A Survey on Visible Light Communication Standards

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Jian Chen ◽  
Tian Liu ◽  
Tao Shu
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Real World ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Multimedia Traffic ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
New Era ◽  
Audio Video

With the rapid increase of high-fidelity audio, video, and multimedia traffic in the new era of 5G and beyond, the current Wi-Fi solution exhibits more and more limitations. Crowded spectrum is creating realistic bottlenecks in the deployment of Wi-Fi, some of which can be well alleviated by the Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) technology. High transmission rate, wide bandwidth, no electromagnetic interference, and no health hazards have made Li-Fi an attractive technique for future smallcell communication. The emerging standardization of visible light communication (VLC) facilitates the acceleration of the development of Li-Fi technology and will eventually deliver real-world Li-Fi deployments. This article overviews the recent progress on VLC standardization and presents the mainstream VLC standards created by different standardization organizations.

scholarly journals A Time-Overlapping Multiplex VLC System for End-Edge Data Transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tingting Fu ◽  
Huanghong Zhu ◽  
Han Hai ◽  
Haksrun Lao
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Radio Communications ◽  
Environmental Light ◽  
New Type

Communication is one of the most important foundations in the Internet of Things. Although some cutting-edge technologies, such as 5G, have greatly empowered edge computing, electromagnetic interference and pollution make them impracticable in many environments. The visible light communication (VLC) is a new type of wireless communication technology with appealing benefits not presented in radio communications. VLC allows a lamp or other light source to not only serve as illumination but also simultaneously transmit data. Although traditional VLC multiplexing technologies have been able to achieve a high-speed data transmission rate, they require all receivers to use the same modulation means. In many scenarios, various-type receivers coexist; it is costly to incorporate multiple senders to implement adaptive content distribution in on-demand services. In this paper, we propose a new type of VLC multiplexing system, which realizes end-edge data transmission through pulse position modulation (PPM), pulse width modulation (PWM), and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) simultaneously. Therefore, one edge server can serve multiple types of end-users without interference. In order to evaluate the performance of the system, we conduct experiments with different settings of communication distance, communication angle, and different environmental light conditions. For three modulations, the proposed system can achieve a transmission speed three times as that for a single modulation, and reach the accuracy rate of up to 99% within the proper communication range.

scholarly journals Research and Prospect on Key Technologies of Indoor Positioning Based on Visible Light Communication

2022 ◽  
Vol 2160 (1) ◽  
pp. 012074
Author(s):  
Yong Cao ◽  
Yifan Zheng ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Yanbo Liu ◽  
Yi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Modulation Method ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
White Led ◽  
Wireless Positioning ◽  
Modulation Methods

Abstract Indoor positioning has become a research hotspot because of its important application value in industrial production and daily life. Traditional wireless positioning technologies such as Wi Fi and Bluetooth are difficult to achieve high-precision indoor positioning due to electromagnetic interference and multipath effect. The modulated white LED can not only meet the needs of lighting, but also transmit the location information to achieve high-precision indoor positioning. This paper first introduces several modulation methods commonly used in visible light positioning system, compares the characteristics of different modulation methods, and proposes a modulation method suitable for visible light positioning; Then, two demodulation methods of the visible light positioning system are introduced and discussed; After that, several visible light location algorithms are introduced, and the performance of each algorithm is analyzed in detail; Finally, the problems in visible light positioning are discussed and prospected.

scholarly journals Experimental Demonstration of Single-Channel EEG Signal Using 32 × 32 Pixel OLED Screen and Camera

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetika Aggarwal ◽  
Xuewu Dai ◽  
Reza Saatchi ◽  
Richard Binns ◽  
Ajay Sikandar
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Optical Wireless ◽  
Implementation Cost ◽  
Single Lens ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Currently, the radiofrequency (RF)-based wireless technology deployed in electroencephalography (EEG) to diagnose brain diseases suffers from frequency spectrum and electromagnetic interference, and might also have adverse effects on the health of patients and equipment used in hospitals, especially in RF-restricted zones like intensive care units (ICUs). Optical wireless communication (OWC), specifically visible light communication (VLC), is featured in 5G network to complement the radiofrequency (RF) technologies due to the fact that huge unlicensed bandwidth and available infrastructure, both indoor and outdoor, reduces the implementation cost. The conventional VLC systems deploy photodiodes as receivers, requiring hardware and infrastructure modifications in addition to smaller field of view (FOV), but the use of cameras reduce the infrastructure cost due to inbuilt filters and a wider FOV coverage gives the ability to scale a larger area. The wider FOV and the movement of camera rotation, without any additional adjustments to maintain the line-of-sight (LOS), allows the patient to be anywhere within the room and FOV. This paper demonstrates a novel healthcare system for EEG using visible light optical camera communication (VL-OCC), where a 32 × 32 pixel OLED screen acts as transmitter and the receiver section consists of several different cameras such as digital single-lens reflex camera (DLSR), android smartphone, and Thorlabs camera. The experiments were performed in LOS deploying on-off keying (OOK) modulation at several distant measurements to determine the system reliability and stability through bit error rate (BER) performance. The proposed system results depict that the DSLR camera outperforms the smartphone and Thorlabs cameras, as it is capable of transmitting an error free bit rate of 2.8 kbps at 30 fps up to 5.5 m.

