Kinetics of Ca2(+)-ATPase activation in platelet membranes of essential hypertensives and normotensives

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (6) ◽  
pp. C988-C994 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Takaya ◽  
N. Lasker ◽  
R. Bamforth ◽  
M. Gutkin ◽  
L. H. Byrd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Family History ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Activation Kinetics ◽  
Negative Family History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Kinetics Of

To explore the etiology of altered Ca metabolism in essential hypertension, we studied parameters, i.e., maximal initial reaction velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km), of Ca activation kinetics of Ca2(+)-ATPase in membrane fractions (isolated by a sucrose gradient) from platelets of blacks and whites, 27 of whom were essential hypertensives, 17 of whom were normotensives with a family history of essential hypertension, and 10 of whom were normotensives without a family history of the disease. The Vmax of hypertensives was significantly lower than in normotensives without a family history of essential hypertension (hypertensives, 14.99 +/- 1.71 nmol Pi.mg protein-1.min-1; normotensives, positive family history, 22.67 +/- 3.17 nmol Pi.mg protein-1.min-1; normotensives, negative family history, 27.54 +/- 4.37 nmol Pi.mg protein-1.min-1; overall, P = 0.0078). The Km was lower in both hypertensives and normotensives with a positive family history of essential hypertension as compared with normotensives with a negative family history of the disease (hypertensives, 1.70 +/- 0.23 microM; normotensives, positive family history, 1.38 +/- 0.2 microM; normotensives, negative family history, 2.79 +/- 0.58 microM; overall, P = 0.0251). Furthermore, the Km in whites was inversely related to plasma renin activity (r = 0.50; P less than 0.005). We propose that a lower Vmax for Ca2(+)-ATPase may play a role in the higher level of free Ca in platelets of essential hypertensives and that a higher affinity of the enzyme to Ca may reflect a process compensating for the lower Vmax. We also suggest that a higher Km for Ca2(+)-ATPase in juxtaglomerular cells of whites would result in blunting the release of renin.

scholarly journals Hereditary Spherocytosis in a 22 Month Old Child

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Mst Musarrat Sultana ◽  
Md Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Md Sanaul Haque Mia
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Hereditary Spherocytosis ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Negative Family History ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Antiglobulin Test ◽  
History Of

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a familial hemolytic disorder with marked heterogeneity of clinical features, ranging from asymptomatic condition to a fulminant hemolytic anemia. Although a positive family history of spherocytosis increases the risk for this disorder, it may be sporadic in some case. A 22-month old girl was admitted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital with pallor and jaundice. Her parents gave history of repeated episodes of pallor and jaundice since 8 month of age with negative family history. Blood film showed plenty of spherocytes, reticulocytosis of 15.0%, negative direct antiglobulin test& positive osmotic fragility test. She was managed conservatively on nutritional supplements& one unit of blood transfusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of hereditary spherocytosis from Rajshahi Medical College Hospital.TAJ 2017; 30(2): 79-82

Increased Erythrocyte Sodium-Lithium Countertransport Activity in essential Hypertension is Due to an Increased Affinity for Extracellular Sodium

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Rutherford ◽  
T. H. Thomas ◽  
R. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Family History ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Affinity Constant ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Standard Assay ◽  
History Of

1. Sodium-lithium countertransport activity in a standard assay, its sodium affinity constant and maximum velocity were measured in erythrocytes from normal subjects and from essential hypertensive patients with and without a family history of hypertension. 2. In normal subjects the sodium concentration used in the standard assay was similar to the sodium affinity constant so that the activity measured in this assay was less than the maximum velocity. 3. In patients with essential hypertension and a positive family history, 33% had a sodium-lithium countertransport activity greater than the upper limit of the normal control range (0.4 mmol of Li+ h−1 l−1 of cells). 4. The reason for the raised sodium-lithium countertransport activity was an increased sodium affinity (lower sodium affinity constant) at the outside ion-binding site. 5. Of the patients with essential hypertension and a positive family history but sodium-lithium countertransport activity within the normal range in the standard assay, 30% also had a low sodium affinity constant. 6. A low sodium affinity constant at the outside site of the sodium-lithium countertransporter may be a more specific indicator for a group of patients with inherited hypertension than the standard sodium-lithium countertransport activity assay.

