scholarly journals The identification of irisin in human cerebrospinal fluid: influence of adiposity, metabolic markers, and gestational diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (5) ◽  
pp. E512-E518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan K. Piya ◽  
Alison L. Harte ◽  
Kavitha Sivakumar ◽  
Gyanendra Tripathi ◽  
Philip D. Voyias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Cord Serum ◽  
Human Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Hypothalamic Tissue

Peripheral action of irisin improves glucose homeostasis and increases energy expenditure, with no data on a central role of irisin in metabolism. These studies sought to examine 1) presence of irisin in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and banked human hypothalamic tissue, 2) serum irisin in maternal subjects across varying adiposities with or without gestational diabetes (GDM), and 3) their respective neonate offspring. CSF, serum, and neonatal cord serum were collected from 91 pregnant women with and without GDM attending for an elective cesarean section [body mass index (BMI): 37.7 ± 7.6 kg/m2; age: 32 ± 8.3 yr]. Irisin was assessed by ELISA and correlated with biochemical and anthropometric data. Irisin expression was examined in human hypothalamus by immunohistochemical staining. Serum irisin in pregnant women was significantly lower in nonobese compared with obese and GDM subjects, after adjusting for BMI, lipids, and glucose. Irisin was present in neonatal cord serum (237 ± 8 ng/ml) and maternal CSF (32 ± 1.5 ng/ml). CSF irisin correlated positively with serum irisin levels from nonobese and obese pregnant women ( P < 0.01), with CSF irisin significantly raised in GDM subjects ( P < 0.05). Irisin was present in human hypothalamic sections in the paraventricular neurons, colocalized with neuropeptide Y. Irisin was detectable in CSF and in paraventricular neurons. Maternal serum irisin was lower in nonobese pregnant women after adjusting for BMI and a number of metabolic parameters. These studies indicate that irisin may have a central role in metabolism in addition to the known peripheral role. Further studies investigating the central action of irisin in human metabolic disease are required.

scholarly journals Maternal Serum Melatonin Increases During Pregnancy and Falls Immediately After Delivery Implicating the Placenta as a Major Source of Melatonin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroon Ejaz ◽  
Juliana K. Figaro ◽  
Andrea M. F. Woolner ◽  
Bensita M. V. Thottakam ◽  
Helen F. Galley
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Major Metabolite ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
In Pregnancy

Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone which regulates circadian rhythm and is also an antioxidant. The role of melatonin in pregnancy is emerging. The enzymes needed for endogenous synthesis of melatonin have been identified in the placenta, although the contribution to circulating maternal melatonin in normal pregnancy is unclear. This work aimed to determine serum levels of melatonin and its major metabolite 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate (6-OHMS) in normal pregnant women during each trimester of pregnancy, and immediately after delivery. Blood samples were obtained from a cohort of healthy pregnant women during each trimester of pregnancy (n = 26), from women scheduled for elective Cesarean section (CS) before and after delivery (n = 15), along with placental samples, and from healthy non-pregnant women as controls (n = 30). Melatonin and its major metabolite, 6-OHMS, were measured using enzyme immunoassay. Levels of serum melatonin were significantly higher during pregnancy than in non-pregnant women (P = 0.025) and increased throughout pregnancy (P &lt; 0.0001). In women undergoing CS, serum melatonin decreased markedly 24 h after delivery (P = 0.0013). Similar results were seen for serum levels of 6-OHMS, and placental tissue 6-OHMS levels correlated with week of gestation at delivery (p = 0.018). In summary, maternal melatonin production is higher in pregnant than in non-pregnant women, increases significantly during pregnancy with highest levels in the third trimester, and decreases abruptly after delivery. These results suggest that the placenta is a major source of melatonin and supports a physiological role for melatonin in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Thyroglobulin in smoking mothers and their newborns at delivery suggests autoregulation of placental iodide transport overcoming thiocyanate inhibition

2013 ◽  
Vol 168 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine L Andersen ◽  
Susanne B Nøhr ◽  
Chun S Wu ◽  
Jørn Olsen ◽  
Klaus M Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Sodium Iodide Symporter ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Cord Serum ◽  
Iodide Transport ◽  
Lactating Mammary Gland ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundPlacental transport of iodide is required for fetal thyroid hormone production. The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) mediates active iodide transport into the thyroid and the lactating mammary gland and is also present in placenta. NIS is competitively inhibited by thiocyanate from maternal smoking, but compensatory autoregulation of iodide transport differs between organs. The extent of autoregulation of placental iodide transport remains to be clarified.ObjectiveTo compare the impact of maternal smoking on thyroglobulin (Tg) levels in maternal serum at delivery and in cord serum as markers of maternal and fetal iodine deficiency.MethodsOne hundred and forty healthy, pregnant women admitted for delivery and their newborns were studied before the iodine fortification of salt in Denmark. Cotinine in urine and serum classified mothers as smokers (n=50) or nonsmokers (n=90). The pregnant women reported on intake of iodine-containing supplements during pregnancy and Tg in maternal serum at delivery and in cord serum were analyzed.ResultsIn a context of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency, smoking mothers had significantly higher serum Tg than nonsmoking mothers (mean Tg smokers 40.2 vs nonsmokers 24.4 μg/l, P=0.004) and so had their respective newborns (cord Tg 80.2 vs 52.4 μg/l, P=0.006), but the ratio between Tg in cord serum and maternal serum was not significantly different in smokers compared with nonsmokers (smoking 2.06 vs nonsmoking 2.22, P=0.69).ConclusionMaternal smoking increased the degree of iodine deficiency in parallel in the mother and the fetus, as reflected by increased Tg levels. However, placental iodide transport seemed unaffected despite high thiocyanate levels, suggesting that thiocyanate-insensitive iodide transporters alternative to NIS are active or that NIS in the placenta is autoregulated to keep iodide transport unaltered.