The Research of High-Level Modulation in Visible Light Communication

2013 ◽  
Vol 850-851 ◽  
pp. 516-519
Author(s):  
Zi Qiang Hao ◽  
Hong Zuo Li ◽  
Ting Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Bandwidth Efficiency ◽  
High Level

Visible light communication system using light emitting diode as light source, the system has the dual role of lighting and communication, thereby greatly saving energy .The bandwidth of LED modulation is a major obstacle to development of VLC technology. Researchers have put forward a variety of techniques to extend the modulation bandwidth and improve the transmission rate, such as Blu-ray filtering, equalization, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, high ray modulation format, the wavelength division multiplexing technology, discrete multi-tone modulation and so on. The transmission rate of VLC system can be greatly improved by a combination of these techniques in a technical or several techniques. This paper analyzes the effect of OFDM technology each sub-carrier modulation with MQAM to visible light communication. It gives a brief introduction of the visible light communication system; it also shows the average power spectral density and error rate from SIMULINK simulation. It proves further the high-level quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) with higher bandwidth efficiency and smaller error rate, the bandwidth efficiency of 256QAM modulation is the twice of 16QAM modulation.

scholarly journals Data Transmission using Visible Light Communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-195
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Serial Communication ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Light Spectrum

The demand placed on wireless technology which uses Radio Frequency (RF) in the present society is growing exponentially. In the near future, due to the limited bandwidth of RF spectrum, these resources will reach an overload point. A technique of contradicting the radio frequency spectrum issue is the use of Visible Light Spectrum. Light-Fidelity (Li-Fi) is a research field which uses the visible light band within the Visible Light Communication (VLC). This paper describes the research about VLC, the design method and testing of a VLC prototype using UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) module. The design method consists of serial communication module written in python called pySerial to convert the file data to stream of bits to be sent via LED. The designed prototype is simple, cheap and provides a concrete base for fellow researchers to work further in this field. The principle of VLC is effectively exhibited in this prototype. Also, the feasibility of writing the codes in Python language, proper electronic components used to process bit wise data signals and advantages of serial communication for data transfer are successfully displayed. VLC has major application in indoor communication, underwater communication and in hospitals where radio waves causes Electromagnetic Interference.

scholarly journals STUDI AWAL RANCANGAN BIDIRECTIONAL-MULTIUSER PADA VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION UNTUK APLIKASI DALAM RUANG (INDOOR)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Syifaul Fuada
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Directional Transmission ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
The Many ◽  
Transmission Speed

ABSTRAK Visible Light Communication (VLC) atau komunikasi cahaya tampak merupakan teknologi yang sedang on fire selama beberapa tahun ini dan diasumsikan akan terus berlanjut beberapa dekade kedepan karena banyak kelebihan yang ditawarkan, yakni telah tersedia infrastruktur utama berupa lampu penerangan sehingga bersifat cost-effective, bebas lisensi, lebih aman (secure), kecepatan transmisi mencapai GHz, dan tidak memiliki interferensi elektromagnetik. Karena VLC adalah teknologi yang relatif baru, maka standar komunikasinya juga cenderung berkembang ialah standar IEEE 802.15.17 yang terpublikasi akhir tahun 2010 lalu. Standar ini masih mengajukan teknik modulasi dan juga komunikasi pada skenario point-to-point namun sampai saat ini belum mengakomodasi sistem komunikasi dengan skenario Multiuser sekaligus transmisi Bi-directional. Makalah ini merupakan proposal rancangan dalam rangka mendesain sistem VLC secara bi-directional (uplink dan downlink) yang mampu dipakai pada skema multiuser dengan kecepatan bitrate pada downlink mencapai 1 Mbps untuk aplikasi dalam ruang (indoor). Makalah ini terbagi menjadi beberapa bagian pembahasan. Pertama mendefinisikan latar belakang akan dilakukannya sebuah penelitian untuk memperbaiki platform penelitian yang terdahulu dan kontribusinya. Bagian kedua memaparkan penelitian yang relevan beserta state of the art antara penelitian ini dengan lainnya. Bagian ketiga merinci teori dasar. Bagian keempat memaparkan metodologi penelitian dan terakhir adalah batasan masalah dan penutup.   ABSTRACT Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a technology that has been on fire for several years and it is assumed to continue in the next few decades because of the many advantages offered, namely the main infrastructure in the form of lighting so that it is cost-effective, free license, safer (Secure), the transmission speed reaches GHz, and has no electromagnetic interference. Since VLC is a relatively new technology, its communication standards also tend to develop is the IEEE 802.15.17 standard published late 2010. This standard still proposes modulation techniques as well as communications in the point-to-point scenario but until now has not accommodated the communication system with Multiuser scenario as well as Bi-directional transmission. This paper is designed to design a bi-directional (uplink and downlink) VLC system that can be used on multiuser schemes with bitrate speeds downlink of up to 1 Mbps for indoor applications. This paper is divided into several parts of the discussion. First define the background of a research to improve the previous research platform and its contribution. The second part describes the relevant research along with the state of the art between this study and others. The third section details basic theories. The fourth section describes the methodology of research and the last is the limitation of the problem and the conclusion. How to Cite : Fuada, S. (2017). STUDI AWAL RANCANGAN BIDIRECTIONAL-MULTIUSER PADA VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION UNTUK APLIKASI DALAM RUANG (INDOOR). Jurnal Teknik Informatika, 10(1), 27-36. doi:10.15408/jti.v10i1.6813 Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jti.v10i1.6813

