Designing Evidence-Based Preventive Interventions That Reach More People, Faster, and with More Impact in Global Contexts

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 551-575
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Opinion Leader ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Routine Data Collection

This article demonstrates the substantial similarities globally among preventive, evidence-based interventions (EBIs) designed to address HIV by providing four examples: an HIV family-focused intervention, the Community Popular Opinion Leader intervention, a South African maternal/child health program, and an EBI for sex workers in India. Each identified the key problems in the target population, utilized well-established social cognitive theories, created processes for engaging the target population, set standards for staff accountability, and included routine data collection to facilitate iterative program improvements over time. Building EBIs based on these common, robust features is an alternative design strategy to replication with fidelity. These components provide a road map for researchers, especially those using new technologies, and for local providers seeking to deliver EBIs that match their clients’ and communities’ needs. Technology platforms and community organizations may serve as resources for designers of the next generation of EBIs, offering an alternative to repeatedly validating the same interventions and replicating them with fidelity.

Cancer screening. Current state of the problem

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Marina Kochiyeva
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Current State ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Based Medicine

Data on modern methodological approaches that are used in screening for cancer are summarized. General principles of organizing screening studies are examined from the perspective of evidence-based medicine, target population, research methods, and effectiveness of the implemented screening programs for breast cancer, cervical cancer, and colon cancer are determined.

scholarly journals Using Inclusive Design to Develop a Tele–Tai Chi Intervention for Older Adults With Long-Term Mobility Disability

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 599-600
Author(s):  
Tracy Mitzner ◽  
Elena Remillard ◽  
Kara Cohen ◽  
Jordan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Software Developer ◽  
Master Trainer ◽  
Evidence Based Programs ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Tele-technologies may be able to increase access to evidence-based exercise interventions for adults aging with long-term mobility disabilities. This population experiences substantial barriers in attending such programs in person, including lack of transportation to classes, inaccessible buildings where classes are held, and lack of appropriate modifications offered for this population of older adults. It is critical to overcome such barriers to ensure this population has an opportunity to receive the benefits of evidence-based programs. In this study we are translating an in-person evidence-based tai chi intervention, Tai Chi for Arthritis, to an online platform using videoconferencing software for those aging with long-term mobility disabilities. We will describe our approach of including users from the target population and industry representatives (videoconferencing software developer, Tai Chi for Arthritis program developer as well as local master trainer) in the adaptation of the intervention and present the key findings from doing so.

scholarly journals HIV testing and its associated factors among street-based female sex workers in Iran: results of a national rapid assessment and response survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Ahmadi ◽  
Mehrdad Khezri ◽  
Payam Roshanfekr ◽  
Salah Eddin Karimi ◽  
Meroe Vameghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Multivariable Model ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Self Testing

Abstract Background Female sex workers (FSWs) are at a disproportionate risk of sexually transmitted infections and they may face significant barriers to HIV testing. This study aimed to examine HIV testing prevalence and its associated factors among street-based FSWs in Iran. Method A total of 898 FSWs were recruited from 414 venues across 19 major cities in Iran between October 2016 and March 2017. Eligible FSWs were women aged 18 years of age who had at least one commercial sexual intercourse in the previous year. HIV testing was defined as having tested for HIV in the lifetime. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the correlates of HIV testing. We report adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Result Overall, 57.8% (95%CI: 20.0, 88.0) of participants reported having tested for HIV, and HIV prevalence among FSWs who tested for HIV was 10.3% (95%CI: 7.5, 13.0). The multivariable model showed that unstable housing (aOR: 8.86, 95%CI: 2.68, 29.32) and drug use (aOR: 3.47, 95%CI: 1.33, 9.06) were associated with increased likelihood of HIV testing. However, FSWs with a higher level of income were less likely to be tested for HIV (aOR: 0.09, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.43). Conclusion Almost one in ten street-based FSWs had never tested for HIV. These findings suggest the need for evidence-based strategies such as outreach support and HIV self-testing to improve HIV testing in this marginalized population.

Implementing evidence-based practice: evaluation of an opinion leader strategy to improve breast-feeding rates

2004 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E Sisk ◽  
Ann Lennarson Greer ◽  
Martha Wojtowycz ◽  
Lani B Pincus ◽  
Richard H Aubry
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Opinion Leader ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Feeding Rates

Radiotherapy research activity and radiographer involvement in the UK

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Davies ◽  
Christine Rawlings
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Further Development

AbstractIn the UK, radiotherapy research is being conducted at national and international levels which include multi-centre clinical trials. Local initiatives and trials are also ongoing where work is being performed to develop techniques or protocols for new technologies and service development. Active participation within these studies is now leading to a culture change with radiographers (radiation therapists) becoming an integral part of the research process. There are currently 70 radiographers in the UK participating in research. This accounts for 2.5% of the UK profession. With the extension of role diversification, research radiographers are undertaking many new roles; however, there is still scope for further development. The therapists’ role in working within this research environment is to ensure improved standards of care focussed on evidence-based practice.

