scholarly journals Neural Mechanisms of Social Cognition in Primates

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco K. Wittmann ◽  
Patricia L. Lockwood ◽  
Matthew F.S. Rushworth
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Social World ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Dominance Status ◽  
Dorsomedial Frontal Cortex ◽  
The Social

Activity in a network of areas spanning the superior temporal sulcus, dorsomedial frontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex is concerned with how nonhuman primates negotiate the social worlds in which they live. Central aspects of these circuits are retained in humans. Activity in these areas codes for primates’ interactions with one another, their attempts to find out about one another, and their attempts to prevent others from finding out too much about themselves. Moreover, important features of the social world, such as dominance status, cooperation, and competition, modulate activity in these areas. We consider the degree to which activity in these regions is simply encoding an individual's own actions and choices or whether this activity is especially and specifically concerned with social cognition. Recent advances in comparative anatomy and computational modeling may help us to gain deeper insights into the nature and boundaries of primate social cognition.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Self-Involvement and Social Rejection to Social Change Perception

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Juneman Abraham ◽  
Bagus Takwin
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Rejection ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Colonial Mentality ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Change Perception ◽  
The Social

Eibach, Libby, and Gilovich’s (2003) experimental research suggested that people with less self-change awareness will perceive that their social worlds change more than do those who are more aware that they themselves are changing. This present review, based on two other studies, serves as a further research recommendation to expand their thesis. Social cognition experiments conducted by Cloutier and Macrae (2008) as well as by Hess and Pickett (2010) using the social memory paradigm indicated that if a person experiences: (1) personal disengagement (self-univolvement, i.e. his/her experience is chosen by others); and (2) social rejection, then he/she will be less aware of him/herself, and will remember more (or is more aware of) information regarding other people (others > self). Reversely, a person with: (1) self-involvement (i.e. selects his/her own experience); and (2) social acceptance experience, will be more aware of him/herself than of others (self > others) and will perceive the social world to change less. Based on those findings, the authors hypothesize that self-involvement and social rejection–as variables that influence the awareness of self (changes)–influence one’s perception of social changes. Some applications related to colonial mentality, as well as Bitcoin and blockchain technology, are presented as illustrations to elaborate the conjecture.

Voorbij navelstaren en narcisme

KWALON ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaddeus Müller
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social World ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Cultural Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Auto Ethnography

Beyond navel-gazing and narcissism.Ferrell’s auto-ethnography as part of ethnography Beyond navel-gazing and narcissism.Ferrell’s auto-ethnography as part of ethnography The labeling of auto-ethnography as navel-gazing does not do justice to the variety with which auto-ethnography is applied. A distinction should be made between emotional and analytical auto-ethnography. In the first form the central person of the researcher plays the central role, in the second auto-ethnography is applied to get a better understanding of the social world which is being studied. In this article the author discusses the second approach by using the work of Jeff Ferrell. Ferrell is a well-known cultural criminologist, who focuses critically on the cultural understanding of social life. By looking at how Ferrell applies auto-ethnography, insight is gained into the added value of this method for qualitative studies: (1) the integration of the personal experiences of researchers in texts in order to achieve a richer description of the social worlds they explore, (2) making explicit the role of the researcher in publications, and (3) developing new (more appealing) forms of representation.

When and How Implicit First Impressions Can Be Updated

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Ferguson ◽  
Thomas C. Mann ◽  
Jeremy Cone ◽  
Xi Shen
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Social World ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Real People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Contradictory Evidence ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Human perceivers continually react to the social world implicitly —that is, spontaneously and rapidly. Earlier research suggested that implicit impressions of other people are slower to change than self-reported impressions in the face of contradictory evidence, often leaving them miscalibrated from what one learns to be true. Recent work, however, has identified conditions under which implicit impressions can be rapidly updated. Here, we review three lines of work showing that implicit impressions are responsive to information that is highly diagnostic, believable, or reframes earlier experience. These findings complement ongoing research on mechanisms of changing implicit impressions in a wider variety of groups, from real people to robots, and provide support for theoretical frameworks that embrace greater unity in the factors that can impact implicit and explicit social cognition.

Political Language and Political Reality

1985 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Edelman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Social World ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Logical Positivist ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The Social

The most incisive twentieth century students of language converge from different premises on the conclusion that language is the key creator of the social worlds people experience, and they agree as well that language cannot usefully be understood as a tool for describing an objective reality. For the later Wittgenstein there are no essences, only language games. Chomsky analyzes the sense in which grammar is generative. For Derrida all language is performative, a form of action that undermines its own presuppositions. Foucault sees language as antedating and constructing subjectivity. The “linguistic turn” in twentieth century philosophy, social psychology, and literary theory entails an intellectual ferment that raises fundamental questions about a great deal of mainstream political science, and especially about its logical positivist premises.While the writers just mentioned analyze various senses in which language use is an aspect of creativity, those who focus upon specifically political language are chiefly concerned with its capacity to reflect ideology, mystify, and distort. The more perspicacious of them deny that an undistorting language is possible in a social world marked by inequalities in resources and status, though the notion of an undistorted language can be useful as an evocation of an ideal benchmark. The emphasis upon political language as distorting or mystifying is a key theme in Lasswell and Orwell, as it is in Habermas, Osgood, Ellul, Vygotsky, Enzensberger, Bennett, and Shapiro.