scholarly journals Increasing Rate of a Positive Family History of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in Pediatric IBD Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Ruban ◽  
Adam Slavick ◽  
Achiya Amir ◽  
Amir Ben-Tov ◽  
Hadar Moran-Lev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Biologic Therapy ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Negative Family History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Pediatric Ibd

Abstract The role of a positive family history in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the era of biologic therapy has not been elucidated. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children with IBD and retrieved demographic and clinical characteristics, including the presence of a positive family history of IBD, IBD phenotype, disease course, and therapy. Overall, 325 children (age range at diagnosis 11-15 years) were included, of whom 82 (25.2%) had a positive family history. Children diagnosed during 2016-2020 had a higher frequency of positive family history compared to those diagnosed during 2010-2015 (31.8% versus 20.7%, respectively, p = 0.024). Children with a positive family history had a higher risk for a stricturing phenotype than those with a negative family history (11.3% versus 2.8%, respectively, p = 0.052). They more often received nutritional therapy (53.7% versus 36.6%, p = 0.007) and less often received corticosteroids (36.6% versus 52.7%, p = 0.012). More children with a negative family history needed intensification of biologic therapy (p = 0.041). Conclusion: The rate of a positive family history of IBD in the pediatric IBD population is increasing. A positive family history may have some impact upon IBD phenotype but none on IBD outcome.

scholarly journals Impact of Overweight in Mens with Family History of Hypertension: Early Heart Rate Variability and Oxidative Stress Disarrangements

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ariane Viana ◽  
Danielle da Silva Dias ◽  
Mario Cesar Nascimento ◽  
Fernando dos Santos ◽  
Fernanda de Cordoba Lanza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Family History ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Negative Family History ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Overweight Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Aim. To evaluate cardiovascular, autonomic, and oxidative stress markers in eutrophic and overweight offspring of hypertensive parents comparing them to eutrophic and overweight offspring of normotensive parents. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study. We selected 71 male and sedentary subjects, divided into 4 groups: eutrophic group with a negative family history of hypertension (EH-, n=18) or positive family history of hypertension (EH+, n=17), overweight group with a negative family history of hypertension (OH-, n=19) or a positive family history of hypertension (OH+, n=17), and aged between 18 and 35 years. Results. Blood glucose was higher in the OH+ group when compared to other groups. Diastolic blood pressure was increased in OH- and OH+ groups when compared to eutrophic groups. Regarding the HRV, the LF abs was higher in OH- and OH+ groups when compared to the EH- group. LF/HF values were higher in EH+ and OH+ groups when compared to the EH- and OH- groups. As to oxidative stress and the metabolism of nitric oxide, we observed an increase in hydrogen peroxide and nitrite levels in the OH+ group, and in the NADPH oxidase in OH- and OH+ groups when compared to the other groups. Conclusion. Our findings demonstrate that the overweight group with a family history of hypertension presented all the dysfunctions observed in isolation from these risk factors. We observed an exacerbation of cardiac sympathetic modulation and early prooxidants increase, which may be associated with target organ damage and cardiovascular risk in this population.

scholarly journals “Familial Parkinson's Disease” – A Case-Control Study of Families

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Uitti ◽  
Hitoshi Shinotoh ◽  
Margo Hayward ◽  
Michael Schulzer ◽  
Edwin Mak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
General Population ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Negative Family History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second Degree

