Investigation and Optimization of Operating Conditions for Low-Temperature CO2 Reduction to CO in a Forward-Bias Bipolar-Membrane Electrolyzer

A bipolar membrane (BPM), consisting of a cation and anion exchange layer (CEL and AEL), can be used in an electrochemical cell in two orientations: reverse bias and forward bias....

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Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to CO in Forward-Bias Bipolar Membrane Co-Electrolyzers

ECS Meeting Abstracts ◽

10.1149/ma2021-0226818mtgabs ◽

2021 ◽

Vol MA2021-02 (26) ◽

pp. 818-818

Author(s):

Bernhard Pribyl-Kranewitter ◽

Alexandra Patru ◽

Juan Herranz ◽

Thomas J. Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Forward Bias ◽

Co2 Reduction ◽

Bipolar Membrane ◽

Electrochemical Co2 Reduction

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Modeling of Wax and Salt Deposition in the Near-Well Zone of a Low-Temperature Reservoir Under Various Operating Conditions of Wells (Russian)

10.2118/201912-ru ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Leonid Andreevich Gaidukov

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Salt Deposition

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Effects of stress concentration and occurrence of limit states under high speed loading in low temperature operating conditions

Procedia Structural Integrity ◽

10.1016/j.prostr.2020.10.106 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 1347-1359

Author(s):

NikolayA. Makhutov ◽

Dmitry O. Reznikov

Keyword(s):

Stress Concentration ◽

Low Temperature ◽

High Speed ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Limit States ◽

Temperature Operating ◽

Effects Of Stress

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Effect of Film Cooling on Low Temperature Hot Corrosion in a Coal Fired Gas Turbine

Volume 5: Turbo Expo 2003, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/gt2003-38593 ◽

2003 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vaidyanathan Krishnan ◽

J. S. Kapat ◽

Y. H. Sohn ◽

V. H. Desai

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Corrosion Rate ◽

Hot Corrosion ◽

Film Cooling ◽

Gas Turbines ◽

Primary Source ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Coal Gas ◽

A Chain ◽

Lower Corrosion Rate

In recent times, the use of coal gas in gas turbines has gained a lot of interest, as coal is quite abundant as a primary source of energy. However, use of coal gas produces a few detrimental effects that need closer attention. This paper concentrates on one such effect, namely hot corrosion, where trace amounts of sulfur can cause corrosion (or sulfidation) of hot and exposed surfaces, thereby reducing the life of the material. In low temperature hot corrosion, which is the focus of this paper, transport of SO2 from the hot gas stream is the primary process that leads to a chain of events, ultimately causing hot corrosion. The corrosion rate depends on SO2 mass flux to the wall as well as wall surface temperature, both of which are affected in the presence of any film cooling. An analytical model is developed to describe the associated transport phenomena of both heat and mass in the presence of film cooling The model predicts how corrosion rates may be affected under operating conditions. It is found that although use of film cooling typically leads to lower corrosion rate, there are combinations of operating parameters under which corrosion rate can actually increase in the presence of film cooling.

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Novel Combined Power and Cooling Thermodynamic Cycle for Low Temperature Heat Sources, Part II: Experimental Investigation

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.1564080 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 125 (2) ◽

pp. 223-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Gunnar Tamm ◽

D. Yogi Goswami

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

System Analysis ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Experimental System ◽

Thermodynamic Cycle ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Working Fluid ◽

Water Mixture ◽

Theoretical Simulation

A combined thermal power and cooling cycle proposed by Goswami is under intensive investigation, both theoretically and experimentally. The proposed cycle combines the Rankine and absorption refrigeration cycles, producing refrigeration while power is the primary goal. A binary ammonia-water mixture is used as the working fluid. This cycle can be used as a bottoming cycle using waste heat from a conventional power cycle or as an independent cycle using low temperature sources such as geothermal and solar energy. An experimental system was constructed to demonstrate the feasibility of the cycle and to compare the experimental results with the theoretical simulation. Results showed that the vapor generation and absorption condensation processes work experimentally, exhibiting expected trends, but with deviations from ideal and equilibrium modeling. The potential for combined turbine work and refrigeration output was evidenced in operating the system. Analysis of losses showed where improvements could be made, in preparation for further testing over a broader range of operating conditions.

