking to use a synergy between theories that can offer different and useful platforms to help better understand the impact of information behaviour on organizational culture.

scholarly journals Complexity in the Kitchen

2019 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 00007
Author(s):  
Joseph T. Foley ◽  
Lindy Puik ◽  
Erik Puik ◽  
Joseph Smith ◽  
David S. Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Technological Systems ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
Large Complex System ◽  
The Impact

Axiomatic Design and Complexity theory are often applied to highly complex and technological systems which provide educators with many engineering examples and case studies. The use of Axiomatic Design is applicable outside of these areas. However, there are not many examples outside of these areas. As a result, students often have trouble understanding the breadth and impact of Axiomatic Design’s application to problem-solving. One large complex system that is often overlooked is that of the kitchen. In this paper, we present different food-related preparation tasks that are inherently complex: cooking a turkey, baking an apple pie, reverse-engineering a recipe, and designing ecologically-minded food packaging while also discussing the impact of prepared food’s packaging approaches on the environment. The authors believe such examples demonstrate Axiomatic Design’s applicability in a new aspect that is approachable to a wide audience.

Risk and complexity – on complex risk management

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
Jan Emblemsvåg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Content Type ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face ◽  
Margin Of Safety ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Industries lament the current situation of approaches that have resulted in huge losses in the face of complex risks. The purpose of this study is therefore to review complexity theory in the context of risk management so that it is possible to research better approaches for managing complex risks. Design/methodology/approach The approach is to review complexity theory and highlight those aspects of complexity theory that have relevance for risk management. Then, the paper ends with a discussion on what direction of research that will be most promising for the aforementioned purpose. Findings The paper finds that the most challenging aspect is to identify the weak signals, and this implies that the current approaches of estimating probabilities are not going to produce the desired results. Big data may hold a solution in the future, but with legislation such as the General Data Protection Regulation, this seems impossible to implement on ethical grounds. Hence, the most prudent approach is to use a margin of safety as advocated by Graham roughly 70 years ago. Indeed, the approach may be to assume that a disaster will take place and use risk management tools to estimate the impact for a given object. Research limitations/implications The literature review is a summary of a much larger work, and in so doing, the resulting simplification may run the risk of missing out on important details. However, with this risk in mind, the review holds rich enough discussion on complexity to be relevant for research about complex risk management. Practical implications The current implication for practice is that the paper strongly supports the notion of using a margin of safety as advocated by Graham and his most famous disciple Warren Buffet. This comes from the fact that because context is king, risk management approaches must be applied in their right domain. There is no one right way. In the future, the goal is to develop a quantitative approach that can help the industry in pricing complex risks. Originality/value The main contribution of the paper is to bring complexity theory more into the domain of risk management with sufficient details that should allow researchers to get conceptual ideas about what might work or not concerning complex risk management. If nothing else, it would be a significant contribution of the paper if it could help increasing the interest in complexity theory.

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