scholarly journals Synthesizing Quantitative T2 Maps in Right Lateral Knee Femoral Condyles from Multi-Contrast Anatomical Data with a Conditional GAN

2021 ◽  
pp. e200122
Author(s):  
Bragi Sveinsson ◽  
Akshay S. Chaudhari ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
Neha Koonjoo ◽  
Martin Torriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Data ◽  
Femoral Condyles

Compensatory Tibial Overgrowth Following Healing of Closed Femoral Fractures in Young Dogs

1995 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Susan ◽  
R. T. O’Brien ◽  
K. A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Surgical Reduction ◽  
Femoral Shortening ◽  
Hindlimb Lameness ◽  
Femoral Condyles

SummaryTwo young dogs examined for hindlimb lameness were found to have healed femoral fractures, 2-4 cm of femoral shortening, and 1 cm of compensatory ipsilateral tibial overgrowth. Neither dog had had surgery or internal fixation. Although tibial overgrowth partially corrected for limb shortening, both dogs had chronic intermittent lameness due to malformation of the femoral condyles and secondary stifle osteoarthritis.Compensatory tibial overgrowth was found in two young dogs with femoral fractures which had healed without any surgical reduction or internal fixation. Tibial overgrowth of approximately 1 cm in each case partially compensated for 2-4 cm of femoral shortening.

scholarly journals OP0083 DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA INFILTRATING MACROPHAGES MAINTAIN OSTEOARTHRITIS PAIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 55.2-56
Author(s):  
R. Raoof ◽  
C. Martin ◽  
H. De Visser ◽  
J. Prado ◽  
S. Versteeg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Osteoarthritis Pain ◽  
Knee Pathology ◽  
Femoral Condyles ◽  
Over Time

Background:Pain is a major debilitating symptom of knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, the extent of joint damage in OA does not correlate well with the severity of pain. The mechanisms that govern OA pain are poorly understood. Immune cells infiltrating nervous tissue may contribute to pain maintenance.Objectives:Here we investigated the role of macrophages in the initiation and maintenance of OA pain.Methods:Knee joint damage was induced by an unilateral injection of mono-iodoacetate (MIA) or after application of a groove at the femoral condyles of rats fed on high fat diet. Pain-like behaviors were followed over time using von Frey test and dynamic weight bearing. Joint damage was assessed by histology. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) infiltrating immune cells were assessed over time using flow cytometry. To deplete monocytes and macrophages, Lysmcrex Csfr1-Stop-DTR were injected intrathecal or systemically with diptheria toxin (DT).Results:Intraarticular monoiodoacetate injection induced OA and signs of persistent pain, such as mechanical hyperalgesia and deficits in weight bearing. The persisting pain-like behaviors were associated with accumulation of F4/80+macrophages with an M1-like phenotype in the lumbar DRG appearing from 1 week after MIA injection, and that persisted till at least 4 weeks after MIA injection. Macrophages infiltrated DRG were also observed in the rat groove model of OA, 12 weeks after application of a groove at the femoral condyles. Systemic or local depletion of DRG macrophages during established MIA-induced OA completely ablated signs of pain, without affecting MIA-induced knee pathology. Intriguingly when monocytes/macrophages were depleted prior to induction of osteoarthritis, pain-like behaviors still developed, however these pain-like behaviors did not persist over time.In vitro,sensory neurons innervating the affected OA joint programmed macrophages into a M1 phenotype. Local repolarization of M1-like DRG macrophages towards M2 by intrathecal injection of M2 macrophages or anti-inflammatory cytokines resolved persistent OA-induced pain.Conclusion:Overall we show that macrophages infiltrate the DRG after knee damage and acquire a M1-like phenotype and maintain pain independent of the lesions in the knee joint. DRG-infiltrating macrophages are not required for induction of OA pain. Reprogramming M1-like DRG-infiltrating macrophages may represent a potential strategy to treat OA pain.Acknowledgments:This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreements No 814244 and No 642720. Dutch Arthritis SocietyDisclosure of Interests:Ramin Raoof: None declared, Christian Martin: None declared, Huub de Visser: None declared, Judith Prado: None declared, Sabine Versteeg: None declared, Anne Heinemans: None declared, Simon Mastbergen: None declared, Floris Lafeber Shareholder of: Co-founder and shareholder of ArthroSave BV, Niels Eijkelkamp: None declared

Systematic studies in Paniceae (Poaceae): Homopholis and Whalleya gen. et sp. nov.

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Wills ◽  
R. D. B. Whalley ◽  
Jeremy J. Bruhl
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Parsimonious Tree ◽  
The Third ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
Cladistic Analyses