Pre-pregnancy obesity compromises obstetric and neonatal outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Hancke ◽  
Theresa Gundelach ◽  
Birgit Hay ◽  
Sylvia Sander ◽  
Frank Reister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Group A ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Group B

AbstractObesity is an important issue among fertile women as it may affect obstetric and neonatal outcomes.Obstetric and neonatal outcomes of primiparous women were retrospectively analyzed in non-obese (n=11387) and obese (n=943) women. A subgroup analysis was performed in obese women divided into three groups: Grade I obesity (Group A, n=654), Grade II obesity (Group B, n=192), and Grade III obesity (Group C, n=97). Odds ratios (OR) were expressed with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).The incidence of gestational diabetes (non-obese, 1.9%; obese, 7.6%; Group C, 19.6%) and preeclampsia (non-obese, 3.3%; obese, 13.5%; Group C, 17.5%) increased with rising weight. The risk of non-elective cesarean section was significantly higher in obese women than in non-obese women (21.7% vs. 13.2%). The risk of extreme preterm birth (before 28 weeks of gestation) doubled in the Grade I obesity group (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4–3.2) and nearly tripled in women with body mass index ≥35 kg/mPre-pregnancy obesity is associated with higher incidences of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. Our study shows that obese women have a higher risk of non-elective cesarean section and preterm birth.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Attitude of Pregnant Women toward Elective Cesarean Section in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Afaf Abdul-Jabar Al Sulamy ◽  
Shadia A. Yousuf ◽  
Hala Ahmed Thabet
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

scholarly journals Methylglyoxal, Glycated Albumin, PAF, and TNF-α: Possible Inflammatory and Metabolic Biomarkers for Management of Gestational Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Piuri ◽  
Katia Basello ◽  
Gabriele Rossi ◽  
Chiara Maria Soldavini ◽  
Silvia Duiella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers

Background: In gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pancreatic β-cell breakdown can result from a proinflammatory imbalance created by a sustained level of cytokines. In this study, we investigated the role of specific cytokines, such as B-cell activating factor (BAFF), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and platelet-activating factor (PAF), together with methylglyoxal (MGO) and glycated albumin (GA) in pregnant women affected by GDM. Methods: We enrolled 30 women whose inflammation and metabolic markers were measured at recruitment and after 12 weeks of strict dietetic therapy. We compared these data to the data obtained from 53 randomly selected healthy nonpregnant subjects without diabetes, hyperglycemia, or any condition that can affect glycemic metabolism. Results: In pregnant women affected by GDM, PAF levels increased from 26.3 (17.4–47.5) ng/mL to 40.1 (30.5–80.5) ng/mL (p < 0.001). Their TNF-α levels increased from 3.0 (2.8–3.5) pg/mL to 3.4 (3.1–5.8) pg/mL (p < 0.001). The levels of methylglyoxal were significantly higher in the women with GDM (p < 0.001), both at diagnosis and after 12 weeks (0.64 (0.46–0.90) μg/mL; 0.71 (0.47–0.93) μg/mL, respectively) compared to general population (0.25 (0.19–0.28) μg/mL). Levels of glycated albumin were significantly higher in women with GDM (p < 0.001) only after 12 weeks from diagnosis (1.51 (0.88–2.03) nmol/mL) compared to general population (0.95 (0.63–1.4) nmol/mL). Conclusion: These findings support the involvement of new inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in the mechanisms related to GDM complications and prompt deeper exploration into the vicious cycle connecting inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic results.

scholarly journals Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with the neonatal gut microbiota and metabolome

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Chen ◽  
Yufeng Qin ◽  
Minjian Chen ◽  
Yuqing Zhang ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Child Study ◽  
Mother And Child

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disease that occurs in pregnant women and increases the risk for the development of diabetes. The relationship between GDM and meconium microbiota and metabolome remains incompletely understood. Methods Four hundred eighteen mothers (147 women with GDM and 271 normal pregnant women) and their neonates from the GDM Mother and Child Study were included in this study. Meconium microbiota were profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Meconium and maternal serum metabolome were examined by UPLC-QE. Results Microbial communities in meconium were significantly altered in neonates from the GDM mothers. A reduction in alpha diversity was observed in neonates of GDM mothers. At the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria changed significantly in neonates of GDM mothers. Metabolomic analysis of meconium showed that metabolic pathways including taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, and bile acid biosynthesis were altered in GDM subjects. Several changed metabolites varying by the similar trend across the maternal serum and neonatal meconium were observed. Conclusion Altogether, these findings suggest that GDM could alter the serum metabolome and is associated with the neonatal meconium microbiota and metabolome, highlighting the importance of maternal factors on early-life metabolism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document