Progress in Measurements of 0.1–10 GeV Neutrino–Nucleus Scattering and Anticipated Results from Future Experiments

Neutrino interactions with nuclei have been the subject of intense interest during the last 15 years. Current and future measurements of neutrino oscillation and exotic physics use order 0.1–10 GeV neutrinos on a range of nuclear targets (12C,16O,40Ar). As the precision of these experiments has increased, information from their detectors and dedicated experiments has indicated deficiencies in the modeling of neutrino interactions on nuclear targets. Here, we present the current state of knowledge about neutrino–nucleus interactions, the challenge of extracting the cross section of these processes, and current experimental puzzles in the field. We also look forward to new and novel measurements and future efforts that seek to resolve these questions.

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The Cross-Section of the Semi-Rigid Airship

Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society ◽

10.1017/s036839310011418x ◽

1930 ◽

Vol 34 (236) ◽

pp. 690-722

Author(s):

F. G. Evans

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Graphical Method ◽

Loading Conditions ◽

Points Of Interest ◽

Primary Object ◽

The Subject ◽

The Cross

The scope of the paper is not so wide as the title may suggest. The primary object is to put forward a graphical method of determining the shape of the cross-section of the airship, and the loads in the envelope and rigging wires, in the plane of the cross-section, for different loading conditions.Various secondary matters, such as a brief review of other methods of dealing with the subject, and the effect of different schemes of rigging on “ breathing,” are included in the paper as points of interest.

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N* RESONANCES IN NEUTRINO INTERACTIONS

International Journal of Modern Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1142/s2010194514601112 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 1460111

Author(s):

L. ALVAREZ-RUSO

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Form Factors ◽

Experimental Information ◽

Transition Form ◽

Neutrino Interactions ◽

Neutrino Cross Section ◽

The Cross

The role of N* resonances in neutrino interactions with nucleons is discussed, stressing the relevance for neutrino cross-section and oscillation experiments. The cross section for single N* weak excitation is expressed in terms of vector and axial transition form factors, which can be partially constrained using the available experimental information from photon, electron and pion reactions on the nucleon. New measurements on hydrogen and deuterium are necessary to reduce further the uncertainties.

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Effective shaping of a bisymmetrical cross section of beams under shear stresses constraints

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1199/1/012062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1199 (1) ◽

pp. 012062

Author(s):

K Magnucki ◽

D Witkowski

Keyword(s):

Objective Function ◽

Cross Section ◽

Analytical Study ◽

Shear Stresses ◽

Constraint Condition ◽

Inertia Moment ◽

The Subject ◽

The Cross

Abstract The subject of the studies is effective shaping of an analytically defined, bisymmetrical cross section of beams. The objective function concerns the maximum of the inertia moment and minimum of the area of the cross section. The constraint condition takes into account the maximum shear stresses. The effective shapes of the exemplary beams are derived. Results of the analytical study are presented in Tables and Figures.

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EFFECT OF STRANGENESS FOR NEUTRINO-NUCLEON AND NEUTRINO-NUCLEUS SCATTERING IN QUASIELASTIC REGION

Modern Physics Letters A ◽

10.1142/s021773230900036x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (11n13) ◽

pp. 955-959

Author(s):

K. S. KIM ◽

MYUNG-KI CHEOUN ◽

BYUNG GEEL YU

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Strange Quark ◽

Neutral Current ◽

Charged Current ◽

Particle Model ◽

Protons And Neutrons ◽

Nucleus Scattering ◽

Single Particle Model ◽

The Cross

We present the neutral-current (NC) and charged-current (CC) reactions by incident neutrino (antineutrino) scattering on the nucleon, and also on the 12 C target in quasi-elastic region within the framework of a relativistic single particle model. Effects of the strangeness are studied on the cross sections, the ratios between the NC and CC reactions, and the asymmetries. We found that there exists some cancellation of the strange quark contributions between the knocked-out protons and neutrons in the neutrino (antineutrino)-nucleus scattering. The effect of the strangeness on the asymmetry exhibits larger than that on the ratio and the cross section.

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Some uncertainties of neutrino oscillation effect in the NOνA experiment

Modern Physics Letters A ◽

10.1142/s0217732316500772 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (12) ◽

pp. 1650077 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lyudmila D. Kolupaeva ◽

Konstantin S. Kuzmin ◽

Olga N. Petrova ◽

Igor M. Shandrov

Keyword(s):

Neutrino Oscillation ◽

Neutrino Mass ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Forward Scattering ◽

Mass Hierarchy ◽

Neutrino Mass Hierarchy ◽

Oscillation Effect ◽

Neutrino Scattering ◽

The Cross ◽

Nuclear Targets

Uncertainties related to the effect of neutrino coherent forward scattering in Earth’s matter (MSW mechanism) and with the cross-sections of quasi-elastic (QE) neutrino scattering on nuclear targets of the NO[Formula: see text]A detectors are studied. The NO[Formula: see text]A sensitivity to the neutrino mass hierarchy and the CP violating phase is discussed.