The taxonomy ofHomopholis C.E.Hubb. is revised, and anew genus Whalleya K.E.Wills & J.J.Bruhl isdescribed. Relationships among the known species ofHomopholis (H. belsonii C.E.Hubb.,H. proluta F.Muell., and a putative species,H. sp. nov.), and the relationships betweenHomopholis and other genera within the Paniceae were investigated. Morphological and anatomical data forHomopholis and selected species ofDigitaria and Panicum were analysed phenetically and cladistically. The value and contribution ofcharacters to the findings were assessed. In the phenetic analyses, threedistinct clusters of species were formed. The first cluster includedDigitaria coenicola (F.Muell.) Hughes,D. divaricatissima (R.Br.) Hughes andD. papposa (R.Br.) P.Beauv.; the second,Panicum effusum R.Br.,P. queenslandicum Domin var.queenslandicum and P. simileDomin; and the third, H. sp. nov.,H. proluta, H. belsonii andP. subxerophilum Domin. Specimens ofH. belsonii noticeably separated from the other threespecies. For the cladistic analyses, species ofEntolasia and Thyridolepis were used as outgroup taxa. One most parsimonious tree was produced.Homopholis belsonii was well supported as the most basalmember of the ingroup. The three species ofDigitariaformed a well-supported clade.Panicum effusum, P. queenslandicumvar. queenslandicum and P. simileformed a well-supported clade, and were the sister group toEntolasia marginata (R.Br.) Hughes andE. stricta (R.Br.) Hughes.Panicum subxerophilum was in a clade (=Whalleya) with H. sp. nov. andH. proluta, with P. subxerophilumand H. proluta as sister species.

Gas transport in a model derived from Hansen-Ampaya anatomical data of the human lung

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Paiva ◽  
L. M. Lacquet ◽  
L. P. van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Transport Equation ◽  
Satisfactory Agreement ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Gas Mixing ◽  
Anatomical Data

The anatomical data of the human lung published by Hansen and Ampaya are used in a model of gas transport in the lung. The Bohr dead space is calculated from solutions of a transport equation where diffusivity is given by an empirical formula obtained by Sherer et al. A satisfactory agreement is found with experimental data obtained from simultaneous washouts of H2 and SF6 for respiratory frequencies ranging between 15 and 60 min-1 and tidal volumes between 200 and 1,800 ml. The results support the idea that molecular diffusion is the main but not the only physical phenomenom which intervenes in gas mixing during breathing.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the areas of osteochondral defects produced in the femoral condyles of rabbits treated with gel of sugarcane biopolymer

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Cezar Vidal Carneiro de Albuquerque ◽  
José Lamartine de Andrade Aguiar ◽  
Saulo Monteiro dos Santos ◽  
Nicodemus Pontes Filho ◽  
Roberto José Vieira de Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
Natural Healing ◽  
Femoral Condyles

PURPOSE: To measure the healed areas of osteochondral defects produced in femoral condyles of rabbits filled with biopolymer sugar cane gel and to compare these with those of the control group at 90, 120 and 180 days. METHODS: A study was made of 16 New Zealand rabbits, 6 and 7 months old, weighing between 2 and 2.5 kg. Defects of 3.2 x 4 mm were made, with trephine, in the femoral condyles of the right and left knees. As to the study group defects of the medial and lateral condyles of the right knee were used which were filled with Biopolymer Sugar Cane Gel; as to the Control Group defects of the medial and lateral condyles of the left t knees were used which were left open for natural healing. The defects were analyzed at 90, 120 and 180 days after surgery. After euthanasia, the knees were removed and fixed in Bouin's solution for later digital photographic documentation with a digital camera. The areas healed were measured in both the study and control groups using the images obtained from an Image-J® program. Statistical analysis was conducted using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the means of the healed areas in the study and control groups at 90, 120 and 180 days after surgery. CONCLUSION: The dimension of the healed areas of the defects treated with the biopolymer sugar-cane gel in the study group was similar to those of the control group, which healed naturally.

Comparative wood anatomy of Eucryphia wilkiei and E. jinksii (Cunoniaceae): two narrow endemics from Queensland, Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Imogen Poole ◽  
Richard W. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
Narrow Endemics ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Comparative Wood Anatomy

Qualitative and quantitative wood anatomical data are given for two narrow Queensland endemic Eucryphia species, E. wilkiei B.Hyland and Eucryphia jinksii P.I.Forst. Comparisons of wood anatomy of all extant Eucryphia taxa show that E. jinksii and E. wilkiei are distinct from each other, and other Eucryphia species. However, for both species characters relating to perforation plates, helical thickening (E. wilkiei only) and fibres are shared with the South American species, whereas the presence of crystals in the axial parenchyma is shared only with the Australian species. These data suggest that, based on wood anatomy, E. jinksii and E. wilkiei are basal among Australian species.

The probability of neural connexions

1955 ◽  
Vol 144 (915) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Fibre Density ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
Fibre Growth ◽  
Motor Areas

In some areas of a nervous system there is no obvious plan of connexions. If it is assumed, first, that in these areas fibre growth is random, and secondly, that connexions are formed if axon and dendrite approach within a critical distance, there are certain mathematical consequences. If fibre density is defined and measured in a particular way it is possible to derive a formula for the average number of connexions between an axonal and a dendritic system. If an axonal system is embedded in a population of similar dendritic systems it is possible to calculate how many of the latter have a given number of connexions with the axonal system. For neurons in the striate and motor areas of the cortex of the cat some of the necessary anatomical data are known, and numerical values are computed from the formulae.

scholarly journals Correlation between posterior offset of femoral condyles and sagittal slope of the tibial plateau

2012 ◽  
Vol 221 (5) ◽  
pp. 452-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cinotti ◽  
P. Sessa ◽  
F. R. Ripani ◽  
R. Postacchini ◽  
R. Masciangelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Posterior Offset ◽  
Femoral Condyles
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