scholarly journals A Low-Cost Visible Light Positioning System for Indoor Positioning

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Torres ◽  
Aitor Montes ◽  
Sandra Mendoza ◽  
Pedro Fernández ◽  
Juan Betancourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Time To Market ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Positioning Systems

Currently, a high percentage of the world’s population lives in urban areas, and this proportion will increase in the coming decades. In this context, indoor positioning systems (IPSs) have been a topic of great interest for researchers. On the other hand, Visible Light Communication (VLC) systems have advantages over RF technologies; for instance, they do not need satellite signals or the absence of electromagnetic interference to achieve positioning. Nowadays, in the context of Indoor Positioning (IPS), Visible Light Positioning (VLP) systems have become a strong alternative to RF-based systems, allowing the reduction in costs and time to market. This paper shows a low cost VLP solution for indoor systems. This includes multiple programmable beacons and a receiver which can be plugged to a smartphone running a specific app. The position information will be quickly and securely available through the interchange between the receiver and any configurable LED-beacon which is strategically disposed in an area. The implementation is simple, inexpensive, and no direct communication with any data server is required.

scholarly journals Adaptive Software Defined Equalization Techniques for Indoor Visible Light Communication

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1618
Author(s):  
Radek Martinek ◽  
Lukas Danys ◽  
Rene Jaros
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Real World ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Qr Decomposition ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Programming Environment ◽  
Least Mean Squares ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Software Defined Radios ◽  
Modular Platform

This paper focuses on a channel feed-forward software defined equalization (FSDE) of visible light communication (VLC) multistate quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) based system, implemented in the LabVIEW programming environment. A highly modular platform is introduced; the whole experiment is simulated in software and then thoroughly explored and analyzed during practical measurements in the laboratory, simulating real-world situations. The whole platform is based on modified National Instruments software defined radios (NI SDR) and a commercially available Philips light source, often used in Czech government institutions. Three FSDE algorithms were tested: least mean squares (LMS), normalized least mean squares (NLMS), and QR decomposition based RLS (QR-RLS). Based on measurements, QR-RLS provides the best results, improving measured values by up to 10%. The experiments also show that the simulated results are very similar to real measurements, thus proving the validity of the chosen approach. The whole platform manages to improve measured data simply by making changes to the software side of the testing prototype.

scholarly journals A Block Bi-Diagonalization-Based Pre-Coding for Indoor Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output-Visible Light Communication System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabu Subramani ◽  
Ganesh Babu Rajendran ◽  
Jewel Sengupta ◽  
Rocío Pérez de Prado ◽  
Parameshachari Bidare Divakarachari
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Communication Performance ◽  
Optical Wireless Communications ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output

Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a promising field in optical wireless communications, which uses the illumination infrastructure for data transmission. The important features of VLC are electromagnetic interference-free, license-free, etc. Additionally, Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) techniques are enabled in the VLC for enhancing the limited modulation bandwidth by its spectral efficiency. The data transmission through the MIMO-VLC system is corrupted by different interferences, namely thermal noise, shot noise and phase noise, which are caused by the traditional fluorescent light. In this paper, an effective precoding technique, namely Block Bi-Diagonalization (BBD), is enabled to mitigate the interference occurring in the indoor MIMO-VLC communications. Besides, a Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is used to modulate the signal before transmission. Here, the indoor MIMO-VLC system is developed to analyze the communication performance under noise constraints. The performance of the proposed system is analyzed in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) and throughput. Furthermore, the performances are compared with three different existing methods such as OAP, FBM and NRZ-OOK-LOS. The BER value of the proposed system of scenario 1 is 0.0501 at 10 dB, which is less than that of the FBM technique.

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