New Horizons Observations of the Atmosphere of Pluto

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Randall Gladstone ◽  
Leslie A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Radiation Processing ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Current State ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Average State

New Horizons data provide a snapshot of the current state of Pluto's atmosphere. Winds are slow and mostly controlled by sublimation of surface ices. Molecular nitrogen is the primary constituent below 1,800 km, while methane and carbon monoxide are important minor species. Photolysis of these gases leads to a thin haze that encompasses Pluto from the surface up to >500-km altitude and is important in heating and cooling the atmosphere. A cold (∼70 K) upper atmosphere curtails the escape of Pluto's molecular nitrogen to space, although there is substantial escape of methane (∼5 × 1025 molecules s−1), coincidentally about equal to its loss by photochemistry. It is unknown if the current atmosphere is representative of its long-term average state. From the inferred rapid rate of haze settling, it seems that Pluto's atmosphere must occasionally undergo collapse to allow time for radiation processing of the colorless haze material into the dark deposits found on the surface. ▪ This article outlines what has been gleaned about Pluto's atmosphere in the years since the New Horizons flyby. ▪ Pluto's atmosphere is most similar to Titan's—with the photochemistry of supervolatile nitrogen and hydrocarbons resulting in a kind of factory for cold haze production. ▪ Much has been learned about Pluto's atmosphere, but many new questions have arisen, and these will likely remain unanswered until there is a follow-up mission—no doubt a long time from now.

Precision Prevention: The Current State and Future of Genomically Guided Cancer Prevention

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawal Kassem ◽  
Leigh Anne Stout ◽  
Cynthia Hunter ◽  
Bryan Schneider ◽  
Milan Radovich
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Cascade Testing ◽  
Current State ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Testing Uptake ◽  
Cancer Syndromes ◽  
Multidisciplinary Clinics

The identification of cancer-predisposing germline variants has potentially substantial clinical impact for patients and their families. Although management guidelines have been proposed for some genes, guidelines for other genes are lacking. This review focuses on the current surveillance and management guidelines for the most common hereditary cancer syndromes and discusses some of the most pivotal studies supporting the available guidelines. We also highlight the gaps in the identification of germline carriers, the cascade testing of at-risk relatives, and the challenges impeding the proper follow-up and optimal management of pathogenic germline carriers. The anticipated surge in the number of identified germline carriers, deficient management guidelines, poor cascade testing uptake, and long-term follow-up necessitate the development of multidisciplinary clinics as an obligatory step toward the improvement of cancer prevention.

“White Night”: Gentrification, Racial Exclusion, and Perceptions and Participation in the Arts

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Shaw ◽  
Daniel Monroe Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Arts Participation ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Racial Exclusion ◽  
Symbolic Economy ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Depth Interviews

Art festivals are a feature of many urban districts undergoing gentrification; they help to catalyze change by drawing a set of consumers with particular cultural interests. This article examines whether the arts produce racial exclusions by examining long–term Black and White residents’ participation in and perceptions of the monthly Last Thursday Art Walks in Portland's gentrifying Alberta Arts District. We use surveys to measure arts participation and follow–up, in–depth interviews to understand whether long–time residents feel excluded by the arts, and if race is a factor. We find that Black residents participate less in Last Thursdays than White residents, and they often feel uncomfortable or unwelcome. We conclude that the arts–anchored symbolic economy results in racial exclusions that have little to do with differences in arts appreciation, but much to do with perceptions of people associated with the arts, and with residents’ abilities to use the arts to identify with neighborhood changes.

scholarly journals Using the Administration to Update and Evaluate Urban Planning for Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 2476-2481
Author(s):  
Hadeel Mowafaaq Mahmood , Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
The City

The planning process takes place to face a number of challenges and obstacles that address and continue for a long time to form a plan that includes the fundamental changes in society and keep pace with population and urban growth, and planning and the formation of blueprints is a basis to meet the needs of society, but the passage of time to configure it to keep pace with growth and the speed of increasing population and technical growth, it requires research studies Faster to configure a re-planning of plans and studies as an alternative to re-planning and supporting them with follow-up and continuous evaluation processes that are among the basic components of management operations, which is the solution to reduce problems and shortcomings and support for planning processes as a current and long-term treatment The role of management is important to support the planning process in the presence of evaluation and follow-up to meet the requirements of the city and its expansion Urban development and development, and looking forward to the most prominent concepts and ways that decision-makers take with techniques and methods that make the city and the services provided to it in the best image that makes the city with urban development and urban management represented by the countries.

scholarly journals The Recovery Process of Postpartum Psychosis from Both the Woman’s and Next of Kin’s Perspective - An Interview Study in Sweden

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Engqvist ◽  
K. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Postpartum Psychosis ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Social Recovery

Objectives:The most serious type of psychiatric disorder in connection with childbirth is postpartum psychosis. With this disorder occasionally follows emotional rejection of the infant which has serious long term effect on mother and child. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of the recovery process of postpartum psychosis from the women, from the partners of the women, and their next of kin.Methods:Interviews were conducted with seven women, who had previously suffered postpartum psychosis, and six of their next of kin. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis.Results:Two categories emerged: the recovery process and the circumstances of the support provided. The women and their next of kin spoke about the turning point in the illness, their own personal as well as their social recovery, the importance of support not only from relatives and friends, but also from professionals, and the use of medication. However, the key to recovery was an internal decision by the women themselves.Conclusion:Conclusion is that the recovery from this severe mental disorder requires hard work and the key to their recovery was the decision made by the women. This disorder causes a mental darkness to descend, but at the start of the recovery a dim light shines in the dark tunnel. The nursing staff must be made aware that good sleep is important for the psychiatric treatment and that recovery may take a long time. The nurse needs to provide hope and encouragement, as well as help the woman to recognise the strength that exists within her. To reduce the risk of a recurrence of the disorder, the staff needs to offer follow up visits.

