Prevention of Opioid Abuse and Treatment of Opioid Addiction: Current Status and Future Possibilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinam Park ◽  
Andrew Otte
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Dramatic Rise ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Opioid Medications ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Prescription opioid medications have seen a dramatic rise in misuse and abuse, leading regulators and scientists to develop policies and abuse-deterrent technologies to combat the current opioid epidemic. These abuse-deterrent formulations (ADFs) are intended to deter physical and chemical tampering of opioid-based products, while still providing safe and effective delivery for therapeutic purposes. Even though formulations with varying abuse-deterrent technologies have been approved, questions remain about their effectiveness. While these formulations provide a single means to combat the epidemic, a greater emphasis should be placed on formulations for treatment of addiction and overdose to help those struggling with opioid dependence. This article analyzes various ADFs currently in clinical use and explores potential novel systems for treatment of addiction and prevention of overdose.

scholarly journals Pharmacists’ Role in Opioid Safety: A Focus Group Investigation

Pain Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1799-1806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M Hartung ◽  
Jennifer Hall ◽  
Sarah N Haverly ◽  
David Cameron ◽  
Lindsey Alley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Focus Group Data ◽  
Opioid Medications

Abstract Objective The pharmacist’s role and responsibilities in addressing the opioid epidemic have yet to be clearly defined, particularly from the patient’s point of view. This qualitative study explores the pharmacist’s role in promoting opioid safety from the perspective of pharmacists and patients. Design Focus groups. Setting Patient groups were held in person, and pharmacist groups were held online. Subjects Oregon pharmacists (N = 19, Mage = 39.0 years, range = 26–57 years, 58% female) and patients (N = 18, Mage = 60.1 years, range = 30–77 years, 71% female) with current experience dispensing or receiving opioid medications. Methods Pharmacists were asked about the challenges and opportunities for opioid safety monitoring and prescription dispensing. Patients were asked about their experiences accessing care, medications, and safety information. Focus group data were analyzed by a multidisciplinary team using an immersion-crystallization approach. Results Pharmacists and patients agreed that pharmacists are responsible for medication safety. Pharmacists expressed discomfort filling potentially high-risk opioid prescriptions and noted barriers such as lack of clinical information and discomfort policing high-risk prescribing. Patients were concerned about pharmacists potentially overstepping their professional responsibilities by interfering with prescribers’ clinical decisions. Conclusions Feedback from both pharmacists and patient participants suggests that there is uncertainty in the degree to which pharmacists can and should confront the prescription opioid epidemic directly. Ambiguities in the pharmacist’s role may be best clarified through structured training promoting enhanced between-party communication.

Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Biosynthesised Silver and Gold Nanoparticles for Medical Applications: Mechanism of Action, Toxicity and Current Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundos Suleman Ismail Abdalla ◽  
Haliza Katas ◽  
Fazren Azmi ◽  
Mohd Fauzi Mh Busra
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Silver And Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characterization ◽  
Biosynthesized Agnps ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Bio Synthesis

Fast progress in nanoscience and nanotechnology has contributed to the way in which people diagnose, combat, and overcome various diseases differently from the conventional methods. Metal nanoparticles, mainly silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively), are currently developed for many applications in the medical and pharmaceutical area including as antibacterial, antibiofilm as well as anti-leshmanial agents, drug delivery systems, diagnostics tools, as well as being included in personal care products and cosmetics. In this review, the preparation of AgNPs and AuNPs using different methods is discussed, particularly the green or bio- synthesis method as well as common methods used for their physical and chemical characterization. In addition, the mechanisms of the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of AgNPs and AuNPs are discussed, along with the toxicity of both nanoparticles. The review will provide insight into the potential of biosynthesized AgNPs and AuNPs as antimicrobial nanomaterial agents for future use.

scholarly journals Biased ligands at opioid receptors: Current status and future directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (677) ◽  
pp. eaav0320
Author(s):  
Tao Che ◽  
Hemlata Dwivedi-Agnihotri ◽  
Arun K. Shukla ◽  
Bryan L. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Receptors ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Biased Agonism ◽  
Opioid Ligands ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Ligand Discovery ◽  
Opioid Medications

The opioid crisis represents a major worldwide public health crisis that has accelerated the search for safer and more effective opioids. Over the past few years, the identification of biased opioid ligands capable of eliciting selective functional responses has provided an alternative avenue to develop novel therapeutics without the side effects of current opioid medications. However, whether biased agonism or other pharmacological properties, such as partial agonism (or low efficacy), account for the therapeutic benefits remains questionable. Here, we provide a summary of the current status of biased opioid ligands that target the μ- and κ-opioid receptors and highlight advances in preclinical and clinical trials of some of these ligands. We also discuss an example of structure-based biased ligand discovery at the μ-opioid receptor, an approach that could revolutionize drug discovery at opioid and other receptors. Last, we briefly discuss caveats and future directions for this important area of research.

Causal inference for evaluating prescription opioid abuse using trend‐in‐trend design

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 716-725
Author(s):  
Nabarun Dasgupta ◽  
John Schwarz ◽  
Sean Hennessy ◽  
Askhan Ertefaie ◽  
Richard C. Dart
Keyword(s):  
Causal Inference ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Prescription Opioid Abuse

The Underrecognized Toll of Prescription Opioid Abuse on Young Children

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Elise Bailey ◽  
Elizabeth Campagna ◽  
Richard C. Dart
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Prescription Opioid Abuse

scholarly journals Patient characteristics associated with buprenorphine/naloxone treatment outcome for prescription opioid dependence: Results from a multisite study

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Dreifuss ◽  
Margaret L. Griffin ◽  
Katherine Frost ◽  
Garrett M. Fitzmaurice ◽  
Jennifer Sharpe Potter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Naloxone Treatment

A Review on Prescription Drug Monitoring Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
Someshwar D. Mankar ◽  
Abhijit S. Navale ◽  
Suraj R. Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Prescription Drug Monitoring Program ◽  
Prescription Opioid Abuse

Nowadays Prescription Opioid Abuse has become a serious problem, to monitor and reduce Opioid Abuse most of countries developed Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP). Regarding to this we conduct a systematic review to understanding the PDMP impact in order to reduce Opioid Abuse and improving prescriber practices. This review can help to guide efforts to better response to the Opioid crises.

scholarly journals Estimating the health care burden of prescription opioid abuse in five European countries

2015 ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amie Shei ◽  
Matthew Hirst ◽  
Noam Kirson ◽  
Caroline Enloe ◽  
Howard Birnbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Care Burden ◽  
Health Care Burden ◽  
Prescription Opioid Abuse
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