scholarly journals Resilience Among Dementia Family Caregivers in a Changing Social World

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
Brandy McCann ◽  
Karen Roberto ◽  
Tina Savla ◽  
Rosemary Blieszner ◽  
Emily Hoyt
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Early Phases ◽  
Roll Out

Abstract Dementia caregivers must manage the social worlds of their loved ones as well as their own. In a mixed methods study, we interviewed 50 family caregivers prior to the pandemic, twice during early phases of the pandemic, and again during the vaccine roll-out phase. Findings revealed how implementation of stay-at-home orders altered reliance on informal support as well as social ties and interactions. Using content analysis, we identified three ways in which caregivers’ managed changes in their social world: rethinking family visits (fewer people, higher quality); reinventing public spaces (church services, exercise venues); and reconsidering self-care (setting boundaries, solace in nature). Caregivers showed varying degrees of resilience in the ways they managed adverse social situations and cared for themselves. Findings reinforce the need for inclusive programs and services to help caregivers learn to maintain supportive social connections that reinforce their care decisions and routines, particularly during times of duress.

scholarly journals ‘You can’t stand on a corner and talk about it …’: Medicinal cannabis use, impression management and the analytical status of interviews

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 205979911876842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Morris
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Social World ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medicinal Cannabis ◽  
Interviews As Topic

In this article, I examine how four medicinal cannabis users used impression management during in-depth, qualitative interviews to attend to self-presentational concerns. I examine the rhetorical strategies and narratives articulated by the participants while also attending to the role that I played in co-construction as the interviewer. Later I discuss how, although the participants’ accounts are occasioned by the interviews, they can still provide significant insights into the social worlds of the participants beyond the interviews. While discussions about whether to treat interviews as topic, resource or both are not new, I argue that we can treat interviews as both topic and resource because impression management is a product of the individual’s habitus and it and the accounts it produces are part of their social world.

Convergence

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-170
Author(s):  
Jesse E. Hoffnung-Garskof
Keyword(s):  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Social World ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
Black Migrants ◽  
Political Commitments

This chapter considers why Rafael Serra and the others accepted the call to demonstrate patience and forgiveness in the name of national unity. It asks why they chose to promote the idea of a nation for all and with all as if it were José Martí's idea rather than their own and how they managed to assert themselves in the nationalist struggle without giving up their right to form independent associations or to demand equal treatment as people of color. The chapter explains that the answers to these questions are not to be found in the intricacies of Martí's writings, but instead in the social worlds built by artisan intellectuals and black migrants over the previous two decades. Men and women in this social world did not just support Martí; they helped to create him. This reveals a complex terrain of interconnected political commitments that were in play on a single extraordinary day—a day when Serra led a group of black and brown constituents to naturalize as U.S. citizens and become Republican voters.

The “Troublesome Garden of Eden” (1920–1923)

Tautai ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Social World ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Influenza Epidemic ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Garden Of Eden ◽  
Private World ◽  
The Social

In 1921, Sāmoa’s status shifted to a League of Nations Mandate under New Zealand’s ‘sacred trust’, a circumstance that significantly altered Sāmoan perceptions of its New Zealand rulers. This chapter examines Ta’isi’s relationships with administrator Colonel Robert Tate and how New Zealand shifted its governing style according to the new international conditions. In particular, it traces how ideas about race and governance operated and how these impacted Ta’isi during the time of the first Mau movement that erupted in the aftermath of the influenza epidemic and that plagued Tate’s administration throughout. As well as outlining the shifting conditions in the mandate, this chapter also examines Ta’isi’s private world that became centered at his new house of Tuaefu that became an iconic element of Ta’isi’s place in Sāmoa. We see into his library and the social world he created and how in the fraught racial conditions in the mandate, these social worlds were highly politicized from the perspective of New Zealand authorities.

scholarly journals I’m gonna get it for my birthday: Young children’s interpretive reproduction of literacy practices in school

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-731
Author(s):  
Lucy Henning
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Literacy Practices ◽  
Social World ◽  
First Century ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The Social ◽  
Children's Literacy ◽  
Classroom Literacy

In this paper, I argue that the mainstream assumptions that inform current educational policy and practice for young children’s in-school literacy development in schools are insufficient to secure a helpful account of young children’s classroom literacy practices. A particular problem lies with the reliance of such policy and practice on perspectives that assume, first, that literacy acquisition comprises the orderly acquisition of predefined concepts, skills and knowledge; and second, that the task of schools is to bring individual children’s concepts, skills and knowledge of literacy in line with what is considered ‘normal’ for their age. I argue that such perspectives are too narrow to secure a clear enough view of the complex phenomenon of young children’s encounter with being taught to read and write in school. In this paper, I present two alternative theoretical lenses through which the familiar phenomenon of young children’s encounter with being schooled in literacy can be viewed: first, that of Literacy as a Social Practice (henceforth LSP); and second, that of ‘interpretive reproduction’, a theoretical account of young children’s participation in their social worlds developed by William Corsaro. To demonstrate how helpful such perspectives can be in understanding the familiar phenomenon of young children’s literacy schooling, I apply them to the analysis of one child, Dean’s, encounter with schooled literacy within the social world of an early twenty-first century London classroom.

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