Predictors of Aortic Valve Repair Failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobby Yanagawa ◽  
Amine Mazine ◽  
Ismail El-Hamamsy
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Aortic Insufficiency ◽  
Aortic Valve Repair ◽  
Valve Repair ◽  
Current State ◽  
Annular Dilation

Aortic valve repair is the preferred approach for the treatment of severe aortic insufficiency (AI), as it allows patients to keep their native aortic valve, thus substantially reducing the risk of prosthesis-related complications. Several studies have documented excellent long-term outcomes of aortic valve repair. The major complication of this operation is AI recurrence, with ensuingneed for reoperation. The surgical experience accumulated over the last two decades has allowed for better understanding of the mechanisms of recurrent AI after aortic valve repair. Herein, we review the current state of knowledge on predictors of aortic valve repair failure. These include unaddressed annular dilation, residual cusp prolapse or retraction, commissural orientation, and use of patch material. This enhanced understanding has led to the development of increasingly refined techniques and improved patient outcomes. Continued follow-up and detailed data collection at the time of surgery, together with three-dimensional echo imaging, will allow further improvements in aortic valve repair.

Guest Editorial — Developmental Studies of Twins from Birth on: Heredity, Environment, Biomedical Variables, and Co-twin Relations

Twin Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-327
Author(s):  
Marilyn L. Riese
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Guest Editorial ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Long Time

AbstractThe reports in this section demonstrate several ways in which longitudinal research with twins is informative for the study of development. All of these twins have been followed for long time periods. These results are the latest stage of study for each. By virtue of their long-term nature, together these studies provide information on patterns and changes in several developmental areas from infancy to adulthood. They also document when specific variables no longer exert any influence on development. The first report, by Alin Akerman and Suurvee (“The Cognitive and Identity Development of Twins at 16 Years of Age: A Follow-up Study of 32 Twin Pairs”) is a study of twins followed from birth to 16 years of age. The second report, by Ebeling, Porkka, Penninkilampi-Kerola, Berg, Jarvi, and Moilanen (“Inter-twin Relationships and Mental Health”), is a study of twins followed from pregnancy to 22–30 years of age. The third report, by Lange (“Coping Ability at Midlife in Relation to Genetic and Environmental Influences at Adolescence”), is a study of twins and singletons followed from 10 to 16 years of age to 35 years of age. The section attests to the perseverance of these authors as researchers, and to the strength of the personal relationships of these authors with the individuals in their projects.

Primary Tumors of the Sacrum: Imaging Findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sambri Andrea ◽  
Fiore Michele ◽  
Giannini Claudio ◽  
Pipola Valerio ◽  
Zucchini Riccardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Tumors Of The Sacrum ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Sacral Bone ◽  
Ct And Mri

The diagnosis of sacral neoplasms is often delayed because they tend to remain clinically silent for a long time. Imaging is useful at all stages of managing sacral bone tumors: from the detection of the neoplasm to the long-term follow-up. Radiographs are recommended as the modality of choice to begin the imaging workup of a patient with known or suspected sacral pathology. More sensitive examinations such as computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MRI), or scintigraphy are often necessary. The morphological features of the lesions on CT and MRI help to orientate the diagnosis. Although some imaging characteristics are helpful to limit the differential diagnosis, an imaging-guided biopsy is often ultimately required to establish a specific diagnosis. Imaging is of paramount importance even in the long-term follow-up in order to assess any residual tumor when surgical resection is incomplete, to assess the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to detect recurrence.

After the Dance is over: Some Issues and Suggestions for Follow-up Assessment in Behavior Therapy

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1287-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Mash ◽  
Leif G. Terdal
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Research Recommendations ◽  
Selection Of

Behavioral intervention programs have thus far failed to provide sufficient follow-up information for the evaluation of long-term effects. This omission is believed to be related to an inadequate conceptualization of follow-up assessment, as well as to the methodological and practical difficulties inherent in assessing behavior over long time periods. A framework for follow-up assessment that is consistent with current behavioral efforts to program generalization is described and is contrasted with traditional views of follow-up that look for effects following the termination of treatment. Several methodological features of follow-up assessment are discussed, along with research recommendations, including the determination of length of appropriate follow-up intervals, the frequency of follow-up assessments, the need for standardization of measures both within and between studies, reactivity of follow-up assessment, the selection of follow-up measures and attrition of subjects.

scholarly journals Long-term follow-up after childhood cancer in France supported by the SFCE—force and weakness—current state, results of a questionnaire and perspectives

2018 ◽  
pp. 20170819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Demoor-Goldschmidt ◽  
Marie-Dominique Tabone ◽  
Valérie Bernier ◽  
Florent de Vathaire ◽  
Claire Berger
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Current State ◽  
Long Term Follow Up
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