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Thermal Actions on the Materials During Deck and Pavement Construction

Archives of Civil Engineering ◽

10.2478/ace-2018-0065 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 101-118

Author(s):

B. Chmielewska ◽

A. Garbacz ◽

G. Adamczewski ◽

B. Rymsza

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Bridge Deck ◽

Asphalt Pavements ◽

Gas Emission ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Gaseous Products ◽

Bituminous Materials ◽

The Subject ◽

The Cross ◽

Pavement Construction

AbstractThe article presents the results of the research on thermal actions on the materials occurring in the cross section along the depth of the bridge deck and bituminous pavement during its construction. The impulse to curried out the research was the need to explain the causes of the blistering of bituminous waterproofing membranes and asphalt pavements often observed on the bridge decks. The paper presents the examples of such failures and the analyses of possible mechanisms of the phenomenon. Research indicates a significant influence of all technological processes on the temperature of materials in the cross section as well as daily temperature changes. The probability of initiation of reactions between concrete components with gaseous products has been confirmed in such conditions. The susceptibility of bituminous materials to gas emission and blistering is the subject of a separate study. The research was part of a research project carried out under the contract INNOTECHK3/IN3/50/229332 /NCBR /14 [13].

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The End of the Classical Paradigms of Law

Studia Sieci Uniwersytetów Pogranicza ◽

10.15290/sup.2021.05.06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 79-92

Author(s):

Sylwia Leszczuk ◽

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Research Methodology ◽

Legal Culture ◽

Cultural Transformations ◽

Current State ◽

The Subject ◽

The Law ◽

Score Result ◽

State Of Affairs ◽

Present World

Goal – the aim of this text is to show the functioning, transformation, convergence and ultimately decline of classical paradigms operating in the legal sphere. Particular attention is focused on the contemporary state of affairs, referring to today’s trends in thought, philosophy and the contemporary way of explaining reality by societies that are carriers of the law. The purpose is to showcase that the today’s changing world is faced with many problems that are completely new to humanity as a whole, and that those problems have the power to affect the legal sphere as well. It proves that despite the belief in the stabilizing function of the law, it itself begins to be questioned, and its iron foundations begin to waver in principle, resulting in spectacular changes in the way we view such non‑negotiable issues as justice, power, order, and the meaning of being. Research methodology – through an analysis of the literature on the subject and by compiling the most important paradigmatic frameworks, a cross‑section of attitudes relevant to understanding the presented issue is made. Score/result – as a result, an observation is made regarding the current state of paradigms operating in the legal sphere. In line with the conclusion, it is stated that in the present world paradigms have mostly lost or are losing their power. They will lose it completely or undergo a transformation. There is also an exhaustion of the power of all grand narratives that must necessarily be taken into account when making any considerations about the embeddedness of law and its validity. Originality/value – the content of the text refers to well‑known paradigms of law that seem to be unshakable elements of Western legal culture. Nevertheless, the analysis of the problems presented in the text shows that the unshakable foundations of law are beginning to degrade, or at least to change, in collision with, above all, contemporary socio‑cultural transformations.

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High-energy neutrino-nucleus interactions

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/201920807003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 208 ◽

pp. 07003

Author(s):

Shunzo Kumano

Keyword(s):

Neutrino Physics ◽

Cross Section ◽

Neutrino Oscillation ◽

High Energy ◽

Neutrino Beam ◽

Current Status ◽

Ultra High Energy ◽

High Energy Neutrino ◽

Neutrino Interactions ◽

Energy Neutrino

High-energy neutrino-nucleus interactions are discussed by considering neutrino-oscillation experiments and ultra-high-energy cosmic neutrino interactions. The largest systematic error for the current neutrino oscillation measurements comes from the neutrino-nucleus interaction part, and its accurate understanding is essential for high-precision neutrino physics, namely for studying CP violation in the lepton sector. Depending on neutrino beam energies, quasi-elastic, resonance, Regge, or/and deep inelastic scattering (DIS) processes contribute to the neutrino cross section. It is desirable to have a code to calculate the neutrino-nucleus cross section in any kinematical range by combining various theoretical descriptions. On the other hand, the IceCube collaboration started obtaining cross section data up to the 1015 eV range, so that it became necessary to understand ultra-high-energy neutrino interactions beyond the artificial lepton-accelerator energy range. For future precise neutrino physics including the CP measurement, it is also necessary to understand accurate nuclear corrections. The current status is explained for nuclear corrections in DIS structure functions. The possibility is also discussed to find gravitational sources within nucleons and nuclei, namely matrix elements of quark-gluon energy-momentum tensor. They could be probed by neutrino interactions without replying on direct ultra-weak “gravitational interactions” with high-intensity neutrino beams, possibly at a future neutrino factory, by using techniques of hadron tomography.

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On the distribution of velocity in a viscous fluid over the cross-section of a pipe, and on the action at the critical velocity

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character ◽

10.1098/rspa.1905.0021 ◽

1905 ◽

Vol 76 (509) ◽

pp. 205-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Keyword(s):

Viscous Fluid ◽

Velocity Distribution ◽

Critical Velocity ◽

Cross Section ◽

Viscous Fluids ◽

Stream Line ◽

The Subject ◽

The Cross ◽

The Stability ◽

Lord Kelvin

1. Introduction .—An expression for the velocity at which stream-line motion breaks down in cylindrical pipes has been obtained by Osborne Reynolds, and together with many others he has measured the fall of pressure occurring in different lengths. Lord Kelvin, Lord Rayleigh, and Reynolds have investigated the stability of different kinds of flow for viscous and non-viscous fluids, but how nearly the theoretical conditions of velocity distribution actually occur has not hitherto formed the subject of research. Experiments have often been made on the variation of mean linear velocities in the eddying state, but when the motion is irrotational, these are too low to admit of accurate measurement by any method so far employed. The objects of the present paper are to determine these velocities, to investigate the change which takes place at the critical velocity, and to find the relation between the velocity and the pressure to which it gives rise in a “ Pitot ” gauge of the form used.

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