ABSTRACT:Background:Parkinson's disease (PD) patients frequently report a family history of PD and this may provide etiological clues to PD. It has also been suggested that a report of a negative family history is reliable. We studied the prevalence of PD in relatives of PD patients to assess the reliability of family history and to evaluate possible explanations of “familial PD”(fPD).Methods:81 of 650 (12.5%) PD probands (all PD patients seen at clinic in 4 years) reported a positive family history of PD. Each fPD proband was matched with non-familial PD (nfPD) proband by gender and year of birth. Screening and follow-up questionnaires were mailed to relatives to obtain information concerning pedigree and presence of neurodegenerative disease. Available family members (regardless of disease status) were examined.Results:On examination, 8 persons, said to be “normal” by probands, relatives and themselves, had definite or possible PD (5 fPD, 3 nfPD). The prevalence rate of PD among first and second degree living relatives of probands varied significantly between fPD and nfPD groups (6269/100 000 versus 1190/100 000; p < 0.001). The weighted prevalence (taking into account the proportions of fPD and nfPD within the clinic) was 1822/100 000, a value more than 5 times higher than reported prevalence rates of PD in the general population (p < 0.001). The prevalence rate was greater in first degree relatives than second degree.Conclusions:“Familial parkinsonism” cannot be explained merely by size of or advanced age within families. Significant numbers of previously unrecognized PD patients may be identified despite a “negative” family history. That is, the patient's report of an absence of familial parkinsonism is frequently inaccurate. The prevalence rate in relatives of PD patients appears to be higher than the general population – regardless of the family history reported by a PD patient. We believe our study suggests that genetic influences or early life environmental exposures are likely to be of etiological importance in PD.

scholarly journals P197 The effect of a positive family history on the phenotype and course of paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S262-S263
Author(s):  
M Ruban ◽  
S Cohen ◽  
A Yerushalmy-Feler
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Negative Family History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Aggressive Clinical Course

Abstract Background Previous studies have suggested that adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that have a positive family history of IBD may be at risk for a more aggressive clinical course, compared with sporadic cases. The role of a positive family history in paediatric IBD, however, has not been elucidated. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children with IBD and retrieved demographic and clinical characteristics, including IBD phenotype, course and therapy. We have documented the presence of a positive family history of IBD, and compared the clinical data of children with a positive family history to that of children with a negative family history. Results Overall, 325 children with a median (IQR) age of 13.9 (11–15) years at diagnosis were included: 194 (59.7%) with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 131 (40.3%) with ulcerative colitis. A positive family history of IBD was observed in 82 children (25.2%). Of them, 36 (43.9%) had a first-degree family member with IBD, and 23 (28%) had more than one family member with IBD. Children with a positive family history had a higher risk for stricturing phenotype (11.3% versus 2.8%, P=0.05) and were treated more often by nutritional therapy (53.7% versus 36.6%, P=0.007) and less by corticosteroids (36.6% versus 52.7%, P=0.012). Children with a negative family history had a higher need to intensification of biologic therapy [Hazard ratio (HR)=1.792, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.005–3.195, P=0.041 and HR=2.597, 95% CI 1.224–5.525, P=0.008 for CD) (Figure 1). No difference in the risk for IBD exacerbation, hospitalization and operation was found between the groups. Conclusion A positive family history of IBD may have a mild impact on the phenotype and course of paediatric IBD.

scholarly journals Predisposition to essential hypertension and renal hemodynamics in recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. S34
Author(s):  
T P Hannedouche ◽  
L P Marques ◽  
P Guicheney ◽  
B Lacour ◽  
C Boitard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Family History ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Renal Hemodynamics ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insulin Dependent