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A Latent Heat Storage System for Low-Temperature Applications: From Materials Selection to Prototype Performances

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112110350 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (21) ◽

pp. 10350

Author(s):

Didier Haillot ◽

Yasmine Lalau ◽

Erwin Franquet ◽

Sacha Rigal ◽

Frederic Jay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Latent Heat ◽

Heat Storage ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Material Selection ◽

Energy Transition ◽

Industrial Sector ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Acid Mixture ◽

Latent Heat Storage

The industrial sector is increasingly obliged to reduce its energy consumption and greenhouse gases emissions to contribute to the world organizations’ targets in energy transition. An energy efficiency solution lies in the development of thermal energy storage systems, which are notably lacking in the low-temperature range (50–85 °C), for applications such as district heating or low-temperature waste heat recovery. This work aims to bring a latent heat storage solution from material selection to prototype evaluation. The first part of this paper is dedicated to the characterization and aging of a phase change material selected from a screening of the literature (fatty acid mixture mainly composed by stearic and palmitic acid). Then, this material is encapsulated and tested in a prototype whose performances are evaluated under various operating conditions. Finally, a numerical model validated by the experimental results is used to explore the influence of a wider range of operating conditions, dimensioning choices, and material conductivity improvements.

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Experimental Study on Preparation and Operating Conditions over a Promising Monolithic Catalysts for NOx Removal: MnOx/TiO2/Cordierite

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.1905 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 898 ◽

pp. 1905-1915 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kai Qi ◽

Jun Lin Xie ◽

Feng Xiang Li ◽

Feng He

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Catalytic Reduction ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Impregnation Method ◽

Scope Of Application ◽

Catalyst Dosage ◽

Cordierite Honeycomb ◽

Low Temperature Scr

The samples of MnOx/TiO2 catalysts supported on cordierite honeycomb ceramics were prepared by a sol-gel-impregnation method, and evaluated for low-temperature (353-473 K) selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3. The influences of pretreatment on cordierite and catalyst dosage were investigated at first and optimized as follows: pickling for cordierite honeycomb ceramics with 1 mol/L HNO3 for 3 h prior to loading procedure as well as the catalyst dosage of 3-5 wt.%. The activity results indicated that there was an optimum working condition for MnOx/TiO2/cordierite catalysts: NH3/NO molar ratio=1.1, [O2]=3 vol.%, GHSV=5514 h-1, the highest activity of nearly 100% NO conversion could be obtained. As a comparison, the performances of commercialized vanadium-based honeycomb catalyst were also employed, which revealed the narrower scope of application of GHSV and the higher active temperature window. In conclusion, it turns out that the prepared MnOx/TiO2/cordierite catalysts are more applicable as a low-temperature SCR catalyst for NOx removal in a more complicated application environment.

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A Novel Low-Temperature Non-Corrosive Sulfate/Sulfide Scale Dissolver

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12062455 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 2455

Author(s):

Hany Gamal ◽

Salaheldin Elkatatny ◽

Dhafer Al Shehri ◽

Mohamed Bahgat

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Corrosion Rate ◽

High Performance ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽

Gas Production ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Superior Performance ◽

X Ray ◽

Dissolution Efficiency

The oil and gas production operations suffer from scale depositions. The scale precipitations have a damaging impact on the reservoir pores, perforations, downhole and completion equipment, pipeline network, wellhead chokes, and surface facilities. Hydrocarbon production possibly decreased because of the scale accumulation in the well tubular, leading to a well plugging, this requires wells to be shut-in in severe cases to perform a clean-out job. Therefore, scale deposition is badly affecting petroleum economics. This research aims to design a scale dissolver with low cost, non-damaging for the well equipment and has a high performance at the field operating conditions. This paper presents a novel non-corrosive dissolver for sulfate and sulfide composite scale in alkaline pH and works at low-temperature conditions. The scale samples were collected from a production platform from different locations. A complete description of the scale samples was performed as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The new scale dissolver was prepared in different concentrations to examine its dissolution efficiency for the scale with time at low temperatures. The experimental design studied the solid to fluid ratio, temperature, solubility time, and dissolution efficiency in order to achieve the optimum and most economic performance of solubility in terms of high dissolution efficiency with the smallest possible amount of scale dissolver. A solubility comparison was performed with other commercial-scale-dissolvers and the corrosion rate was tested. The experimental work results demonstrated the superior performance of the new scale dissolver. The new scale dissolver showed a solubility efficiency of 91.8% at a low temperature of 45 °C and 79% at 35 °C. The new scale dissolver showed a higher solubility ratio for the scale sample than the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (20 wt. %), diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) (20 wt. %), and HCl (10 wt. %). The corrosion rate for the new non-corrosive dissolver was 0.01357 kg/m2 (0.00278 lb./ft²) which was considered a very low rate and non-damaging for the equipment. The low corrosive effect of the new dissolver will save the extra cost of adding the corrosion inhibitors and save the equipment from the damaging effect of the corrosive acids.

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