Assessing Reliable and Clinically Significant Change on Health of the Nation Outcome Scales: Method for Displaying Longitudinal Data

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Parabiaghi ◽  
Angelo Barbato ◽  
Barbara D'avanzo ◽  
Arcadio Erlicher ◽  
Antonio Lora
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Community Mental Health Services ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Clinically Significant Change ◽  
Real Change ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Routine Data Collection

Objective: Many authors recommended that reliable and clinically significant change (RCSC) should be calculated when reporting results of interventions. To test the reliability of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) in identifying RCSC, we applied the Jacobson and Truax model to two HoNOS assessments in a large group of people evaluated in 10 community mental health services in Lombardy, Italy, in 2000. Method: The HoNOS was administered to 9817 patients; of these, 4759 (48%) were re-assessed. Reliable change (RC) was calculated using Cronbach's alpha ( α), as a parameter of the reliability of the measure. Clinical significance cut-offs were calculated using a classification of severity based on HoNOS items. Results: In the whole sample, the clinical improvement cut-off was 11 and the remission cut-off was 5. Considering the severe patients, the clinical improvement cut-off was 12. The RC index calculated on the whole group and on the subgroup of severe patients indicated that eight-point and seven-point changes, respectively, were needed to be confident that a real change had occurred. Longitudinal changes were depicted on two-dimensional graphs as examples of reporting RCSC on HoNOS total scores in a routine data collection: 91.6% of the whole sample (4361) was stable, 5.6% (269) improved and 1.8% (129) worsened. Conclusion: Our study proposes a methodological framework for computing RCSC normative data on a widely used outcome scale and for identifying different degrees of clinical change.

scholarly journals Informing progress towards race equality in mental healthcare: is routine data collection adequate?

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
Routine Data Collection ◽  
Ethnicity Data ◽  
Ethnic Monitoring

The quality, completeness and coverage of ethnicity data in mental health services has long been regarded as unsatisfactory. The Department of Health's new 5-year action plan for delivering race equality in mental healthcare seeks to improve this key building block by setting out actions to improve both the quality of information and its analysis and dissemination. However, those that are tangible and specific are few: annual surveys of service users, national censuses of mental health in-patients and tables of National Confidential Inquiry suicide cases and in-patient deaths by ethnicity. The opportunity to seek improvements in the quality and coverage of key routine data-sets such as ethnic monitoring in primary care and the Hospital Episode Statistics database has not been seized. Moreover, the plan does not mention proposed changes in civil registration (births and deaths) and the coroner service and their potential benefit. The continuing gaps in the information base justify a stronger emphasis on the processes necessary to bring about change rather than on what ethnic monitoring should provide.

Which psychosocial interventions improve sex worker well-being? A systematic review of evidence from resource-rich countries

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjsrh-2021-201028
Author(s):  
Kevin Turner ◽  
Jane Meyrick ◽  
Danny Miller ◽  
Laura Stopgate
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

ObjectiveTo establish the state of the evidence base around psychosocial interventions that support well-being in sex workers in order to inform policy and practice within a resource-rich geographical context.MethodsPublished and unpublished studies were identified through electronic databases (PsychINFO, CINHAL Plus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and Open Grey), hand searching and contacting relevant organisations and experts in the field. Studies were included if they were conducted in high-income settings with sex workers or people engaging in exchange or transactional sex, and evaluated the effect of a psychosocial intervention with validated psychological or well-being measures or through qualitative evaluation.ResultsA total of 19 202 studies were identified of which 10 studies met the eligibility criteria. The heterogeneity found dictated a narrative synthesis across studies. Overall, there was very little evidence of good quality to make clear evidence-based recommendations. Despite methodological limitations, the evidence as it stands suggests that peer health initiatives improve well-being in female street-based sex workers. Use of ecological momentary assessment (EMA), a diary-based method of collecting real-life behavioural data through the use of twice-daily questionnaires via a smartphone, increased self-esteem and behaviour change intentions.ConclusionsWork with sex workers should be based on an evidence-based approach. Limitations to the existing evidence and the constraints of this work with vulnerable groups are recognised and discussed.

Current Trends in Treatment Research and Practice

2018 ◽  
pp. 110-142
Author(s):  
Alan E. Kazdin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Treatment Research

This chapter discusses current trends in psychosocial treatment research and clinical practice. The chapter highlights four active areas in which intervention research and practice are changing: efforts to disseminate evidence-based psychosocial interventions, to integrate physical and mental health care services, to develop treatments (transtreatments) that can be used to treat multiple disorders, and to exploit the range of new technologies available (e.g., Internet, apps) as a way of providing interventions. These areas of research are among those most relevant to the goals of this book, namely, providing interventions in ways that can reduce the burdens of mental illness.

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