The offspring of essential hypertensive parents have been found to exhibit abnormalities in renal hemodynamics and sodium handling before the eventual occurrence of hypertension. The reported abnormalities represent a wide spectrum of changes including increased GFR, normal or decreased RPF, slight increase in blood pressure (although within the normal range), and an exaggerated natriuresis response to a sodium load. The heterogeneity of these abnormalities may reflect the specific conditions of the studies, the lability of the changes, or different subgroups of subjects with genetic predisposition to essential hypertension. Several lines of evidence have suggested a relationship between hypertension and the development of diabetic nephropathy in insulin-dependent diabetics. This laboratory has found that recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetics can exhibit renal hemodynamics abnormalities very early in the course of diabetes according to a positive or negative family history of essential hypertension. These changes include increased GFR and mean arterial pressure, but no differences in renal sodium and lithium handling in diabetics with a genetic predisposition to essential hypertension. In addition, diabetics with a positive family history of essential hypertension exhibited a more-marked vasodilative response to an acute interruption of the renin-angiotensin system, further suggesting inadequate angiotensin modulation of renal vascular tone. The significance of these abnormalities in relation to the development of diabetic nephropathy requires further investigation.

Elevated total body noradrenaline spillover in normotensive members of hypertensive families

1993 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Ferrier ◽  
Helen Cox ◽  
Murray Esler
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Family History ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System Activity ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Total Body

1. In prehypertension, abnormalities in cardiovascular control mechanisms have been described. It has been postulated that this may involve hereditary disturbances in the sympathetic regulation of blood pressure. Since the neurochemical methods used to test sympathetic nervous system activity have been rather imprecise, in the present study we have applied noradrenaline plasma kinetic methodology to evaluate sympathetic activity in normotensive subjects with a familial predisposition to essential hypertension. 2. Total body noradrenaline spillover to plasma, an index of integrated sympathetic nerve firing rates, was calculated during infusion of l-[7-3H] noradrenaline in 11 normotensive offspring of essential hypertensive parents and 11 age-, height- and weight-matched normotensive offspring of normotensive parents. 3. The resting arterial plasma noradrenaline concentration was higher in healthy subjects with a family history of essential hypertension (1.41 ± 0.15 nmol/l, mean ± SEM, P < 0.002) than in normotensive subjects with no family history of essential hypertension (0.82 ± 0.07 nmol/l). The overall rate of spillover of noradrenaline to plasma was also elevated in the normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents (4.34 ± 0.54 nmol/min) compared with subjects with a negative family history of essential hypertension (2.02 ± 0.20 nmol/min). Similarly, the arterial plasma concentration of the noradrenaline precursor 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine was higher in subjects with a positive family history of essential hypertension (7.55 ± 0.24 nmol/l) than in normotensive control subjects (5.97 ± 0.30 nmol/l, P < 0.001). Despite this apparent evidence of relative sympathetic nervous activation in the subjects with a positive family history of hypertension, their blood pressure and heart rate were only marginally, and non-significantly, higher. 4. Biochemical indices of sympathetic function in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents suggest a familial disturbance in sympathetic nervous system activity, which may be a predictor for the development of hypertension in adult life.

scholarly journals Does Experience Influence Judgements of Pain Behaviour? Evidence from Relatives of Pain Patients and Therapists

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M Prkachin ◽  
Patty Solomon ◽  
Teresa Hwang ◽  
Susan R Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Family History ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Negative Family History ◽  
Pain Behaviour ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pain Patients ◽  
Considerable Experience

OBJECTIVE: Judgments about an individual's pain can be profoundly important to sufferers. Relatively few studies have examined variables that may affect observers' judgments of the pain of others. The present article reports two studies investigating the relationship between different kinds of exposure to pain problems and observers' ratings of the pain intensity of patients.DESIGN: In the first study, 82 observers were classified into groups with positive and negative family histories of chronic pain. They viewed a videotape showing the facial expressions of shoulder pain patients undergoing physiotherapy assessments and rated the pain experienced by the subjects. In the second study, the data from observers having no experience with pain problems were compared with data collected from therapists having considerable experience with pain problems.RESULTS: Observers with a positive family history of chronic pain attributed greater pain to the patients than those with a negative family history of chronic pain. Professionals' pain judgments were lower than those of control subjects.CONCLUSIONS: Together, the findings imply that one's experiences with the different problems of pain patients may affect pain judgments. Alternative interpretations of the findings are considered.

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