scholarly journals Implicit Social Cognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 419-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Greenwald ◽  
Calvin K. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Business Law ◽  
Implicit Social Cognition ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Medicine Education

In the last 20 years, research on implicit social cognition has established that social judgments and behavior are guided by attitudes and stereotypes of which the actor may lack awareness. Research using the methods of implicit social cognition has produced the concept of implicit bias, which has generated wide attention not only in social, clinical, and developmental psychology, but also in disciplines outside of psychology, including business, law, criminal justice, medicine, education, and political science. Although this rapidly growing body of research offers prospects of useful societal applications, the theory needed to confidently guide those applications remains insufficiently developed. This article describes the methods that have been developed, the findings that have been obtained, and the theoretical questions that remain to be answered.

Knowing bears: An ethnographic study of knowledge and agency in human–bear cohabitation

2021 ◽  
pp. 251484862110150
Author(s):  
Svetoslava Toncheva ◽  
Robert Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Human Research ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

This article explores a case of human–wildlife cohabitation in the Rodopi mountains of Bulgaria, wherein people and brown bears ( Ursus arctos) have adapted to living together in relative harmony. While this is due to a variety of factors, chief among these is the way both people and bears appear to pursue knowledge of one another and act on this knowledge so as to actively minimize potential for conflict. We draw on this case to contribute to growing discussion concerning how nonhumans should be understood and included within conservation policymaking. While conservation has conventionally been understood as something humans do on behalf of other species, a growing body of “more-than-human” research challenges this perspective as “anthropocentric” in arguing that nonhumans should be considered “co-constitutive actors” of the spaces they occupy. Based on this understanding, some go so far as to assert that a “multispecies ethics” demands that nonhumans be actively included in decision-making concerning such spaces’ governance. While our study indeed demonstrates that both humans and bears seem to mold their behavior in relation to their sensing of the other’s behavior, it also demonstrates that knowledge of bears’ behavior is ultimately always interpreted by humans in conservation management. Moreover, different groups of stakeholders hold different knowledge of bears that influence their attitudes and behavior towards the animals. The study thus raises important questions concerning how to incorporate bears (and other nonhumans) within conservation decision-making, and whose knowledge should be privileged in the process.

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism of oxytocin and vasopressin in social cognition and behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 12 ◽  
pp. 337-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoqiao Lu ◽  
Jianbo Lai ◽  
Yanli Du ◽  
Tingting Huang ◽  
Pornkanok Prukpitikul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
And Behavior

Conditions for the development of the philosophy of non-violence in the modern world

2020 ◽  
pp. 337-352
Author(s):  
Tolganay V. Mustafina-Kulchmanova ◽  
Zhabayhan M. Abdildin ◽  
Kudaibergen A. Temirgaliev ◽  
Kuralay S. Yermagambetova ◽  
Manifa S. Sarkulova
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Theoretical Methods ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
And Behavior

This article addresses the issues of the genesis of non-violence and the practical application of non-violent practices in the context of modern realities. The phe-nomenon of non-violence is seen in close connection with violence, which is more often reflected in the form of wars, military clashes, and conflicts. The article pro-vides an analysis of the use of non-violent practices and the possibility of develop-ing peacekeeping in public opinion and behavior. During the preparation of this article, a review and comparative study of various literature aimed at studying non-violence were carried out. Together with the philosophical works, various ma-terials of a political science character are studied. In preparing this work, they were used as general theoretical methods, such as analysis and synthesis. At the same time, analogies, systematization, etc. were used. The materials of the article sug-gest practical significance for university teachers of humanitarian/philosophical specialties.

scholarly journals The Pain of Granting Otherness: Interoception and the Differentiation of the Other / Der Schmerz der Gewährung von Andersheit: Interozeption und die Differenzierung des Objekts

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 155-173
Author(s):  
Joona Taipale
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Early Experience ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Paradigm ◽  
Central Task ◽  
Experience Of Care ◽  
Psychoanalytic Perspective

SummaryThis article examines the foundations of social experience from a psychoanalytic perspective. In current developmental psychology, social cognition debate, and phenomenology of empathy, it is widely assumed that the self and the other are differentiated from the outset, and the basic challenge is accordingly taken to consist in explaining how the gap between the self and the other can be bridged. By contrast, in the psychoanalytic tradition, the central task is considered to lie in explaining how such a gap is established in the first place. My article develops this latter idea. I focus on the infant’s early experience of care, show how the presence of the caregiver can be interpreted in terms of an interoceptive experience, illustrate the gradual self/other differentiation from this perspective, and thus argue that the other is granted ‘otherness’ gradually. By emphasising this graduality, I challenge the assumption that self/other differentiation dominates the infant’s life from the outset. In this manner, I show how the psychoanalytic theory may be used in contesting one of the cornerstones of the current research paradigm.

scholarly journals The Political Consequences of Be(com)ing Mindful. How Mindfulness Might Affect Political Attitudes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Ramstetter
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
The Political ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Mechanisms Of Mindfulness ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Pro Social Behavior

Though research provides ample evidence that mindfulness shapes psychological processes and states that are linked to political attitudes and behavior, political science has so far largely ignored mindfulness as a potential explanatory factor shaping political attitudes and actions. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the concept of mindfulness and outlines potential linkages between mindfulness and outlines political attitudes. I begin by identifying gaps in the literature on political attitude formation and change as well as its linkage to political behavior. I then introduce mindfulness as a multifaceted concept, discussing its definitional features and unravelling the mechanisms of mindfulness affecting cognitive and emotional abilities. Building on this foundation, I review research on correlates and effects of mindfulness on attitudes and behaviors related to the political domain, such as pro-environmentalism and pro-social behavior. Critically reflecting on extant research on mindfulness, I propose possible research avenues for political science that enhance its dialogue with neuroscience and social psychology.

scholarly journals A Multi-Site Collaboration of Hostile Priming Effects-In-Principle Acceptance version

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy J. McCarthy ◽  
Will M Gervais ◽  
Michael Magee ◽  
muriel kosaka
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Critical Test ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Academic Publications

In 1979, Srull and Wyer reported a study where a brief exposure to hostile stimuli caused participants to subsequently rate an individual as being more hostile. Srull and Wyer (1979) went on to be one of the most influential studies in social cognition: It has been cited in over 1,000 academic publications, the “Donald” vignette has been used in dozens of subsequent studies, and the results served as a foundation for subsequent priming studies that extended priming effects beyond the domain of social judgments (e.g., e.g., Bargh, Chen, & Burrows, 1996; Dijksterhuis & van Knippenberg, 1998). However, a Registered Replication Report (RRR; McCarthy et al., 2018) that contained 26 independent samples and several thousand participants did not find the predicted effect and cast doubt on whether the methods reported by Srull and Wyer would reliably produce a hostile priming effect. However, the RRR deviated from the original methods in a few ways and some criticisms of the methods were raised after the publication of the RRR. The current proposed study is intended to address these criticisms and provide a critical test of whether Srull and Wyer-esque methods can reliably produce a hostile priming effect. The current study will involve several labs who each collect an independent sample of data. Each lab will conduct a close replication of Srull and Wyer (1979) and each lab will pretest stimuli so they can conduct a conceptual replication of Srull and Wyer (1979) using stimuli that are developed specifically for their locally-available participants. Collectively, this study will test the replicability of Srull and Wyer-esque methods to produce a hostile priming effect.

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